April 14th
The April 14 is the 104th day of the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years ), thus remain still 261 days until the end of the year.
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Events
Politics and world events
- 43 BC BC : During the siege of Mutina in the Roman Civil War after the murder of Julius Caesar , Mark Antony intercepts the relief army under consul Gaius Vibius Panza Caetronianus and inflicts heavy losses on him in the battle of Forum Gallorum . The consul is so badly wounded that he dies a few days later. After the supposed victory, however, the troops of Antonius are surprised and defeated by the troops of the second consul, Aulus Hirtius .
- 69 : In the first battle of Bedriacum Vitellius defeats his rival Otho and takes over power in the Roman Empire as the third emperor of the four-emperor year .
- 754 : The Frankish king Pippin the Younger promises Pope Stephan II support against the Longobards under Aistulf in the royal palace Quierzy . He guarantees him the Exarchate of Ravenna and with this Pippin donation lays the territorial basis for the Papal State and thus the secular power of the Pope . In return, he is recognized by the Pope as the legal successor to the Roman Empire .
- 972 : The Roman-German emperor . Otto II marries in Rome about 17-year-old Byzantine princess Theophano , which immediately followed by Pope John XIII. is crowned empress. Politically, this marriage means the recognition of the Ottonian Empire by the Byzantine Empire .
- 1028 : Ten-year-old Heinrich III. from the family of Salian is in Aachen his father at the urging Konrad II. Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne to the Roman-German king crowned.
- 1205 : In the Battle of Adrianople , the Latin Empire is defeated by the Bulgarians under their Tsar Kaloyan . The Latin emperor Baldwin is captured, deported to the Bulgarian capital Tarnowo and interned in the so-called Baldwin Tower .
- 1312 : Friedrich the Freidige , Margrave of Meißen , signs the Treaty of Tangermünde after his capture by Waldemar von Brandenburg . He undertakes to pay 32,000 silver marks and to assign the Lausitz mark , the " land between the Elbe and Elster " and the cities of Hayn and Torgau to the Brandenburg margrave . He also pledged the cities of Leipzig , Oschatz , Grimma and Geithain .
- 1471 : In the Wars of the Roses , King Edward IV of England succeeds in placing Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , who had switched to the side of the House of Lancaster , before he succeeds in uniting with the troops of Margaret of Anjou , and defeats him in the battle of Barnet . "Warwick the Kingmaker" is killed in defeat.
- 1632 : The Battle of Rain am Lech in the Thirty Years' War between the Swedes under Gustav II Adolf and imperial troops under Count von Tilly begins. It lasts until the following day.
- 1639 : In the Battle of Chemnitz , the Swedes under Johan Banér defeat the imperial troops under Matthias Gallas in the Thirty Years' War .
- 1793 : The city of Mainz , the center of the Mainz Republic since March , is surrounded by coalition troops in the First Coalition War. The siege of Mainz begins.
- 1796 : During their Italian campaign , the French under Napoleon Bonaparte and André Masséna win the battle of Dego over an Austro-Piedmontese army corps under Eugène Guillaume Alexis von Mercy-Argenteau . It is Napoléon's third military victory in three days.
- 1816 : In the Treaty of Munich , a state of tension between the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Empire of Austria is resolved. In the Peace of Schönbrunn Austria got back lost territory in exchange for other compensation, Berchtesgaden remains Bavarian.
- 1849 : In the course of the March Revolution of 1848/49 in the Great Reformed Church in Debrecen, Lajos Kossuth declares Hungary's independence from the Austrian Empire and proclaims a republic . This leads to the Hungarian War of Independence .
- 1864 : Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria , proclaimed Emperor of Mexico four days earlier , embarks from Miramare Castle near Trieste on the SMS Novara for Mexico .
- 1864 : Spain blocks the Peruvian port of Callao and opens the Spanish-South American War with it and with the occupation of the Chincha Islands .
- 1865 : The Southerner John Wilkes Booth shoots during a theater performance in Washington DC to US President Abraham Lincoln and then calls the words: " Sic semper tyrannis !" That evening penetrates Booth's co-conspirators Lewis Powell in the house of the Secretary of State William H. Seward , a and injures him badly, but not fatally. Lincoln succumbs to his injuries the following day.
- 1880 : The German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck brings the Samoa bill to the Reichstag . The bill stipulates that the German Reich should take over a guarantee in the interests of Disconto-Gesellschaft, which is to take over the Hamburg trading house of Johan Cesar Godeffroy , which is bankrupt as a result of trading ventures in Samoa . Although the bill was rejected on April 27, it can be seen as the beginning of Germany's official colonial policy.
- 1931 : The large landowner Niceto Alcalá Zamora proclaims a republic in Spain - the second in the country's history . King Alfonso XIII goes into exile in Paris.
- 1945 : A British air raid on Potsdam during World War II kills between 1,000 and 5,000. In the destroyed old town, among other things, the city palace and the garrison church burn down completely.
- 1945 : During the Battle of Vienna in World War II , Social Democrats and Revolutionary Socialists form the Socialist Party of Austria in the Vienna City Hall . Adolf Schärf , later the Austrian Federal President, becomes party chairman. On the same day, the conservative Austrian Workers' Association ( ÖAAB ) is founded in Vienna .
