1205
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Calendar overview 1205
Map with all linked sites: | 1205 | |
|---|---|
 dies on the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople . |
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| 1205 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 653/654 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1197/98 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1748/49 (southern Buddhism); 1747/48 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 65th (66th) cycle
Year of the Wood Ox 乙丑 ( at the beginning of the year Wood Rat R) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 567/568 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 583/584 |
| Islamic calendar | 601/602 (turn of the year August 17th / 18th) |
| Jewish calendar | 4965/66 (September 14/15) |
| Coptic calendar | 921/922 |
| Malayalam calendar | 380/381 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1515/16 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1516/17 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1243 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1261/62 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Holy Roman Empire
- January 6th : German throne dispute : After he has turned away from Otto von Braunschweig , the Archbishop of Cologne Adolf von Altena crowns Philipp von Schwaben in Aachen as Roman-German king .
- July 19 : Pope Innocent III. exempts Adolf von Altena from church and declares him deposed as Archbishop of Cologne .
- July 25 : Bruno IV von Sayn is elected Archbishop of Cologne. However, since the majority of the population clings to the deposed Adolf, he has difficulty finding support from the clergy.
Fourth crusade
- March 19 : The Latin emperor Baldwin I and his brother Heinrich are able to repel an attack by the exiled Byzantine emperor Constantine (XI) Laskaris near Adramyttion , the latter killing. His brother Theodor I. Laskaris was then proclaimed emperor that same year.
- Byzantine nobles offer the Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan the imperial crown if he takes action against the Latin Empire. This then occupied the city of Adrianople .
- March 29th : Crusaders of the Latin Empire begin the siege of Adrianople.
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- April 14th : Battle of Adrianople : Bulgarians under Kaloyan defeat the besiegers of the Latin Empire under Baldwin of Flanders . Emperor Baldwin is captured and blinded. He dies in Bulgarian captivity in Tarnowo . The Venetian doge Enrico Dandolo escapes, but is so badly wounded in the battle that he dies in Constantinople on June 5th .
- Since the fate of Baldwin is unknown, his brother Heinrich is made regent.
- Kaloyan conquered large parts of Thrace during the summer . A rebellion in Philippople under Alexios Aspietes is bloodily suppressed in June.
- Early summer: The Frankish knight Wilhelm von Champlitte lands together with Gottfried I von Villehardouin on the west coast of the Morea ( Peloponnese ). They occupy Patras and Andravida , Corinth and Argos . Wilhelm defeats local Greeks in the battle in the olive grove of Kountouras and founds the Principality of Achaia .
- August 5th : Pietro Ziani is elected Doge of Venice to succeed Enrico Dandolo .
- The rule of Negroponte on Euboea is established. Boniface de Montferrat entrusts his follower Jacques d'Avesnes to rule the island.
- Theodor I. Laskaris conquered the territories of the self-proclaimed counter-emperor Theodoros Mankaphas around Philadelphia .
Asia Minor
- Kai Chosrau I. sets his underage nephew Kılıç Arslan III. and makes himself Sultan of the Rum Seljuks for the second time . In the same year he attacks the Trapezunt Empire under Alexios I and thus gains access to the Black Sea. Then he begins the siege of the capital Trebizond .
Kingdom of Cyprus / Kingdom of Jerusalem
- April 1st: After the death of Amalrich I , his son Hugo I becomes king of Cyprus . Since Hugo was only ten years old when he ascended the throne , the reign was transferred to his cousin Walter von Montbéliard , a French knight.
- Isabella I of Jerusalem dies shortly after her husband Amalrich. Her daughter from her first marriage, Maria von Montferrat , becomes Queen of Jerusalem at the age of 13. The reign took over Johann von Ibelin , lord of Beirut.
Hungary / Croatia
- May 7th : Through the death of the minor Ladislaus III. , who has been in exile in Vienna with his mother Konstanze von Aragón since the previous year , his uncle Andreas II also becomes formally King of Hungary , Croatia , Dalmatia and Rama .
Other events in Europe
- Franco-English War from 1202 to 1214 : The campaign planned by Johann Ohneland to regain his lands in Normandy fails because the barons refuse to cross the canal with him. Only a small group of mercenaries under William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , eventually sails to La Rochelle and Poitou . Due to the lack of relief from England , the isolated castles of Chinon and Loches had to surrender to the French siege troops by summer .
- November: In the battle of älgarås in Sweden , the defeated House of Sverker under Sverker II. The House of Eric with Erik Knutsson .
