National Library

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As an outstanding library, a national library collects and archives the entire literature of a state or a language area and records it in the national bibliography . According to the UNESCO definition , a national library often also has the task of acquiring the most important foreign publications. The national library often plays a coordinating role in a country's librarianship .

Most states have national libraries (see List of National Libraries ). It can be distributed over several locations, such as the German National Library in Leipzig and Frankfurt am Main, or there can be several national libraries in one state. The largest library of its kind, the Library of Congress in Washington, DC , is actually a parliamentary library .

history

National libraries have emerged in Europe since the emergence of the nation states at the end of the 18th century and had their “heyday” in the long 19th century “as a model institution for the nation's self-understanding and assurance ”. The historian Jörn Leonhard points out that this process was the expression and motor of the political-social centralization , homogenization and hierarchization that took place at the same time , which also captured national myths , knowledge and images of history , and therefore describes the national library as the “central location of the imagined by texts Nation".

That stood in the foreground, a broad and egalitarian understood bourgeois public with access to education, which was seen as a national task. At the same time, the British and French institutions , which were regarded as role models, served to convey the claim to supremacy of the respective cultural nation and its worldwide mission, which the American and Russian imitators took up.

Through the expansion and differentiation of the sciences, the national libraries displaced private scholarly libraries at the same time and became the "final authority and basis for scientific literature research", as the collections, which were very fragmentary despite deposit copies , were condensed towards completeness through acquisitions (e.g. abandoned monastery libraries ) .

In Germany, because of its political and cultural decentralization, even after the formation of the nation state in 1871 , Berlin, Munich, Leipzig and later Frankfurt as well as various public and commercial institutions competed with one another, even if the German national movement repeatedly set the goal of a “literary Valhalla ”.

National Libraries in Europe

The European national libraries are, except for the Kosovo and Belarus, on the common web portal The European Library (formerly GABRIEL reach). These are:

State / Country National Library (s)
Albania National Library of Albania
Andorra Biblioteca Nacional d'Andorra
Armenia Armenian National Library (Հայաստանի Ազգային Գրադարան, Hayastani Azgayin Gradaran)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan National Library (Mirzə Fətəli Axundov adına Azərbaycan Milli Kitabxanası)
Belgium Royal Library of Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina National Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Vijećnica )
Bulgaria National Library of Saints Cyril and Methodius
Denmark Danish Royal Library
Faroe Islands: National Library of the Faroe Islands
Greenland: Nunatta Atuagaateqarfia
Germany German National Library (see also Collection of German Prints )
Estonia Estonian National Library (see also University of Tartu )
Finland Finnish National Library , formerly Helsinki University Library
France Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg
Georgia National Parliamentary Library of Georgia (საქართველოს პარლამენტის ეროვნული ბიბლიოთეკა, sakartvelos p'arlament'is erovnuli bibliotek'i)
Greece Greek National Library
Ireland Irish National Library
Iceland National and University Library of Iceland
Italy Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (Florence)
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma (Rome)
Kosovo National and University Library of Kosovo (BKUK)
Croatia National and University Library of Zagreb (Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica; NSK)
Latvia Latvian National Library (Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka)
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein National Library
Lithuania Lithuanian National Library (Lietuvos nationaline Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka)
Luxembourg Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg
Malta National Library of Malta (Bibljoteka Nazzjonali ta 'Malta)
Macedonia National Library of Macedonia (Национална и универзитетска библиотека "Св. Климент Охридски", Narodna i univerzitetska biblioteka Sv. Kliment Ohridski)
Moldova National Library of the Republic of Moldova (Biblioteca Națională a Republicii Moldova)
Montenegro National Library of Montenegro (Nacionalna biblioteka Crne Gore "Đurđe Crnojević")
Netherlands Royal Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek)
Norway Nasjonalbiblioteket (see also Libraries in Norway )
Austria Austrian National Library
Poland Biblioteka Narodowa
Jagiellonian Library
Portugal Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
Romania Romanian National Library (Biblioteca Națională a României)
Russia Russian State Library (Moscow)
Russian National Library (Saint Petersburg)
Library of President BN Yeltsin (Saint Petersburg)
San Marino Biblioteca di Stato e Beni Librari
Sweden Stockholm Royal Library
Switzerland Swiss National Library
Serbia Serbian National Library (Narodna Biblioteka Srbije)
Slovakia Slovak National Library in Martin
Slovenia National and University Library of Slovenia (Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica)
Spain Spanish National Library
Czech Republic National Library of the Czech Republic
Ukraine Vernadskyj National Library of Ukraine
Hungary National Széchényi Library in Budapest (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár)
Vatican city Vatican Apostolic Library
United Kingdom British Library
Scotland: National Library of Scotland , Edinburgh
Wales: National Library of Wales
Belarus National Library of Belarus (Национальная библиотека Беларуси)
Cyprus Cypriot Library (Κυπριακή Βιβλιοθήκη)

National libraries outside Europe (selection)

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: National Library  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Lists of national libraries:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jörn Leonhard: Books of the Nation. The emergence of European national libraries as places of localized memory. In: Kirstin Buchinger, Claire Gantet, Jakob Vogel (eds.): European spaces of memory. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, pp. 72–87, here pp. 77 f.
  2. ↑ Jörn Leonhard: Books of the Nation. The emergence of European national libraries as places of localized memory. In: Kirstin Buchinger, Claire Gantet, Jakob Vogel (eds.): European spaces of memory. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, pp. 72–87, here p. 73.
  3. ↑ Jörn Leonhard: Books of the Nation. The emergence of European national libraries as places of localized memory. In: Kirstin Buchinger, Claire Gantet, Jakob Vogel (eds.): European spaces of memory. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, pp. 72–87, here p. 78.
  4. ↑ Jörn Leonhard: Books of the Nation. The emergence of European national libraries as places of localized memory. In: Kirstin Buchinger, Claire Gantet, Jakob Vogel (eds.): European spaces of memory. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, pp. 72–87, here p. 80.
  5. ↑ Jörn Leonhard: Books of the Nation. The emergence of European national libraries as places of localized memory. In: Kirstin Buchinger, Claire Gantet, Jakob Vogel (eds.): European spaces of memory. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, pp. 72–87, here pp. 81 f. See also Engelbert Plassmann : A "Reich Library"? Lecture from January 13, 1998 (PDF; 218 kB).
  6. ^ About the Library. ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: prlib.ru . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prlib.ru