- 1948 : The Ravensbrück trial against those responsible for the Uckermark concentration camp begins before a British military court . The main defendants are the supervisor Ruth Neudeck and the supervisors Elfriede Mohneke and Margarete Rabe .
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- 1975 : The population of the Himalayan kingdom of Sikkim decided by referendum with an overwhelming majority to abolish the monarchy and join India .
- 1988 : The USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) , participating in Operation Earnest Will to protect Kuwaiti tankers from Iranian attacks in the Iran-Iraq war , runs into a sea mine . The ship can be saved, but four days later, in retaliation against Iran, the incident leads to Operation Praying Mantis , the US Navy’s largest sea-based military strike since the Korean War.
- 1988 : The governments of Afghanistan , Pakistan, the Soviet Union and the USA sign several agreements in Geneva , including the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan .
- 1997 : In Tehran , radical students attempt to storm the German embassy after the Iranian government was held responsible for the murder of four Kurdish opposition politicians in the so-called Berlin Mykonos judgment .
- 2007 : In Ankara , millions of people protest on Tandoğan Square during the republic protests against the ruling party AKP and a possible candidacy of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan for the presidential elections .
- 2008 : Berlusconi's center-right alliance consisting of Il Popolo della Libertà , Lega Nord and Movimento per le Autonomie wins the parliamentary elections on April 13 and 14, 2008 by a clear margin.
- 2018 : During the air strike on Damascus and Homs, United States , France and United Kingdom forces bombed Syrian facilities near Damascus and Homs in response to an alleged chemical weapons attack by the Syrian regime on April 7 in the Duma .
economy
- 1803 : The Banque de France in Paris receives the monopoly for the issue of banknotes from the First Consul Napoléon Bonaparte for 15 years .
- 1812 : The Parisian carpenter Cochot applies for a patent for a blind he invented with adjustable slats made of wooden boards .
- 1860 : Eleven days after taking off from Saint Joseph , Missouri, the first Pony Express rider arrives in San Francisco , California.
- 1863 : William Bullock receives a patent in the USA for his web-fed rotary printing press , a further development of the high-speed press .
- 1894 : The first kinetoscope salon opens on Broadway in New York with ten display cases designed by William K. L. Dickson for Edison for viewing films .
- 1900 : The French President Émile Loubet opens the Paris World Exhibition . From the following day, the public in buildings such as the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais can marvel at a trolleybus , escalators and a rolling sidewalk, among other things . The Crimean sparkling wine is also known here. Buildings like Pont Alexandre III and Gare d'Orsay were completed just in time for the World's Fair.
- 1927 : The first Volvo , an ÖV4 , leaves the factory on the Swedish peninsula Hisingen near Gothenburg. At this point in time, the car was largely based on outdated technology.
- 1960 : In the GDR , the collectivization of agriculture is declared complete.
science and technology
- 1789 : The German-British astronomer Wilhelm Herschel discovers six galaxies in the constellation Great Bear , which are now listed as NGC 3738 , NGC 3756 , NGC 3982 , NGC 5473 , NGC 5477 and NGC 5485 .
- 1948 : On the Eniwetok - Atoll begins with the Operation Sandstone third nuclear test series in the United States.
- 1958 : The Soviet Sputnik II satellite , which put the dog Laika into orbit, burns up in the earth's atmosphere after 162 days in space .
- 1961 : By bombarding californium with boron cores by the scientist Albert Ghiorso , Torbjorn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh and Robert M. Latimer is at the Berkeley University a California transition metal discovered that later after the physicist Ernest Lawrence 's name Lawrencium received.
- 1968 : Kosmos 212 , the first of the two unmanned Soviet spaceships to perform an automatic coupling in orbit, is launched.
- 1981 : With the successful landing of the space shuttle Columbia by John Watts Young and Robert Crippen at Edwards Air Force Base in California after two days in space, NASA's first space shuttle mission, STS-1, ends .
Culture
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- 1783 : Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's play Nathan the Wise premiered in Berlin two years after the poet's death. With this, Lessing set a literary monument to his friend Moses Mendelssohn .
- 1883 : The opera Lakmé by Léo Delibes with the libretto by Edmond Gondinet based on the novel Rarahu of Pierre Loti experienced at the Paris Opéra-Comique its premiere .
- 1905 : The world premiere of the comic opera The Reluctant Marriage of Engelbert Humperdinck takes place at the Royal Court Opera in Berlin.
- 1939 : In the United States appears John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath (: German Title Grapes of Wrath ).
- 1945 : The Soviet Academy of Sciences founds the Botanical Garden in Moscow .
- 1951 : The Rennsteig song is sung in public for the first time in the Thuringian town of Hirschbach .
- 1958 : The burlesque opera Titus Feuerfuchs or Liebe, Tücke und Wig by Heinrich Sutermeister , based on the farce with singing Der Talisman by Johann Nestroy , is premiered at the Stadttheater in Basel .
- 1980 : Volker Schlöndorff's feature film The Tin Drum, based on the novel of the same name by Günter Grass , wins the Academy Award for the best foreign language film at the Academy Awards .
