Heinrich I. (Berchtesgaden)

Heinrich (* 1118 ; † 19 July 1196 ) was Heinrich I from 1151 to 1174 provost of the monastery in Berchtesgaden , then a counter-archbishop of Salzburg elected at the instigation of Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa from 1174 to 1177 and finally until his death as Heinrich III . Bishop of Brixen .

Act

Since the name Heinrich does not appear in the witness lists of the Berchtesgaden canons and his connections to the Salzburg reform circle were possibly even closer than those of his predecessor, it is assumed that he, like Hugo I , belonged to the Salzburg cathedral chapter before he took office .

Like his predecessors, he sought to consolidate the independence of the monastery and to increase its income, particularly through salt production. This was countered by the increasing competition from secular rulers and not least from the Archbishop of Salzburg. So there was an exchange of goods between him and Archbishop Eberhard I of Salzburg on May 8, 1155 ; for a farm in Landersdorf near Wölbling , in return, the core area of ​​the monastery was expanded to include the “pratum Bisvolfeswisen” ( Bischofswiesen ).

In addition, Heinrich knew how to gain the goodwill of Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa for himself and his pen . Because of his proven loyalty , Heinrich received the great "freedom letter" from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa on June 13, 1156, which is noted in Berchtesgaden's history as the "Golden Bull". A witness to this diploma is u. a. Gebhard III. von Sulzbach , who, as the son of the founder of the monastery, Berengar I von Sulzbach and succeeding monastery bailiff, probably established the connection between Heinrich and the emperor and thus also protected his own interests.

The bull stated that the Berchtesgaden Abbey was under the protection of the emperor and that he guaranteed his present and future ownership. In addition, thanks to Heinrich, it was also decreed that no one, including none of the founding family, was allowed to exercise the monastery bailiff without first having submitted to the election of the provost and the convent, and that “a bailiff who was 'oppressive and useless' to them. would, could also be relieved of his office. ”However, the version of this document that has been preserved is already a defamation from the period from 1157 to 1160. The emperor also granted the monastery numerous regalia or imperial rights, including a. a. the forest sovereignty ; After the start of salt mining at Gollenbach, Heinrich's successor, provost Friedrich I, had the imperial charter extended in 1180 to include the freedom to mine salt and metal.

However, during the schism of 1159, Heinrich held as a member of the Salzburg Reform Association to Pope Alexander III. and was thus in opposition to Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa - even when the Emperor imposed the ban on the Salzburg Church on March 29, 1166.

Heinrich moved to Admont and Friesach with Archbishop Konrad II of Salzburg in 1167 and 1168 in order to avoid the military attacks of the imperial partisans. After the death of Archbishop Konrad II of Salzburg on September 28, 1168, his young successor Adalbert III behaved . so clumsy and not very diplomatic that he came into conflict with part of the Salzburg “reform bloc”. In contrast u. a. The Salzburg Cathedral Chapter, the Bishop of Gurk and Provost Heinrich von Berchtesgaden, in particular, distanced themselves from the Baumburg , Herrenchiemsee and St. Zeno monasteries . They sought a compromise with the emperor - but without the party of Alexander III. to leave. Berchtesgaden was spared further attacks and looting by the imperial family, but soon lost its provost as well.

After the Brixen bishop Richer von Hohenburg, in agreement with the Gurk bishop Heinrich, had declared the archbishop Adalbert of Bohemia to be deposed at the court assembly of Regensburg in 1174 , Heinrich became archbishop or counter-archbishop of Salzburg. Archbishop Adalbert then banned the two bishops.

In 1177 Heinrich finally took up his office as Bishop of Brixen, which he held until the end of his life in 1196.

literature

• Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Berchtesgadener Anzeiger Verlag , Berchtesgaden 1986, ISBN 3-925647-00-7 , p. 34 f.
• A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973. pp. 100, 261-262.
• Stefan Weinfurter : The foundation of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the Canon Regulars in Berchtesgaden , in: Walter Brugger , Heinz Dopsch , Peter Franz Kramml: History of Berchtesgaden: Between Salzburg and Bavaria (until 1594) . Volume 1, Plenk Verlag, Berchtesgaden 1991, pp. 229-264, here: pp. 253-255, ISBN 3-922590-63-2 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 269-270 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Stefan Weinfurter : The founding of the Augustinian Canon Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 253.
3. ^ Alfred Wendehorst : Germania Sacra , Volume 1, Max Planck Institute for History , p. 284 - see also: Germania Sacra
4. ^ According to Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . On p. 34 his predecessor Hugo I would have been elected provost in Salzburg in 1148 and Heinrich in the same year as provost of Berchtesgaden.
5. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works , Volume 1. Salzburg 1815, pp. 62–63 ( full text in the Google book search).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 254.
7. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . P. 34 f.
8. ↑ Ulli Kastner: Salt has been part of Berchtesgaden history for 900 years in Berchtesgadener Anzeiger , news from May 22, 2002 and June 3, 2002
9. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stefan Weinfurter: The founding of the Augustiner Canon Monastery - reform idea and beginnings of the regular canons in Berchtesgaden , p. 255.
10. ↑ Jakob Obersteiner: The Bishops of Gurk 1072-1822 . Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 1969 ( From Research and Art 5, ISSN  0067-0642 ), pp. 45–53.