Kritzendorf

Kritzendorf ( district ) locality cadastral community Kritzendorf
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Tulln  (TU), Lower Austria
Judicial district	Klosterneuburg
Pole. local community	Klosterneuburg
Coordinates	48 ° 19 ′ 39 "  N , 16 ° 18 ′ 6"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 19 ′ 39 "  N , 16 ° 18 ′ 6"  E
height	205  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village	2536 (January 1, 2020)
Building status	1832 (2001)
Area  d. KG	12.34 km²
Statistical identification
Locality code	06707
Cadastral parish number	1705
Counting district / district	Oberkritzendorf / Unterkritzendorf (32144 036/035)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; NÖGIS

Kritzendorf is a place and a cadastral municipality of the municipality of Klosterneuburg in Lower Austria with around 3000 year-round residents (over 5000 people live here in the summer season).

location

The cadastral area of ​​approx. 10 km² includes the old towns of Unterkritzendorf and Oberkritzendorf on the main road with the bottlenecks, the newer settlement areas on the slopes, in the side valleys and in the Danube valley upstream, the Weißenhof (today the rehabilitation center "Weißer Hof"), the Kritzendorfer Au to the taxi ferry as well as a narrow strip on the opposite bank of the Danube downstream of the Tuttendörfels, which was separated by the regulation of the Danube . In the Kritzendorfer Au there is the Strombad Kritzendorf , which became famous in the interwar period (today allotment garden association “Donausiedlung”). The landscape is characterized by the alluvial forest in the Danube valley, the vineyards on the slopes and the forests on the hilltops.

history

View of the village of Oberkritzendorf. Colored copper engraving by J. Ziegler , after a watercolor by Laurenz Janscha (around 1790)

Coat of arms of the medieval knights of Kritzendorf

The oldest evidence of civilization comes from the Neolithic Age (fragment of a stone ax). In the Bronze Age there was a settlement in the Au (bronze swords), where fields were already being cultivated; Floods provided fertilization . Also the viticulture dates back to pre-Roman times. The place name and settlement centers date from the High Middle Ages . Nothing has survived from the clay and wood buildings of that time. The place name is probably derived from a Slavic tribal prince named Križan (as well as Kreuzenstein and Kreuzstetten).

The oldest surviving written record refers to 1108, when Wisint von Criczendorf witnessed a donation to Klosterneuburg Abbey . Knight Ulrich von Chriczendorf was court master of Duke Albrecht I in 1291 , who at that time resided in Klosterneuburg. Its coat of arms , divided diagonally right three times , is a symbol of the place today. Today's church was built around 1460 between Unter- and Oberkritzendorf, at that time in an open field, and later dedicated to St. Consecrated to Vitus . The first reading yards date from the same period and - expanded several times - today stand out as mighty buildings on the main street.

Kritzendorf was not spared from catastrophes either, but got off relatively lightly compared to the surrounding area. When the locusts ate up the crops, the villagers were left with the wine . When the phylloxera destroyed the vines, they switched to red currant wine (made from currants). The plague , Turks and Napoleonic troops raged much more heavily in the urban Klosterneuburg than in the sparsely populated Kritzendorf. Even during the Second World War there was hardly any local fighting, only one house was destroyed by aerial bombs . Nevertheless, 117 Kritzendorfer died, almost all of them far from their home.

At the end of the 19th century, Kritzendorf became an excursion destination and summer retreat for many Viennese through Danube regulation and the Franz-Josefs-Bahn . Kritzendorf became famous in the inter-war period for its electricity bath . The original Badeschiff had become a Viennese weekend colony with over 600 "stilt houses". With the "Anschluss" , three quarters of the tenants were terminated because of Jewish origin or political deviations, thereby driving out the intellectual and cultural society, something that even "re-Aryanization" after the end of the war could not change much.

In 1938, Kritzendorf, together with Klosterneuburg and the surrounding villages, became the 26th district of Greater Vienna . When Klosterneuburg became independent again in 1954, Kritzendorf remained incorporated. The summer vacation became a popular settlement area for Viennese fleeing the city, weekend houses became single-family homes, and the winegrower's village became a metropolitan satellite. The population increased tenfold, while the number of local shops, full-time farmers and wine taverns ( Heurigen ) fell to a tenth. Nevertheless, it is possible to create local identity through local initiatives .