- 1989 : Mangal Shobhajatra , a folk parade, organized by art students and teachers from Dhaka University in Bangladesh, takes place for the first time (now an intangible UNESCO World Heritage Site ).
- 1994 : The Chapel Bridge in Lucerne , which was 80 percent destroyed after a fire in August of the previous year, is inaugurated after only four months of reconstruction.
society
- 1758 : Clara , which for years through Europe touring rhinoceros , dies in London. It is the first rhino that has been shown to have survived several decades in captivity.
- 1846 : A group of 33 settlers set out from Springfield, Illinois, heading west towards California. Due to numerous wrong decisions, the so-called Donner Party , which over time has grown to 87 people, leads to a catastrophe in which over a third of the fellow travelers who are surprised by winter in the Sierra Nevada are killed and the survivors only survive through cannibalism Can sustain life.
Disasters
- 1912 : At around 11:40 p.m., the RMS Titanic rams an iceberg in the North Atlantic . The ship of the White Star Line under Captain Edward John Smith sinks within a few hours, 1,514 people are killed.
- 1935 : On "Black Sunday" the worst sandstorm in history occurs in the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains in the American Midwest . By clearing the prairie grass, the soil is exposed to massive erosion . The state of Oklahoma is hardest hit , with many " Okies " having to emigrate.
- 1944 : The British freighter Fort Stikine , loaded with explosives and ammunition, explodes in the port of Bombay . The consequences are 1,500 dead and missing, 3,000 injured, the destruction of 13 ships and total damage of around one billion US dollars.
- 1986 : A hailstorm in the Gopalganj district, Bangladesh , 100 km south of the capital Dhaka , kills 92 people. At 1.02 kg, the heaviest hailstone ever weighed in the world falls from the sky.
- 1994 : Parts of Saxony-Anhalt are hit by severe flooding in the Saale . In the completely flooded town of Schellsitz , the river reaches a level of 6.35 meters.
- 2010 : At least 400 people are killed in an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale in the Tibetan Autonomous District of Yushu in the Chinese province of Qinghai . Another 1000 are injured.
- 2016 : An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 moment magnitude on the Japanese island of Kyūshū kills nine people and injures over 1,100.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
nature and environment
- 1561 : Citizens of Nuremberg see a sky phenomenon that appears like an aerial war between tripartite spheres and cylindrical objects and gradually dissolves in smoke. A leaflet by Hans Glaser describes the event five years later, which is presumably a halo .
Sports
- 1900 : The cycling federations of Belgium, France, Italy, Switzerland and the USA found the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in Paris .
- 1907 : The French cyclist Lucien Petit-Breton wins the first one-day race from Milan to Sanremo . With over 260 kilometers, Milan – Sanremo is considered to be the longest classic one-day race in cycling . In addition, the route is one of the five so-called “monuments of cycling”.
- 1909 : The Degea Sports Association (Deutsche-Auer-Lampengesellschaft, later OSRAM) is founded in Berlin as the first company sports group in Germany.
- 1929 : Under the auspices of Prince Louis II , an automobile race takes place in Monaco for the first time . The Monaco Grand Prix is developing into one of the most famous races in motor racing.
- 1931 : The soccer club FC Granada is founded in Andalusia .
- 1938 : By order of the National Socialist Football Department , the competing Bochum sports clubs Turnverein 1848 , TuS 1908 and Germania 1906 have to merge to form VfL Bochum .
- 1985 : The golf professional Bernhard Langer is the first German to win the Masters tournament in Augusta (Georgia) .
Entries of track and field world records can be found under the respective discipline under track and field .
Born
Before the 18th century
- 216 : Mani , Parthian founder of Manichaeism
- 1126 : Averroes , Spanish-Arabic philosopher, doctor and mystic
- 1204 : Henry I , King of Castile
- 1331 : Johanna Maria de Maillé , French saint of the Roman Catholic Church
- 1336 : Go-Kōgon , fourth Japanese counter-Tennō (north courtyard)
- 1527 : Abraham Ortelius , Dutch geographer and cartographer († 1598 )
- 1572 : Adam Tanner , Austrian Jesuit, Counter-Reformation theologian, professor of theology and witch theorist
- 1578 : Philip III. , King of Spain, Naples and Sicily, as Philip II King of Portugal
- 1595 : Hempo von dem Knesebeck , governor of the Altmark
- 1597 : Georg Lilien , German Lutheran theologian
- 1606 : Juliane von Hessen-Darmstadt , Countess of East Frisia
- 1629 : Christiaan Huygens , Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist
