1200
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Calendar overview 1200
Map with all linked sites: | 1200 | |
|---|---|
 Wolfram von Eschenbach begins the Parzival knight epic . |
 song of the Nibelungs was written around 1200 . |
| 1200 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 648/649 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1192/93 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1743/44 (southern Buddhism); 1742/43 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 64th (65th) cycle
Year of the metal monkey庚申 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Sheep 己未) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 562/563 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 578/579 |
| Islamic calendar | 596/597 (New Year 11/12 October) |
| Jewish calendar | 4960/61 (September 10-11) |
| Coptic calendar | 916/917 |
| Malayalam calendar | 375/376 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1510/11 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1511/12 (New Year October) |
| Spanish era | 1238 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1256/57 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
- around 1200: Around 10 million people live in Germany . There are around 1,000 villages with 200–250 inhabitants each.
- around 1200: Paris has about 50,000 inhabitants.
France / England
- January 2nd : In the Peace of Péronne between the French King Philip II August and Count Balduin IX. of Flanders latter receives its conquests in Artois confirmed. On February 23rd, Baldwin begins preparations for a new crusade .
- May 22nd : In the Treaty of Le Goulet , King Philip II of France and the English King John Ohneland are reconciled . In the treaty, the French king accepted John as heir of the land possessions of the Angevin Empire . In return, John recognizes the French king as his liege lord for his possessions in France. He has to cede some border areas of his empire such as the county of Évreux , most of the Vexin and the Berry to the French king. In return, Johann's nephew Arthur has to give up his inheritance claims and take the oath of fief to his uncle as Duke of Brittany . A marriage confirms the agreement: Philip's son Ludwig is betrothed to Blanka von Kastilien , a niece of Johann. Blanka brings the gentlemen Châteaudun , Issoudun and Graçay into the marriage, which is already concluded the next day.
- August 24 : Following the cancellation of his marriage to Isabel of Gloucester John Lackland married in Angoulême , aged twelve, Isabella of Angoulême , actually since the spring with Hugo IX. von Lusignan is engaged.
- October 8 : Archbishop Hubert Walter crowns Isabella of Angoulême as Queen of England at Westminster Abbey .
- December 28th : King Canute VI. enacts the manslaughter law, which regulates the penalties and recourse for manslaughter This law is one of the demonstrably earliest enactments of royal legislation in Denmark .
Africa
- around 1200: The West African kingdom of Jolof is founded.
South America
- around 1200: The Inca found the city of Cusco . Manco Cápac is the first (mythical) ruler.
First documentary mentions, city rights and castles
- Nuremberg receives city rights .
- Gonten , Mattwil , Scharans and Ulmiz are first mentioned in a document.
- 1200: Construction of Lockenhaus Castle , Castle Frauenfeld , Castle Ramsberg (Donzdorf) , Castle Rethmar and Ried Castle .
economy
- around 1200: The burgraves of Dohna coin the first silver bracteates .
- around 1200: The statutes of the Knudsgilde in Flensburg are recorded in Danish. The model is the already existing Knudsgilde in the city of Schleswig .
science and technology
- around 1200: The silver pen as a forerunner of the pencil comes into use (see Chronology of Technology ).
Culture
literature
- around 1200: The Ingeborg Psalter for Ingeborg of Denmark is created.
- around 1200: The Nibelungenlied is created.
- around 1200: Hartmann von Aue composes the first Middle High German Arthurian novels Erec and Iwein .
- around 1200: Wolfram von Eschenbach begins with the Parzival , a knight epic based on a model by the French Chrétien de Troyes .
- Walther von der Vogelweide lives and writes at the court of Philip of Swabia a . a. a 'lamentation' against Pope Innocent III.
- around 1200: Irish-language literature changes from Middle Irish to Early New Irish.
Others
- around 1200: In the Islamic world, the use of Girih tiles enables ornamental constructions of extreme complexity for the first time.
- 1200: In Europe, the game of chess the king jump introduced.
religion
Buddhism
- Jufuku-ji , a Buddhist temple of the Kenchō-ji branch of the Rinzai-shū in the Japanese city of Kamakura , is being built to commemorate the first Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo who died last year. The Buddhist monk Eisai is appointedas the first head. Although Eisai is primarily a Zen master, a hybrid of esoteric Buddhism and Zen is primarilypracticedat Jufuku-ji in the first few years
Christianity
- Eberhard von Regensberg becomes Archbishop of Salzburg as the successor to Adalbert III , who died on April 8th . of Bohemia . His election is by Pope Innocent III. initially not recognized.