Attractions

Church of St. Vitus in Kritzendorf

For the late Gothic church see the separate article Church of St. Vitus

The former reading yards of the Counts of St. Julien (Katharinenhof) and Bartolotty (Hauptstrasse 79), the monasteries Kremsmünster (Hauptstrasse 52) and Mauerbach (Mauerbacher Hof), the Princes of Liechtenstein (Edelhof), are located in Bahngasse on Hauptstrasse those of the St. Florian monasteries (probably based on plans by Jakob Prandtauer , today the old people's and nursing home of the Barmherzigen Brüder ) and Schlierbach (medallion facade). From the turn of the 19th to the 20th century there were stately villas, including the Schelhammerhof (Heuriger Vitovec), the Schelhammervilla (Klinggasse, built in 1906 by Josef Schömer ), the Villa Voeclker-Jacobsen (Hauptstrasse 80, built in 1871 by the Ringstrasse architect Emil von Forester ). In the interwar period, Walter Loos built a hillside house (Hauptstraße 82a). In the last 3 decades numerous residential complexes, the new building of the old people's and nursing home of the Barmherzigen Brüder, the office building and the rehabilitation center Weißer Hof were built.

The Kritzendorf train station is located north of the old Oberkritzendorf, where the main road leading to Höflein reaches the Danube level outside of the old towns, which are located at a flood- proof height. The area used to be called Beim Sandhof, then Ausserritzendorf. The four-track station is largely in its original condition. During the heyday of the Kritzendorfer Strombad , this was the terminus of the so-called short trains, consisting of a steam locomotive with two passenger wagons in front and behind, which commuted between Heiligenstadt and Kritzendorf every ten minutes on beautiful summer Sundays. The Unterkritzendorf stop was only created later, due to a citizens' initiative . Since 2017, commuting between Vienna (Franz Josefs Bahnhof) and Kritzendorf every 15 minutes during rush hour. After a city shuttle collided with a freight train loaded with coal at the exit in the direction of Vienna FJB in 2009, a rapid transit train collided with a passenger train at the same point in 2017 ( list of railway accidents in Austria ).

Kritzendorf, Strombad: Rondeau (postcard from the interwar period)

The Strombad Kritzendorf was built as one of the first open-air baths in 1903 by the beautification and sociability association “Die Linde”. It was soon a popular destination for the Viennese. In the interwar period, all classes of society met here, including the glamorous city dwellers. The Wiener Symphoniker played in the beach pavilion (still preserved today) . In the summer of 2004 there was an exhibition about the electricity bath in the Wien Museum , some of which can now be seen in the village museum.

From Oberkritzendorf the Riedenwanderweg leads through the Weinrieden region towards Höflein . With display boards, the visitor is informed about viticulture , grape varieties and local specialties, including the "Turkish ovens". Supposedly the Kritzendorfer hid from the Turks there, in the middle of the vineyards, and baked their bread. Higher up is the St. Paula Chapel, built in memory of a wealthy Kritzendorferin. From Unterkritzendorf you get to the nature adventure trail. At 20 stations you can get to know the unique natural and cultural landscape of Kritzendorf. At the highest point is the forest prayer, popularly known as the "picture oak".

Kritzendorf, Lower Mohswincklerkreuz (1678, revised)

Five wayside shrines (“Marterln”) have been preserved, which were erected by grateful or concerned Kritzendorfer. Four date from the 17th century: the lower (corner of Klinggasse) and upper (corner of Bahnhofsplatz) Mohswincklerkreuz on the main street, the White Cross above in Steingasse, the Herzogenburger Marterl on the former parish border to Höflein . The youngest of them was built by the former mayor of Klosterneuburg, Karl Resperger, above his property in 2002. One of the wayside crosses and memorial crosses is in a wall niche in the Tiefen Keller in Unterkritzendorf, the fisherman's cross at the Unterkritzendorf train station, the "Trinity" at the three-village triangle Kritzendorf - Höflein - Hadersfeld am Hundsberg. On Weißenhoferstraße you will find a duel memorial stone that was erected to commemorate a dueling victim. On the main street below the public elementary school is the Franz Josephs Jubilee Monument, which was erected in 1908 by the Kulturfreunde.

See also the list of listed objects in Klosterneuburg , section cadastral municipality Kritzendorf.

Economy and health

The most well-known Kritzendorf business enterprise beyond Kritzendorf is the company "Textil-Müller" at Kritzendorf station. In addition, a carpenter, a locksmith, a gardener, a vegetable and fruit preserve production facility, a highland cattle breeding facility, two haulage companies, two painters and house painters work beyond the town limits.