- 1676 : Philipp Ludwig Dreyzigermark , German Protestant clergyman
- 1676 : Ernst Christian Hesse , German Kapellmeister, composer and viol player
- 1689 : Ferdinand Zellbell , Swedish composer
18th century
- 1707 : Daniel Bruckner , Basel clerk and historian
- 1727 : Johanna von Hohenzollern-Berg , heiress of the County of Berg and Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- 1731 : Laurent-Benoît Dewez , architect from the Austrian Netherlands
- 1738 : William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland , British politician and Prime Minister
- 1741 : Momozono , 116th Emperor of Japan
- 1742 : Sophie Reimarus , German pioneer of the Enlightenment
- 1745 : Denis Iwanowitsch Fonwisin , Russian satirist and comedy poet
- 1760 : Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt , German pharmacist, chemist, technical writer and technologist
- 1762 : Giuseppe Valadier , Italian architect, town planner, archaeologist and goldsmith
- 1764 : Firmin Didot , French typographer and writer
- 1764 : Franz Xaver Gewey , Austrian civil servant, actor and writer
- 1765 : Auguste Wilhelmine of Hessen-Darmstadt , Queen of Bavaria
- 1768 : Wilhelm von Dörnberg , Hessian general
- 1769 : Barthélemy-Catherine Joubert , French general
- 1773 : Jean-Baptiste de Villèle , French statesman
- 1775 : Karl Ferdinand Becker , German doctor, scientist, pedagogue and linguist
- 1780 : Joseph von Winiwarter , Austrian lawyer and university professor
- 1784 : Carl Ludwig August Bergius , German civil servant
- 1787 : Jean-Victor Schnetz , French painter
- 1792 : Johann Helfrich Adami , German businessman and Senator from Bremen
- 1792 : Friedrich Bruckbräu , German writer and translator
- 1796 : Frederik Due , Norwegian officer and minister of state
- 1799 : Jacob van Hall , Dutch legal scholar
19th century
1801-1850
- 1802 : Hermann Franck , German writer, esthete and critic
- 1803 : Friedrich von Amerling , Austrian painter
- 1809 : Friedrich Adolph Roemer , German geologist, botanist and lawyer
- 1809 : George Willem Vreede , Dutch legal scholar and legal historian
- 1811 : Félix Le Couppey , French music teacher, pianist and composer
- 1812 : George Edward Gray , British politician (* 1812 )
- 1814 : Henri Lehmann , French painter
- 1815 : Gregor Ata , Lebanese Archbishop
- 1815 : Rudolf von Raumer , German Germanist
- 1818 : Marie von Sachsen-Altenburg , wife of King George V.
- 1831 : Gerhard Rohlfs , German traveler to Africa and writer
- 1832 : Herbert Pernice , German lawyer
- 1833 : Hans Ross , Norwegian linguist
- 1834 : Guglielmo Sanfelice D'Acquavella , Italian cardinal
- 1837 : Ludwig Held , Austrian writer and librettist
- 1842 : Conradin Zschokke , civil engineer, building contractor
- 1843 : Helene Hübener , German writer
- 1843 : Wolfgang Eras , German economist
- 1844 : Eduard Hiller , German classical philologist
- 1844 : Maria Immaculata of Naples-Sicily , Princess of Bourbon and the Sicilies of both
- 1846 : Friedrich Carl Andreas , German Iranist and Orientalist
- 1849 : Sergei Ivanovich Mossin , Russian weapons designer
1851-1900
- 1852 : Maximilian Delphinius Berlitz , German-American language teacher, founder of the "Berlitz language schools"
- 1852 : Henrique Oswald , Brazilian composer
- 1854 : Max Kruse , Berlin sculptor and stage designer
- 1855 : Heinrich Bandlow , German educator and author
- 1856 : Lamartine Griffin Hardman , American politician
- 1857 : Beatrice of Great Britain and Ireland , British princess
- 1857 : Victor Horsley , British physiologist and neurologist
- 1857 : Edgar Stillman Kelley , American composer, conductor, organist, pianist, music critic and music teacher
- 1858 : Harald Friedrich , German painter
- 1858 : Cella Thoma , German painter
- 1862 : Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin , Russian politician
- 1866 : Anne Sullivan Macy , teacher of blind children
- 1866 : Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau , Archbishop of Québec and Cardinal
- 1868 : Peter Behrens , German architect, painter, designer and typographer, representative of modern industrial design
- 1870 : Philipp Jakob Mayer , theologian and vicar general in Mainz
- 1871 : Antonio Paoli , Puerto Rican opera singer
- 1875 : Luigi Carnera , Italian astronomer, discoverer of many asteroids
- 1876 : Emil Molt , German entrepreneur and social reformer, founder of the first Waldorf school
- 1876 : Max Stürcke , German banker
- 1876 : Amédée Tremblay , Canadian organist, composer and music teacher
- 1876 : Curt von Ulrich , German President of the Prussian Province of Saxony
- 1878 : Emil Otto Hoppé , English photographer
- 1879 : James Branch Cabell , American writer
- 1879 : Mario Danieli , Italian entrepreneur and racing car driver
- 1881 : Henryk Grossmann , German-Polish economist and statistician (collapse theory)
- 1882 : Johannes Hatzfeld , Catholic priest, musician and writer