- With the death of the Latin emperor Baldwin in Bulgarian captivity, his eldest daughter Johanna becomes Countess of Flanders and Hainaut in her own right at the age of five . Her uncle Philip I of Namur takes over the reign .
science and technology
- around 1205: Al-Jazarī , Arab engineer in the service of the Turkmen Ortoqid , wrote his work on mechanical devices, the Kitāb fī maʿrifat al-Hiyal al-handasīya ( Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices ), also known as Automata in western culture becomes known. The richly illustrated six-part work contains descriptions of the construction and functions of clocks, various vessels for drinking and bloodletting, fountains, pumping stations and other mechanisms such as doors and door locks, but also measuring devices. Among other things, he describes the elephant clock .
Culture
- around 1205: Gottfried von Strasbourg begins his unfinished verse epic Tristan und Isolt .
religion
- Spring: The old and blind Eirik Ivarsson resigns from his position as Archbishop of Norway. The initially reluctant Tore Gudmundsson was chosen to succeed him in the summer .
- The books of the Bible are first divided into chapters by Stephen Langton , Archbishop of Canterbury .
- around 1205: Thomasin von Zerklære is a cleric in the service of the Patriarch of Aquileia , Wolfger von Erla - benefactor Walthers von der Vogelweide and formerly bishop in Passau.
Born
Exact date of birth unknown
- May / June: Beatrix of Swabia (the younger) , Queen of Castile and León († 1235 )
- Azzo VII. D'Este , Margrave of Ferrara († 1264 )
- Batu Khan , Mongolian ruler, founder and Khan of the Golden Horde († 1255 )
- Teodorico Borgognoni , Italian Dominican, Bishop of Bitonto and Cervia as well as surgeon and veterinarian († 1298 )
- Paio Peres Correia , Portuguese knight, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago († 1275 )
- Demetrius of Montferrat , King of Thessaloniki († 1230 )
- Johan I. van der Leede , Dutch nobleman († after 1255)
- Michael II. Komnenos Dukas Angelos , Archon of Epirus and Aetolia († 1266/68)
- Raimund Berengar V , Count of Provence and Forcalquier († 1245 )
- Raziah , Sultana of Delhi († 1240 )
- Song Lizong , Emperor of the Song Dynasty in China († 1264 )
- Sosteneus di Sostegno (Gerardino) , Italian saint, founder of the order († 1282 )
- Walter IV. , Count of Brienne and Jaffa († 1246 )
Born around 1205
- Peter de Montfort , English magnate († 1265 )
- William de Vesci , English nobleman († 1253 )
Died
Date of death secured
- March 8th : Otto I. , Count von Lebenau
- March 19 : Constantine XI. Laskaris , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire in Nikaia (* around 1170 )
- April 1st : Amalrich I , King of Cyprus and Jerusalem (* 1145 )
- April 14th : Garnier de Traînel , Bishop of Troyes
- April 14 : Ludwig , Count of Blois, Chartres and Châteaudun (* around 1171 )
- April 14th : Stephan von Le Perche , French crusader
- May 7th : Ladislaus III. , King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and Rama (* 1199 or 1201 )
- May 29th : Rudolf I , Bishop of Verden
- June 1 : Enrico Dandolo , 41st Doge of Venice (* around 1107 )
- June 14 : Walter III. , Count of Brienne, Prince of Taranto and Count of Lecce
- June: Alexios Aspietes , Byzantine governor and military commander of Armenian origin
- June: Robert de Joinville , French knight
- July 3 : Wilhelm von Saillon , Bishop of Sion
- July 4th : Otto II , Margrave of Brandenburg from the Ascanian family
- July 13 : Hubert Walter , Lord Chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury
- August 8 : Savaric FitzGeldewin , Bishop of Bath and Wells
- August 17th : Ludolf von Kroppenstedt , Archbishop of Magdeburg
- September 2nd : Hugo von Coligny , Burgundian crusader and Prince of Coligny
Exact date of death unknown
- between April 14th and July 20th: Baldwin I , Count of Flanders and Hainaut, Emperor of the Latin Empire (* 1172 )
- Peter de Colechurch , English clergyman and architect
- Heinrich von Hückeswagen , Count of Hückeswagen (* before 1176)
- Hugo IV , Count of Saint-Pol
- Isabella I , Queen of Jerusalem and Margravine of Montferrat (* 1170 )
- Roman , Ruthenian prince, founder of the principality of Halych-Volodymyr (* 1150 )
- Sibylle von Acerra , Queen of Sicily (* 1153 )
- Ulrich von Berg , German nobleman (* 1166 )
Web links
Commons : 1205 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
