Stefan Nemanja

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Dominion of Stefan Nemanja 1184

Stefan Nemanja (* after 1113 in Zeta , today Ribnica near Podgorica ; † February 13, 1200 in Hilandar ) was a Serbian Großžupan . He was the second-born son of Zavida and a brother of Tihomir . He ruled from 1167 to 1196 as the Serbian Großžupan over Raszien , Zeta and the coastal countries . Stefan Nemanja, originally just Nemanja , was the founder of the Nemanjić dynasty or Nemanjiden , probably the most important Serbian dynasty .

Life

Stefan Nemanja, originally just Nemanja, was the founder of the Nemanjić or Nemanjiden dynasty . As a prince, he adopted the name Stefan as an honorary name and was to become the honorary name of all kings from the house of the Nemanjids. It is uncertain whether Nemanja was his maiden name or whether he also got the name. According to tradition, his father Zavida baptized him with this name during his exile. On the other hand, Nemanja was considered very pious throughout his life, so that the thought arose that Nemanja might have given himself this name at some point.

Even in her youth, Nemanja showed himself to be ambitious and power-conscious, and aroused the anger of his brothers because of his idiosyncratic and arbitrary behavior. After the overthrow of his older brother Tihomir, he became Grand župan Rasziens . He and his wife Ana had three sons: Vukan , Stefan and Rastko or Sava from Serbia . Nemanja was baptized as a Roman Catholic Christian, and when exactly he converted to the Orthodox Church is controversial. With Nemanja, the tradition of the Nemanjids as monastery donors began, the most important monastery foundation in Nemanja was the Studenica monastery .

Raszien 1190

Nemanja initially remained loyal to Byzantium , but dared an uprising from 1183 to 1190 and, with the help of Hungary, conquered Eastern Asia, Zeta including the city of Shkodra , the city of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor of the same name , parts of Bulgaria and Macedonia . Only Dubrovnik could withstand his attacks. In Niš , Nemanja met Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa in 1189 , who went on the Third Crusade via Niš along the Via Militaris to Asia Minor . The armies conquered Sofia .

Furthermore, Nemanja Barbarossa pledged full support against Byzantium, and thus deepened his conflict with the Byzantine emperor Isaac II. After the peace agreement between Isaac and Barbarossa on February 14, 1190 in Hadrianopolis , Isaac's army attacked the Serbs and Bulgarians allied with Barbarossa . Nemanja was defeated in the battle of the Morava in 1190 , but Isaac offered mild peace conditions and continued to tolerate Serbian autonomy. Nemanja had to give Sofia, Skopje , Prizren and Niš back to Byzantium, the tolerance of the autonomy meant de facto recognition of the independence of Serbia .

Stefan Nemanja retired to Mount Athos in 1197 as a monk Simeon and had the abandoned Greek monastery Hilandar renewed there with his son Sava from 1198 to 1199 , where he died in 1200. After his death, the bones were transferred to the Studenica monastery, which he had chosen as a resting place during his lifetime, and buried on the south wall. The Orthodox Church declared him a saint. Stefan Nemanja was followed by his second-born son Stefan , called Nemanjić or the first crowned.

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Commons : Stefan Nemanja  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Tihomir Großžupan of Serbia
1167–1196 		Stefan Nemanjić
personal data
SURNAME Nemanja, Stefan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Serbian Großžupan
DATE OF BIRTH after 1113
PLACE OF BIRTH Duklja , Principality of Zeta
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1200
Place of death Hilandar