- 1882 : Moritz Schlick , German physicist and philosopher, founder of logical empiricism
- 1882 : Rudolf Watzl , Austrian wrestler in the lightweight class
- 1884 : Horst Platen , German composer, conductor and theater director, as well as broadcasting director of the NORAG subsidiary station Hanover
- 1885 : Adolf Uzarski , German writer, painter and graphic artist
- 1886 : Ernst Robert Curtius , German Romanist
- 1886 : Stanley Ketchel , American world middleweight boxing champion
- 1888 : August Adam , German priest and theologian
- 1889 : Arnold J. Toynbee , British cultural theorist
- 1889 : Karl Schworm , German author and local poet
- 1890 : Scott R. Beal , American assistant director
- 1890 : Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger , German Ministerial Director in the Reich Chancellery
- 1891 : Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar , Indian politician and social reformer
- 1892 : Elisabeth Blochmann , German educator and philosopher
- 1892 : Vere Gordon Childe , Australian archaeologist
- 1893 : Rudolf Attig , German medical officer
- 1894 : Fritz Thiele , German officer
- 1895 : Wiktor Łabuński , Polish-American composer, pianist and music teacher
- 1895 : Anton Reinthaller , Austrian landowner and politician
- 1896 : Paul Coelestin Ettighoffer , German writer
- 1897 : Hein Derichsweiler , German sculptor
- 1897 : Edgardo Donato , Argentine tango musician
- 1897 : Barbara Wootton , British sociologist, economist and criminologist
- 1898 : Harold Stephen Black , American electronics engineer
- 1899 : Josef Oesterle , German politician
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901 : Max Dominicé , Swiss Protestant clergyman
- 1901 : Martin Kessel , German writer
- 1901 : Antonie Strassmann , German actress and sports pilot
- 1902 : Fritz Domina , German pianist, arranger and film composer
- 1903 : Joseph Fassbender , German painter and graphic artist
- 1903 : Bernhard Quandt , German politician
- 1903 : Fritz Schulze , German painter
- 1904 : Matthias Andresen , German politician
- 1904 : John Gielgud , British actor
- 1904 : Hans Schumann , German motorcycle racer
- 1905 : Georg Lammers , German athlete, Olympic medalist
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- 1907 : François Duvalier , Haitian doctor, president and dictator
- 1908 : Erika Menne , German politician
- 1908 : Kurt Ranke , Germanist and folklorist (narrative researcher)
- 1909 : Isabel Aretz , Argentine ethnomusicologist, folklorist and composer
- 1910 : Kurt Feltz , German songwriter
- 1911 : Leo Kowalski , German composer and pianist
- 1912 : Edward Astley, 22nd Baron Hastings , British nobleman
- 1912 : Joie Chitwood , American racing car driver
- 1912 : Robert Doisneau , French photographer
- 1913 : Jean Fournet , French conductor
- 1913 : Werner Wolf Glaser , Swedish composer and professor
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- 1913 : John Howard , American actor
- 1914 : Wilhelm Hahnemann , Austrian and German soccer player
- 1916 : Henning von Arnim , German Chief Finance President
- 1916 : Paul Bürks , German actor, dubbing and radio play speaker
- 1916 : Pehr Edman , Swedish biochemist
- 1919 : Karel Berman , Czech composer and opera singer
- 1919 : Raúl Francisco Primatesta , Archbishop Emeritus of Cordoba and Cardinal
- 1920 : Emilio Colombo , Italian politician
- 1920 : Eduardo Maturana , Chilean composer
- 1921 : Thomas Schelling , American economist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1921 : Gerhard Schürer , Chairman of the State Planning Commission of the GDR
- 1922 : María Luisa Bemberg , Argentine screenwriter, film and theater director
- 1922 : Rolf Hagen , German historian and museum director
- 1922 : Kurt Meßmer , German lawyer, judge at the Federal Fiscal Court
- 1922 : Stella Zázvorková , Czech actress
- 1923 : Erich Auer , Austrian actor
- 1923 : John Caldwell Holt , American author and educator
- 1923 : Roberto Schopflocher , Argentine writer
- 1924 : Philip Stone , British actor
- 1925 : Gene Ammons , American tenor saxophonist
- 1925 : Al Porcino , American jazz trumpeter
- 1925 : Rod Steiger , American actor
1926-1950
- 1926 : Barbara Anderson , New Zealand writer
- 1926 : Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo , Spanish Prime Minister
- 1926 : Helmut Engler , German politician
- 1927 : Hans Helmut Dickow , German actor
- 1927 : Arno Fischer , German photographer
- 1927 : Alan MacDiarmid , New Zealand chemist, Nobel Prize winner
- 1929 : Gerry Anderson , British puppet artist and filmmaker
- 1929 : Chadli Bendjedid , Algerian President
- 1929 : Werner Lamberz , member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the SED in the GDR
- 1929 : Josef Ratzenböck , Austrian lawyer and politician
- 1930 : Raymond Danon , French film producer
- 1931 : Vic Wilson , British racing car driver
- 1932 : Atif Abaid , Egyptian Prime Minister
- 1932 : Loretta Lynn , American country singer
