Adalbert III. of Bohemia

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Adalbert III. von Böhmen (* 1145 ; † April 8, 1200 ) was Archbishop of Salzburg , whose reign was largely shaped by the dispute with Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa .

youth

He was the son of Duke Wladislaw II. Of Bohemia, who had been made king by Emperor Friedrich I, and his wife Gertrud, daughter of Margrave Leopold of Austria . Adalbert lived as a deacon in the Bohemian monastery Strahov (Latin Mons Sion) near Prague.

1. Regency

After the death of Archbishop Konrad II of Salzburg (Adalbert's maternal uncle) on September 28, 1168, Adalbert III. Unanimously elected his successor, then secretly brought to Salzburg in view of the lurking dangers and enthroned there on November 1, 1168. On March 15, 1169, Adalbert received through Udalrich, the Patriarch of Aquileja , the episcopal ordination from Pope Alexander III. soon afterwards he received the pallium . Without having received the regalia from Emperor Friedrich I, Adalbert nevertheless exercised all secular rights of rule. The enraged emperor therefore did not even allow him to appear before him in Bamberg at Pentecost 1169, accompanied by his father, the King of Bohemia Ladislaus / Vladislav II. Abandoned by his ministerials when the emperor appeared in Salzburg, Adalbert had to renounce his dignity and went to the Styrian monasteries of Admont and Vorau . However, he soon reappeared as archbishop, revoking his resignation. He initially tried in vain to win allies by illegally awarding church property, while the clergy, indignant about his action, negotiated a new election with the emperor. Pope Alexander III took his partisan Adalbert in protection. An attempt to make peace with the emperor through the mediation of Archbishop Wichmann von Magdeburg (1171) was unsuccessful. When Friedrich Barbarossa held a brilliant court day in the city of Salzburg at the beginning of 1172, in which the bishops of Regensburg, Brixen and Gurk also took part, Adalbert was absent first and appeared very late. Adalbert subsequently declared himself ready to recognize a composite court to clarify his claims to power, asked for time to think again, but secretly left the city the following night.

Robbed of his mainstay by the abdication of his father and greatly hindered in his ability to act by the cardinal legate Konrad I von Wittelsbach , Adalbert still managed to drag his case until May 1174, when he was finally dismissed by the ruling of the Prince's Court in Regensburg. First provost Heinrich von Berchtesgaden was made Archbishop of Salzburg by the emperor , but he was not recognized by the Pope. Alexander III continued to stick to Adalbert and summoned him to Venice in 1177 so that he could answer the charges brought against him by the Salzburg clergy. But in the end the Pope had to give up Adalbert to the Emperor: Despite all Adalbert's efforts, the Peace of Venice determined the deposition of both Salzburg Archbishop Adalbert and his opponent Heinrich. However, Adalbert was offered the prospect of considerable compensation at a later date.

2. Regency

Adalbert lived first with Udalrich von Aquileja , then as provost to Mělník in Bohemia, honored by the pope through the legation, but without influence. But when Konrad (III.) Von Wittelsbach, who was promoted to Archbishop of Salzburg, received the Mainz ore chair, Adalbert was unanimously re-elected Archbishop / Metropolitan on September 19, 1183 with the consent of the Emperor, and he then conscientiously held this office until his death clothed.

The work of Adalbert III.

His reputation is evidenced by the document he obtained from Pope Lucius III. of December 3, 1184 on the confirmation of the privileges of the Salzburg Church and in particular its sovereignty over the diocese Gurk, which is striving for independence . Adalbert intervened in imperial affairs through his successful use for King Richard the Lionheart at the dying (December 26, 1194) Leopold of Austria and through his participation in the election of Philip of Swabia as king (1198). In 1186 he helped his brother Duke Friedrich, who had been driven out of Bohemia by an uprising, to regain power. He probably also intervened in the turmoil that had arisen between his brothers Friedrich, Wladislaw and Premysl in Bohemia in favor of the latter.

Adalbert was at least in charge of his diocese after his revival, but in 1196 he had to forcibly suppress an uprising in the city of Reichenhall and in 1198 to fight with defiant ministerials who allegedly kept him locked in Werfen for a fortnight and forced a settlement.

Adalbert von Böhmen died on April 8, 1200 in Salzburg and was buried in Salzburg Cathedral in front of the St. Andrew's altar.

swell

  • Andreas von Meiller (ed.): Regesta archiepiscoporum Salisburgensium. Regesta on the history of the Salzburg archbishops Konrad I, Eberhard I, Konrad II, Adalbert, Konrad III. and Eberhard II. Vienna 1866 (ND Aalen 1974).

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Adalbert III. of Bohemia  - sources and full texts

This article is based on the above article in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie .

predecessor Office successor
Konrad II of Babenberg Archbishop of Salzburg
1168–1177 		Conrad III. from Wittelsbach
Conrad III. from Wittelsbach Archbishop of Salzburg (2nd)
1183–1200 		Eberhard II of Regensberg
personal data
SURNAME Adalbert III. of Bohemia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adalbertus, Vojtěch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH 1145
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 1200
Place of death Salzburg