- October 25 : Konrad I von Wittelsbach , Archbishop of Mainz , dies. The German controversy for the throne shows its effects in the election of his successor : In a double election, Leopold II von Schönfeld is elected by the Staufer party and Siegfried II von Eppstein by the Welfs .
- The Comber Abbey in Wales and the Tinternparva Abbey in Ireland are founded.
- around 1200: Due to the strong position of the Cathars and the expansion of the Waldensians , the heretical currents directed against the church reach a climax of their influence.
- around 1200: The Ormulum , a work of biblical exegesis in Middle English , is written.
Born
Date of birth saved
- January 26 : Dōgen , Japanese Zen master († 1253 )
- October 9 : Isabel Marshal , English nobleman, wife of the German King Richard of Cornwall († 1240 )
- October 28 : Ludwig IV , Landgrave of Thuringia and Count Palatine of Saxony († 1227 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Alix von Thouars , Duchess of Brittany († 1221 )
- Beatrijs of Nazareth , Flemish mystic († 1268 )
- Jona Gerondi , Catalan rabbi and moralist († 1263 )
- Johanna , Countess of Flanders and Hainaut († 1244 )
- Philippa Mareri , Italian abbess and founder of the monastery († 1236 )
Born around 1200
- Albert of Pisa , Italian Franciscan († 1240 )
- Albertus Magnus , Dominican theologian, philosopher and natural scientist († 1280 )
- Arnulf von Löwen , Flemish Cistercian abbot and poet († 1250 )
- Bartholomaeus Brixiensis , Italian canon lawyer († 1258 )
- Bartolomeo di Breganze , Bishop of Vicenza († 1270 )
- David von Augsburg , German Franciscan and theologian († 1272 )
- Alexis Falconieri , Italian saint, founder of the order († 1310 )
- Haymo von Faversham , English Franciscan and scholar († 1243 )
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr , Welsh Prince of Gwynedd († 1244 )
- Heinrich I von Rusteberg , Bishop of Hildesheim († 1257 )
- Hugo von Saint-Cher , Dominican, cardinal, advisor and diplomat and Bible commentator († 1263 )
- Irene Laskarina , Byzantine princess, Empress of Nikäa († 1241 )
- Irmengard near Rhine , Margravine of Baden († 1260 )
- Johann I von Brakel , Bishop of Hildesheim († 1260 )
- Luke of Padua , disciple of St. Francis of Assisi († 1285 )
- Mafalda of Portugal , Queen of Castile and nun († 1257 )
- Matthäus Paris , English historian († 1259 )
- Peter , Count of Vendôme († 1249 )
- Rudolf von Ems , German epic poet († around 1254 )
- Ulrich von Liechtenstein , Middle High German poet and minstrel († 1275 )
- Jacques Pantaléon, under the name Urban IV Pope († 1264 )
- William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby , English magnate († 1254 )
Died
Date of death secured
- January 13th : Otto I , Count Palatine of Burgundy (* 1170 )
- February 2 : Albrecht II of Cuyk , Bishop of Liège (* around 1134 )
- February 13 : Stefan Nemanja , Serbian Großžupan
- April 8 : Adalbert III. of Bohemia , Archbishop of Salzburg (* 1145 )
- April 23 : Ekkehard , Bishop of Gurk
- May 25 : Nicholas I , Prince of Mecklenburg
- June 4th : Heinrich I , regent of the county of Arnsberg (* around 1128 )
- June 21 : Prepodobna Anastasija Srpska , Serbian Orthodox Saint
- October 25 : Konrad I. von Wittelsbach , Archbishop of Mainz, Cardinal Bishop (* around 1120 - 1125 )
- November 16 : Hugo von Lincoln , Bishop of Lincoln (* 1140 )
- December 20th : Adélaïde de Toulouse , Vice Countess of Béziers and Carcassonne
- December 20th : Gilbert Hérail , Grand Master of the Templar Order
Exact date of death unknown
- Hermann von Ortenburg , counter-bishop of Gurk (* 1147 )
- Mercadier , French mercenary leader
- Sigurd Lavard , Norwegian general of the Birkebeiner, son of King Sverre
- Zhu Xi , important neo-Confucian of China (* 1130 )
Died around 1200
- Alber von Windberg , Bavarian clergyman and poet
- Bruno III von Berg , Archbishop of Cologne (* before 1155)
- Dietrich I. , Count zu Wied
- Heinrich von Veldeke , Middle High German poet (* around 1150 )
- Nigellus de Longchamp , English Middle Latin poet and satirist (* around 1130 )
Web links
Commons : 1200 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
- Article: “The Secret of the Girih” in Spektrumdirekt
- Meister Eckhart and his time: Lamentation , Hugo Ripelin