- 1932 : Bernhard Servatius , German lawyer
- 1933 : Kurt Huemer , Austrian singer and actor
- 1933 : Elenita Santos , Dominican singer
- 1933 : Diane Schöler , table tennis player
- 1933 : Morton Subotnick , American avant-garde musician and composer
- 1934 : Gottfried Milde , German lawyer and politician
- 1935 : Erich von Däniken , Swiss hotelier and writer
- 1936 : Ivan Dias , Archbishop of Bombay and Cardinal
- 1936 : Edison Pérez Núñez , Peruvian football referee
- 1937 : Donnie Bowshier , American country and rockabilly musician
- 1937 : Carlo Mattrel , Italian football player
- 1937 : Ryūzō Saki , Japanese writer
- 1938 : Bruce Alberts , American biochemist
- 1939 : Razali Ismail , Malaysian diplomat
- 1939 : Christian Kuhnke , German tennis player
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- 1940 : Julie Christie , British film actress
- 1940 : Peter Petrel , German singer
- 1941 : Landolf Scherzer , German writer and publicist
- 1941 : Ingrid Smejkal , Austrian politician
- 1942 : Valery Nikolayevich Brumel , Soviet athlete
- 1942 : Stuart Craig , British production designer
- 1942 : Valentin Vitalievich Lebedev , Soviet cosmonaut
- 1942 : Elias Rahal , Archbishop of Baalbek
- 1943 : Csaba Fenyvesi , Hungarian sword fencer
- 1943 : Toine Hezemans , Dutch racing car driver
- 1943 : Ferfried Prinz von Hohenzollern , German nobleman and lawyer
- 1944 : Hubert H. Raase , German entrepreneur and football official
- 1944 : Manfred Weber , German soccer player
- 1945 : Matthias Aeschbacher , Swiss conductor
- 1945 : Uwe Beyer , German athlete, Olympic medalist
- 1945 : Ritchie Blackmore , British hard rock guitarist ( Deep Purple )
- 1945 : Eva Wagner-Pasquier , German theater manager and festival director
- 1946 : Abdilatif Abdalla , Kenyan writer
- 1946 : Dietrich Hahn , German journalist and publicist
- 1946 : Christel Irmscher , German artist
- 1946 : Knut Kristiansen , Norwegian jazz pianist
- 1947 : Hortense von Gelmini , German musician, painter and writer
- 1948 : Chester G. Atkins , American politician
- 1948 : Peter Urban , German radio presenter and musician
- 1949 : Steve Arnold , American politician
- 1949 : Peter Bursch , German musician and author
- 1949 : Chas Mortimer , British motorcycle racer
- 1949 : John Shea , American actor
- 1950 : Francis Collins , American geneticist
- 1950 : Péter Esterházy , Hungarian writer
- 1950 : Lester Francel , Colombian weightlifter
1951-1975
- 1951 : Luitpold Prince of Bavaria , Bavarian Prince
- 1951 : Eckhard Bodo Elze , German local politician
- 1951 : Stephan Wald , German cabaret artist, actor and voice imitator
- 1951 : Julian Lloyd Webber , British musician
- 1952 : Udo Voigt , German politician and neo-Nazi
- 1952 : Richard Wawro , Scottish artist
- 1953 : Gabriele Stötzer , German writer and artist
- 1953 : Matthias Frings , journalist, television presenter and writer
- 1954 : Eric Tsang , Chinese actor
- 1954 : Jan Březina , Czech MEP
- 1954 : Katsuhiro Otomo , Japanese comic artist, screenwriter and director
- 1954 : Reimund Korupp , German cellist
- 1955 : Ana Ambrazienė , Lithuanian hurdler
- 1956 : Barbara Bonney , American soprano
- 1956 : Chris Ellis , American film actor
- 1956 : Dieter Lemke , German soccer player
- 1957 : Rolf Åge Berg , Norwegian ski jumper
- 1957 : Lothaire Bluteau , Canadian actor
- 1957 : Michail Wassiljewitsch Pletnjow , Russian pianist, conductor and composer
- 1957 : Tricia Smith , Canadian rower and sports official
- 1958 : Peter Iornzuul Adoboh , Nigerian bishop
- 1958 : Arno Balzer , German journalist
- 1960 : Brad Garrett , American actor, voice actor and comedian
- 1960 : Éric Andrieu , French politician
- 1960 : Norbert Rier , South Tyrolean musician ( Kastelruther Spatzen )
- 1961 : Regina Asendorf , German politician
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- 1961 : Robert Carlyle , Scottish actor
- 1961 : Maximilian Heim , German-Austrian priest monk and abbot of the Cistercian monastery at Heiligenkreuz
- 1963 : Josep Cholo Maragues , Andorran football player
- 1964 : Brian Adams , American wrestler
- 1964 : Jeff Andretti , American racing car driver
- 1964 : Jim Grabb , American tennis player
- 1964 : Gina McKee , British actress
- 1964 : Vinnie Moore , American rock musician
- 1965 : Mechthild Kluth , German athlete
- 1965 : Meta Merz , Austrian writer
- 1965 : Roland Dieckmann , German politician
- 1966 : André Boisclair , Canadian politician
- 1966 : Greg Maddux , American baseball player
- 1966 : Jan Boklöv , Swedish ski jumper
- 1966 : Markus Kurth , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1967 : Jaimz Woolvett , Canadian actor
- 1968 : Anthony Michael Hall , American actor
- 1968 : Filippo Preziosi , Italian engineer
- 1968 : Mike Williams , American singer and writer
- 1969 : Dave Archibald , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1969 : Luc Van Lierde , Belgian triathlete