The OMV operates several gas wells in Au and in the hills.

In Kritzendorf there is a group ordination for general medicine, a dentist, a pediatrician, a psychotherapist, an orthopedist and a veterinarian. The other local supply consists of a supermarket, bank, post office partner, sewing room, handicrafts, masseuses, therapeutic gymnast, advertising agency, sensory school, as well as a kiosk in the rondeau of the electricity bath.

The traffic connection to Klosterneuburg and Vienna is made by public transport via the above-mentioned rapid transit railway; additional P + R parking spaces were built at Kritzendorf station in 2018. There are also buses to Klosterneuburg. The individual traffic, some of which comes from the Tullnerfeld, tortures its way through the Kritzendorfer Hauptstraße with its bottlenecks.

Hiking and cycling trails in the Au and on the hills are ideal for sporting activities. There is a soccer field, a volleyball court and tennis courts on the area of ​​the Strombad. There is a half pipe next to the train station. The banks of the Danube invite you to sunbathe, and on warm days to swim in the stream. The rubbing noise of the " bed load " on the Danube base is an unforgettable experience. The Silbersee as well as an artificial pond in the Hirschengasse offer fishermen plenty of activity. Gymnastics, aerobics and belly dance courses take place in the administrative building.

Five inns, two of them in the "old town", one on the Silbersee and two in the Strombad, the "coffee corner", two snack bars or bike clubs and six local wine taverns ("Heurige") provide for the physical well-being. Two accommodation establishments offer accommodation for cyclists from the nearby Danube Cycle Path, among others.

Institutions and associations

The parish of St. Vitus is looked after by Klosterneuburg canons . Together with other local associations, she organizes the annual harvest festival. The parish letter provides regular information on religious and site-specific topics.

At supraregional social institutions there is the old people's and nursing home of the Barmherzigen Brüder , completely renovated in 2018/19. The Weißer Hof rehabilitation center of the General Accident Insurance Institute is located in the forests above the village in the Kritzendorfer cadastral area .

In the administrative building there is the local council, a pediatrician and a veterinarian, the village museum, a coffee house and an event hall. Ingrid Pollauf (after Franz Resperger) is responsible for the Kritzendorf administration. Information about what is happening in the village can be found in the print medium “Our Kritzendorf” (appears five times a year) and on various websites.

At educational institutions there is a public elementary school, the private elementary school of the school sisters (hence also called "monastery"), whose catchment area extends beyond Klosterneuburg, as well as the open-air school, which works according to the Montessori method. The state kindergarten, previously housed in the "monastery", was rebuilt in 2018 next to the parish garden. The private children's group "Wasserfloh" is also housed in the building of the open space school.

The other local facilities are supported by associations. The committee for Kritzendorfer Heimatpflege receives, among other things, the Kritzendorfer small memorials and maintains resting places for hikers and bankers. It is also the sponsoring association for the Kritzendorf Village Museum, in which history and culture as well as the local rural and domestic ways of life are documented. The Kritzendorf Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded in 1890. Apart from the fire station on Kritzendorfer Hauptstrasse, there is a depot in the power pool. The "singer group Kritzendorf", founded in 1951, consisted of a male choir, which was joined in 2005 by a female choir (today "Thistle Flowers"). The boy scouts have their home in Weißenhoferstrasse. Several sports, settlement, parents, savings and social associations, local groups of political parties, local comradeship associations , senior citizens' clubs, winegrowing associations and agricultural communities round off the diverse range of associations. All local charitable organizations are represented in the “Club of 12”. Kritzendorf is also the seat of the " Friedensflotte mirno more " association

