Monarchs of ancient Serbia
Early Serbia
The first dynasty , which ruled Serbia somewhat independently, went back to Vlastimir , son of Prosigoj, which is why this dynasty is called that of Vlastimirović. This in turn possibly came from the first early leaders, under whom the Serbs colonized the Balkan Peninsula . But these leaders or spans of the Serbs are still unknown today. Later traditions mention the following Župane :
- A Serbian archon is named who led the Serbian tribes at the time of the great migration of peoples in Europe and colonization of Southeast Europe during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Herakleios (610-641). This archon is said to have lived until around 680.
According to the reports of the Byzantine emperor and historian / chronicler Constantine VII. Porphyrogennetos in the 10th century ruled before Vlastimir:
- Višeslav (great grandson of the unspecified first archon), around 780
- Radoslav (son of Višeslav)
- Prosigoj (son of Radoslav)
Vlastimirović (approx. 825–950)
- Vlastimir (around 825-860)
- Mutimir (around 860-890), shared control of Serbia with his brothers Strojimir and Gojnik
- Strojimir (around 860–890), co-regent under Mutimir, had the first state stamp of an independent Serbia made
- Gojnik (around 860–890), co-regent under Mutimir
- Prvoslav (891-892)
- Petar Gojniković (around 892–917)
- Pavle Branović (around 917–921), vassal of Bulgaria
- Zaharije Prvosavljević (921-924)
924-927 Serbia under Bulgarian rule
- Časlav Klonimirović (around 927–950)
Dioclitia / Zeta
After Serbia was ravaged by the Hungarians, it was under the rule of Byzantium between 950 and 1050. As a result of the Bulgarian and Hungarian devastation, Serbian tribes fled to Croatia and Greece, but most sought protection and security in the mountainous regions of Herzegovina and Montenegro, where the political focus of the tribes also shifted. Around 1040 Stefan Vojislav became a Byzantine archon for the Duklja , in German Dioklitien , today's southern Montenegro and northern Albania.
Vojisavljević (approx. 1040–1131)
- Stefan Vojislav (around 1040-1052)
- Mihailo Vojisavljević , Great Župan (1052-1077) and King (1077-1081)
- Konstantin Bodin (1082–1106)
- Dobroslav (around 1106)
- Kočapar (between 1101 and 1114)
- Vladimir (between 1101 and 1114)
- Đorđe Vojisavljević (1114–1118 and 1125–1131)
Raszien
Urošević (approx. 1080 / 1118–1165)
The Urošević dynasty passed to the Župane Uroš I and Uroš II, under whose government Raszien gained a certain independence from Byzantium.
- Vukan (around 1080–1114)
- Uroš I. (around 1118–1140)
- Uroš II (around 1140–1161)
- Desa (around 1161–1165)
Tihomir follows the Urošević
- Tihomir (1165–1167)
Nemanjiden (Nemanjić) (1167-1371)
- Stefan Nemanja (1167–1196)
- Stefan Nemanjić (1196-1227)
- Stefan Radoslav (1227-1234)
- Stefan Vladislav (1234-1243)
- Stefan Uroš I (1243–1276)
- Stefan Dragutin (1276–1282)
- Stefan Uroš II. Milutin (1282-1321)
- Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski (1321-1331)
- Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan (1331-1355)
- Stefan Uroš V. (1355-1371)
Lazarević (1371-1427)
- Lazar Hrebeljanović (1371-1389)
- Stefan Lazarević (1389-1427)
Branković (1427-1459)
As Serbian princes in Hungary until 1502.
- Đurađ Branković (1427-1456), son of Vuk Branković and nephew of Stefan Lazarević
- Đurađ Branković originally only ruled over parts of Kosovo and North Macedonia, but then had to accept the suzerainty of his uncle Stefan Lazarević. Since his uncle died without heirs, Đurađ Branković was appointed as his successor. He built Smederevo as the last Serbian capital after he had to cede Belgrade to the Hungarians. The Ottoman threat could no longer be stopped.
- Lazar Branković (1456–1458), son of Đurađ Branković
- Stefan Branković (1458–1459), son of Đurađ Branković
- After the last Branković stepped down, this dynasty continued to exist, and when King Matthias Corvinus renewed the Serbian principality in Hungary, the Branković were recognized as Serbian princes as well as rulers (of Ottoman- occupied) Serbia and the Danube countries. See Vojvodina Serbs .