- 1970 : Jean-Philippe Dayraut , French racing car driver
- 1970 : Richard Sainct , French motorcycle racer
- 1971 : Eugène Afrika , Luxembourg soccer player
- 1971 : Tim Austin , American boxer
- 1971 : Rainald Grebe , German songwriter, actor and author
- 1972 : Christian Decker , German bassist ( Fury In The Slaughterhouse )
- 1973 : Adrien Brody , American actor
- 1973 : Johannes van Overbeek , American racing car driver
- 1973 : Christian Ramota , German handball goalkeeper
- 1974 : Da Brat , American rapper
- 1974 : Marko Mühlstein , German politician
- 1974 : Mr. Oizo , French musician
- 1974 : Laura Tonke , German actress
- 1975 : Amy Dumas , American professional wrestler ( Lita )
- 1975 : Veronika Zemanová , Czech model and porn actress
1976-2000
- 1976 : Georgeta Damian , Romanian rower
- 1976 : Thomas Geierspichler , Austrian wheelchair athlete, Paralympic winner
- 1976 : Françoise Mbango Etone , Cameroonian athlete, Olympic champion
- 1977 : Ben Williams , Australian football referee
- 1977 : Cristiano Zanetti , Italian football player
- 1977 : Erjon Bogdani , Albanian football player
- 1977 : Sarah Michelle Gellar , American actress
- 1978 : Adnan Čustović , Bosnian-Herzegovinian football player
- 1978 : Louisy Joseph , French singer
- 1979 : Sascha Goc , German ice hockey player
- 1981 : Raúl Bravo , Spanish football player
- 1981 : Daniel Embers , German soccer player
- 1982 : Ekaterina Konstantinovna Abramova , Russian speed skater
- 1982 : Renat Abdulin , Kazakh football player
- 1982 : Deen , Bosnian-Herzegovinian singer
- 1982 : Mauro Cetto , Argentine soccer player
- 1983 : Denis Berger , Austrian soccer player
- 1983 : Martin Ziemer , German handball goalkeeper
- 1984 : Sjoerd Ars , Dutch soccer player
- 1984 : Marco Caligiuri , German soccer player
- 1984 : Steven Langton , American bobsledder
- 1984 : Fredrik Larsson , Swedish handball player
- 1984 : Malte Spitz , German politician
- 1984 : Pearl van der Wissel , Dutch handball player
- 1985 : Christoph Leitgeb , Austrian football player
- 1985 : Ken Passmann , German ice hockey goalkeeper
- 1985 : Michal Papadopulos , Czech football player
- 1985 : Olena Kostewytsch , Ukrainian sports shooter
- 1985 : Scott Seiver , American poker player
- 1986 : Reza Askari , German double bass player and composer
- 1986 : Matías Rodríguez , Argentine football player
- 1986 : Margarete Stokowski , Polish-German author
- 1987 : Erwin Hoffer , Austrian soccer player
- 1987 : Ida Odén , Swedish handball player
- 1988 : Kristina Igorewna Asmus , Russian actress
- 1988 : Jan Niklas Berg , German actor
- 1988 : Vasileios Pliatsikas , Greek football player
- 1988 : Andrea Schmitt , German actress
- 1988 : Ratthapark Wilairot , Thai motorcycle racer
- 1989 : Jake Rosenzweig , American racing driver
- 1989 : Živko Živković , Serbian football goalkeeper
- 1990 : Markus Obernosterer , Austrian soccer player
- 1993 : Vivien Cardone , American film actress
- 1994 : Melanie Leupolz , German national soccer player
- 1995 : Niklas Stark , German national soccer player
- 1995 : Julius Nitschkoff , German actor
- 1996 : Abigail Breslin , American film actress
- 1996 : Dennis Olsen , Norwegian racing car driver
- 1998 : Ian Garrison , American cyclist
- 1999 : Anita Simoncini , San Marinese singer
- 1999 : Mattéo Guendouzi , French football player
Died
Before the 15th century
- 344 : Pusei , Persian martyr
- 911 : Sergius III. , Pope
- 1015 : Heribert , abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Münsterschwarzach
- 1070 : Gerhard , Duke of Lorraine
- 1099 : Rapoto V , Count Palatine of Bavaria
- 1109 : Fulko IV , Count of Anjou
- 1128 : Kuno von Michelbach , Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg
- 1146 : Gertrud von Sulzbach , as the wife of King Conrad III. Roman-German queen
- 1197 : Heinrich von Berg , Bishop of Passau and Bishop of Würzburg
- 1205 : Garnier de Traînel , Bishop of Troyes
- 1205 : Ludwig , Count of Blois, Chartres and Châteaudun
- 1205 : Stephan von Le Perche , French crusader
- 1247 : Bernhard IV. Zur Lippe , Bishop of Paderborn
- 1258 : Rüdiger von Bergheim , Bishop of Chiemsee and Bishop of Passau
- 1266 : Rogero di Puglia , Archbishop of Spalato
- 1322 : Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere , English nobleman, military man and rebel
- 1328 : Friedrich Sunder , monastery chaplain in the Dominican convent Engelthal
- 1342 : John de Beaumont, 2nd Baron Beaumont , English nobleman
- 1345 : Richard Aungerville , Bishop of Durham and Lord Chancellor of England
- 1355 : Gerlach II , lord of the city of Limburg
- 1374 : Konrad von Megenberg , German author and scientist
- 1395 : Albert II of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Archbishop of Bremen
15th to 17th century
- 1433 : Lidwina von Schiedam , patroness of the sick
- 1448 : Laurentius von Ratibor , Silesian mathematician and astronomer and theologian, rector at the University of Cracow