Personalities

• Julius Allo (Álló) (1901–1984), academ. Painter, restorer, professor, Klosterneuburg Artists' Association
• Otto A. Altenburger (* 1951), economist
• Louie Austen (* 1946), pianist, accordion player, guitarist, bar and jazz crooner.
• Hugo Breitner (1873–1946), City Councilor for Finance of "Red Vienna"
• Justinian Frisch (1879–1949), journalist and translator
• Adalbert Nikolaus Fuchs (1814–1886), professor of agriculture, rector
• Ernst Fuchs (1851–1930), professor of ophthalmology
• Beat Furrer (* 1954), composer
• Isidor H. Groß (1864–1914), actor and opera director
• Egon Höller (1907–1991), lawyer
• Bodo Kaltenboeck (1893–1939), writer
• Michael Konsel (* 1962), football player
• Wilhelm Kurtz (athlete) (1897–1942), Austrian amateur boxing champion 1921, battle name "the giant from Kritzendorf"
• Karl Mandl (1891–1989), coleopterologist (beetle researcher) and botanist
• Dora Miklosich (1899–1981), actress and radio announcer ("Aunt Dora")
• Erika Mitterer (1906–2001), writer
• Manfred Neuwirth (* 1954), filmmaker and media artist ("From a near country" and parts of the "Trilogy" are set in Kritzendorf)
• Gustav Otruba (1925–1994), university professor for economic history, a. a. Co-editor of Klosterneuburg, History and Culture, Volumes I and II
• Sergius Pauser (1896–1970), academ. Painter, professor at the academy
• Hans Reif (1887–1949) set a unique sign of civil courage with the "reconstitution" of huts in the Strombad
• Erich Winterhalder (1808–1889), economist, journalist and publisher

In addition, a number of celebrities, especially those who work in culture, have a (second) residence in Kritzendorf.

literature

• Wilhelm Hager, Raimund Hofbauer: Kritzendorf . In: Michael Duscher (Ed.): Klosterneuburg. History and culture . Volume 2: The cadastral communities . Mayer, Klosterneuburg / Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-901025-24-3 , pp. 13-90.
• Lisa Fischer: The Riviera on the Danube. 100 years of Strombad Kritzendorf . (Second, unchanged edition). Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2003, ISBN 3-205-77114-1 . (Excerpt: The Riviera on the Danube . In: Wiener Zeitung , September 24, 1999).
• Caroline Jäger-Klein, Sabine Plakolm-Forsthuber, Thomas Prlič: The architecture of Klosterneuburg beach baths and weekend colonies . Municipality of Klosterneuburg, Klosterneuburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-85028-453-0 .
• Raimund Hofbauer (Red.): 900 Years of Kritzendorf, 1108–2008. Festschrift . Komitee zur Kritzendorfer Heimatpflege (Ed.), Kritzendorf 2008, OBV , full text in the electronic archive of the Kritzendorf Village Museum .
• Raimund Hofbauer, Committee for Kritzendorfer Heimatpflege (ed.): Kritzendorf once & now . Heimat-Verlag, Schwarzach 2009, OBV .
• Robert Gattringer, Raimund Hofbauer, Committee for Kritzendorfer Heimatpflege (ed.): People in Kritzendorf then & now . Heimat-Verlag, Schwarzach 2010, OBV .
• Raimund Hofbauer (Ed.): "Summer vacation in Kritzendorf" . Transliteration of an anonymous manuscript from 1908 including original photographs. Municipality of Klosterneuburg, City Archives, City Museum, Klosterneuburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-85028-542-1 .
• Committee for Kritzendorfer Heimatpflege (Ed.): Kritzendorf above and below the earth . Heimat-Verlag, Schwarzach 2014

Web links

Commons : Kritzendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage about Kritzendorf
• History on the website of the Kritzendorf Village Museum
• official website of the municipality of Klosterneuburg

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The difference to the number of inhabitants according to the Infobox is due to second reporters who live here all year round, but are registered in Vienna as the main place. The difference to the summer season is due to the residents of the allotment huts, stilt houses and living cabins. A temporary decline in the number of main residents was due to the assignment of two settlement areas to the KG Klosterneuburg, otherwise it would be 2,735 as of January 1, 2018, the increase has been an average of 1% per year since 1971 (source: Municipality of Klosterneuburg, internal processing)
2. ^ Edmund Wengraf:  Sunday in Kritzendorf. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 20110/1920, August 22, 1920, p. 11, top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ . The part of the Freibergsiedlung located on the Kritzendorfer cadastral area was assigned to KG Kierling in 2013; Roller ferry settlement, Schwarze Au and Pionierinsel were assigned to KG Klosterneuburg in 2015.
4. ^ Heide Dienst: Regional history and society in the High Middle Ages using the example of Austria (MIÖG Erg.Bd. XXVII), Vienna: Böhlau 1990, p. 188
5. ↑ by Hans Reif , cf. Lisa Fischer: The Riviera on the Danube. 100 years of Strombad Kritzendorf . (Second, unchanged edition). Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2003, ISBN 3-205-77114-1 , p. 121.