Zeta
Balšić (approx. 1360–1421)
- Balša I (1360–1385), ruled with his sons Stracimir, Đurađ and Balša II. In Dioclitia or Zeta (southern Montenegro and northern Albania).
- With the collapse of the Serbian Empire and the death of the last Nemanjiden, Balša I and his sons claimed the Serbian royal crown and declared themselves kings of Serbia, but this claim to power was not recognized by the other princes.
- Đurađ II. Stracimirović (approx. 1385–1403), son of Stracimir
- Was married to a daughter of the Serbian prince Lazar Hrebeljanović . The Ottomans conquered Skadar (Albanian Shkoder), the most important city in their territory. Though Đurađ II conquered Skadar back, he left it to the Venetians in the belief of an alliance with Venice .
- Balša II. Stracimirović (1403–1421), son of Đurađ II. Stracimirović
- Was involved in armed conflict with Venice, which was now trying to win the Serbian coast. Balša II ordered that after his death the Zeta should be ruled by his uncle Stefan Lazarević. So the Zeta came back to Raszien in 1421.
Zeta / Montenegro
Crnojević (1465 / 81–1528)
The Crnojević in present-day Montenegro first dive in the brotherhood of the Đuraković near Cetinje . Under the Branković dynasty they gained more and more influence in Zeta and were used by the Branković as governors, captains , of the Zeta. With the fall of Serbia in 1459, the situation of the Crnojević was initially unclear, but they were eventually reinstated by the Ottomans as their vassals in Zeta. The Crnojević subsequently took over all state privileges of old Serbia, as the coat of arms the double-headed eagle of the Nemanjids as well as the lion of the Branković, which have remained state symbols of Montenegro to this day. The name Montenegro for the Zeta appeared for the first time among the Crnojević. Montenegro or the Black Mountains, in Serbian Crna Gora, may have been an allusion to the Crnojević surname, which means black people . However, the mountains around Cetinje, where the Crnojević relocated their seat of power, was called Crna Gora as early as the 14th century .
- Ivan I. Crnojević (1465 / 1481–1490)
- After the fall of Serbia, Ivan I. Crnojević had to flee to Venice, but he returned and was able to reign as an Ottoman vassal in 1481.
- Đurađ Crnojević (1490–1496), son of Ivan I. Crnojević
- Moved his seat of power to Cetinje , which from then on became the Montenegrin capital. The seat of the Serbian Orthodox Archbishop for the Zeta, who called himself Archbishop of Cetinje for the next few centuries, was also moved to Cetinje. During the reign of Đurađ Crnojević, the first Serbian printing house was founded in Obod Monastery in 1493, and it was the first Slavic, Southeast European and Orthodox printing house. Đurađ Crnojević himself abdicated in 1496. Due to Ottoman efforts to annex the Zeta, he started an uprising in 1501, but had to surrender to the Ottomans.
- Stefan Crnojević (1496–1498), son of Ivan I. Crnojević
- Was deposed and imprisoned by the Ottomans.
- Ivan II Crnojević or Skenderbeg Staniša (1514–1528), son of Ivan I. Crnojević: After Zeta or Montenegro was ruled directly by the Ottomans for a while, the third son of Ivan I. Crnojević was able to reorganize Montenegro as an Ottoman vassal. To achieve this, he also converted to the Islamic faith and was also known as Skenderbeg Staniša.
Syrmia, Banat, Batschka - Vojvodina
- Beloš , son of King Uroš I of Raszien , was the prince regent of Hungary and ruled over northern Serbia
- Géza II was king of Hungary and son of Jelena, the daughter of King Uroš I of Raszien
- Jovan Nenad , self-proclaimed emperor of Serbia in the first half of the 16th century
See also
swell
- Rodoslovne tablice i grbovi srpskih dinastija i vlastele, Aleksa Ivić (1928), Dušan Spasić, Aleksandar Palavestra and Dušan Mrdjenović (1987/91); Bata, Belgrade, ISBN 86-7685-007-0 (in Serbian).
- The Catholic Encyclopedia (1907), http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13732a.htm