- 1471 : Humphry Bourchier, 1st Baron Cromwell , English nobleman
- 1471 : William Fiennes, 2nd Baron Saye and Sele , English nobleman
- 1471 : John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu , English peer and politician
- 1471 : Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , English nobleman and military leader in the War of the Roses
- 1478 : Ulrich Schwarz , councilor and city caretaker in Augsburg
- 1482 : Conrad III. von Pappenheim , Jägermeister under Duke Wilhelm III, ducal councilor and Saxon court master
- 1488 : Hinrich Castorp , mayor of Lübeck
- 1488 : Girolamo Riario , General Captain of the Church, Lord of Imola and Forlí
- 1507 : Endres Tucher , master builder for the city of Nuremberg
- 1517 : Tuman Bay , Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt
- 1532 : Augustin , Bishop of Grasse
- 1552 : Laurentius Andreae , Swedish theologian, statesman and reformer
- 1574 : Heinrich von Nassau-Dillenburg , brother of Wilhelm I of Orange
- 1574 : Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg , Dutch general, brother of Wilhelm I of Orange
- 1578 : James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell , Scottish nobleman and 3rd husband of Mary Queen of Scots
- 1606 : Joachim Scheel , Swedish Imperial Admiral
- 1626 : Gaspare Aselli , Italian surgeon and anatomist
- 1647 : David Auerbach , German theologian
- 1662 : William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele , English nobleman and politician
- 1662 : Leonhard Kern , German sculptor
- 1672 : Friedrich Wilhelm III. , Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- 1682 : Avakum , Russian protopope and one of the founders of the Old Believers' movement
18th century
- 1704 : Johann Adolf von Fürstenberg , Provost of Münster and Paderborn
- 1711 : Louis de Bourbon, dauphin de Viennois , French heir to the throne, son of Louis XIV.
- 1713 : Marcus Fronius , Lutheran theologian
- 1717 : Johann Martin Veith , Swiss painter
- 1721 : Michel Chamillart , French minister
- 1733 : Ippolito Desideri , Italian Jesuit
- 1733 : Marguerite Périer , French nun, niece of Blaise Pascal
- 1734 : Stanislaus Rücker , Prussian excise director and city councilor in Berlin
- 1741 : Paul Heinrich Tilio de Camas , Prussian colonel
- 1746 : Ernst Ferdinand , Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg
- 1747 : Jean Frédéric Ostervald , Swiss Reformed theologian
- 1749 : Balthasar Denner , German painter
- 1759 : Georg Friedrich Handel , German-British Baroque composer and opera entrepreneur
- 1768 : François de Cuvilliés the Elder , German builder and ornament maker
- 1775 : Ernestine Theodora von Pfalz-Sulzbach , prioress of the Carmelite convent in Neuburg
- 1780 : Johann Philipp Ludwig Ignaz von Frankenstein , Würzburg canon
- 1781 : Johann Heinrich Gravenhorst , German businessman and chemist
- 1790 : Josef Meissl the Elder , Austrian architect
- 1792 : Leopold Nicolaus von Ende , Saxon politician and minister
- 1792 : Maximilian Hell , Austrian Jesuit and astronomer
- 1793 : Anton Peter Příchovský von Příchovice , Roman Catholic Archbishop of Prague
- 1799 : Johann Heinrich Jung , German historian
19th century
- 1801 : Ibrahim Khan Kalantar , Grand Vizier of Persia
- 1803 : Christoph Anton von Migazzi , Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal
- 1817 : Kaspar Friedrich von Rentzel , Prussian major general
- 1822 : Friedrich Ernst Jester , German forester and author
- 1829 : Christian August Fischer , German writer
- 1831 : Alexandre Camille Taponier , French general
- 1835 : Richard Courtois , Belgian botanist
- 1839 : Heinrich Christian Funck , German botanist
- 1840 : Christian Heinrich Delius , archivist and historian
- 1842 : Alexandre Aguado , French banker
- 1843 : Joseph Lanner , Austrian composer and violinist
- 1859 : George M. Bibb , American politician
- 1860 : Daniel Wamosy , bookbinder and manufacturer, member of the Hamburg Parliament
- 1870 : Johann Jacob Achelius , German master glazier
- 1870 : Johann Max Tendler , Austrian painter
- 1885 : Vilmos Győry , Hungarian writer and translator
- 1886 : Marie Kerner , German writer
- 1888 : Emil Czyrniański , Polish chemist
- 1888 : Johann Michael von Soeltl , Bavarian historian
- 1891 : Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos , Greek historian
- 1894 : Adolf Edvard Arppe , Finnish chemist and senator
- 1894 : Adolf Friedrich von Schack , German poet, art and literary historian
- 1895 : James Dwight Dana , American geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist
- 1896 : Pierre Meinadier , French politician
- 1897 : Émile Levassor , French automobile pioneer and racing driver
20th century
1901-1950
- 1905 : Halbert E. Paine , American politician and general
- 1906 : Giuseppe Callegari , Italian clergyman, Bishop of Padua
- 1908 : Konrad Furrer , Swiss Protestant clergyman and Palestine researcher
- 1909 : Miguel Juárez Celman , