Mělník
| Mělník | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Bohemia | ||||
| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Mělník | ||||
| Area : | 2497 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 21 ' N , 14 ° 29' E | ||||
| Height: | 215 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 19,486 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 276 01 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Prague - Česká Lípa | ||||
| Railway connection: | Děčín - Kolín | ||||
| Next international airport : | Prague airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Ctirad Mikeš (ČSSD) (as of 2012) | ||||
| Address: | Náměstí Míru 1 276 01 Mělník |
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| Municipality number: | 534676 | ||||
| Website : | www.melnik.cz | ||||
Mělník [ ˈmɲɛlɲiːk ] (pronunciation: Mjelnieck , German Melnik , older also Melnick ) is a town in the Central Bohemia region in the Czech Republic . The former royal city on the Elbe (Labe), into which the Moldau (Vltava) flows, has been settled since the Neolithic Age. The town was on the 9th and 10th centuries, the main settlement of the Slavic tribe of Pschowanen - that was the place of the castle , the fortified settlement Pšov, the birthplace of King grandmother Ludmilla of Bohemia . Near the city is the legendary mountain Říp , like the king's grandmother .
geography
Mělník is located about 30 km north of Prague at the confluence of the Vltava and Elbe rivers . The city lies on the right bank of the Elbe opposite the confluence of the Vltava. The wine grown in Mělník is the most important wine-growing region in Bohemia ; However, it is not to be confused with the Melniker wine from the Bulgarian Melnik .
history
In the place of the later Mělník there was originally a Slavic castle of the Pschowans . The daughter of the last Pschowan prince Slavibor , the later canonized Ludmilla of Bohemia , was married to the Christian Přemyslid prince Bořiwoj around 880 . After Slavibor's death, his possessions fell to the Přemyslids.
Instead of the older place name “Psow antiquitus”, the new name “Myelnik” appeared at the end of the 10th century. Emma , the second wife of the Bohemian prince Boleslav the Pious , took her widow's seat here. She was the first princess in the empire to have her own coins minted in "Melnic civitas".
The Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl raised Mělník to the royal city in 1274 and granted it Magdeburg city rights . There is evidence of a hospital in front of the city gates for 1328. Emperor Charles IV granted Mělník numerous privileges. Mělník viticulture also goes back to him: he had vines from Burgundy grown on the slopes of the Elbe . In the Hussite Wars , Mělník, which had politically joined the Prague League of Cities, was repeatedly the meeting place of the Utraquists after 1436 .
Mělník was a jointure of numerous widow seat of the Bohemian queens, u. a. the Barbara of Cilli and George of Poděbrady second wife Joan of Rosental . After her death in 1475, Mělník was pledged several times. In 1542 it was owned by Zdislav Berka von Dubá , who had the castle converted into a Renaissance chateau. In 1646 Mělník went to Hermann Czernin von Chudenitz , who did a great job at the Battle of White Mountain and was therefore elevated to the rank of nobility in 1623 and counts in 1627. In 1652 a fire destroyed large parts of the city. The Capuchin monastery , founded in 1750, was dissolved in the course of the Josephine reforms in 1789.
After the Czernin daughter Maria Ludmilla was married to August Anton Lobkowitz in 1753 , the rule and castle Mělník passed to the Lobkowitz family.
The economic development of Mělník, which became the seat of the Mělník district in 1848 , did not begin until the 19th century. In 1874 the city received a railway connection; The first wine school in Bohemia was founded here in 1884.
With the expansion of shipping on the Elbe, a cargo ship port was built in 1897 and the route from Ústí nad Labem to Mělník was channeled at the beginning of the 20th century . The Vltava Canal was also built southwest of the city. In addition to viticulture, mechanical engineering and the food and beverage industry are of economic importance today.
Attractions
- The Mělník castle was rebuilt in the 16th century from a medieval castle in the 17th century under the Czernin changed. The current baroque complex was created by the lords of Lobkowicz .
- The provost church of St. Peter and Paul (Kostel sv. Petra a Pavla) developed from the former castle chapel from the 11th century. The square tower still dates from this time.
- The Prague Gate from the 15th century is the only remaining fragment from the former city fortifications.
- The St. Ludmilla Church dates from 1583.
- The town hall from 1398 was redesigned in baroque style in the last quarter of the 17th century.
- Jewish Cemetery
Mělník Castle over the Elbe
Marketplace
Melnik Ossuary, 1980
Jewish Cemetery
Other structures
In the vicinity of Mělník there is a transmission system for medium waves, which uses a free-standing steel lattice tower as an antenna carrier. This is where the Prague II or Reichssender Böhmen transmitter used to be operated with 60 kW output at 1113 kHz. The RKS Mělník-Chloumek is a powerful transmission system for broadcasting in the medium wave range . A grounded, 152 meter high, freestanding steel lattice tower with a trap antenna is used as the antenna support.
There is also the Mělník power plant near Mělník , which also supplies the town with district heating.
Districts
- Malý Borek
- Chloumek
- Mlazice
- Pšovka
- Rousovice
- Vehlovice
After 1921 the communities Mlazice (Mlasitz), Pšovka (Schopka) and Rousovice (Rausowitz) were incorporated, after 1945 the community Vehlovice (Wehlowitz) followed.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Ludmilla of Bohemia (around 860-921)
- Johann Heinrich of Luxembourg (1322-1375)
- Karl Tschuppik (1876–1937), journalist, publicist and editor
- Viktor Dyk (1877–1931), writer, politician and lawyer
- Otakar Jaroš (1912–1943), officer
- Jan Palach (1948–1969), student
- Pavel Verbíř (* 1972), football player
- Rudolf Kraj (* 1977), boxer
- Václav Drobný (1980–2012), football player
Further
- Jakub Horčický z Tepence (1575–1622), Bohemian physician
- Jiří Jan Lobkowicz (* 1956), Czech politician
- Barbara von Cilli (around 1390–1451), wife of Emperor Sigismund, died in Melnik
- Anton Adalbert Hnogek (1799–1866), dean in Melnik
- The Ukrainian writer couple Wassyl Koroliw and Natalena Korolewa spent the last years of their lives in the village
partnership
-
Wetzikon , Switzerland - since 1991 -
Oranienburg , Germany - since October 7, 1974
Population development
| year | Residents | German | Czechs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 6,994 | 39 | 6,933 |
| 1910 | 9,180 | 26th | 9,127 |
| 1921 | 9,973 | 44 | 9,871 |
| 1930 | 11,537 | 104 | 11,257 |
| 1970 | 15,497 | - | - |
| 2004 | 19,177 | - | - |
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 370-371.
- Erhard Gorys : DuMont art travel guide Czech Republic. Culture, landscape and history in Bohemia and Moravia. DuMont, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-7701-2844-3 , pp. 124-126.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
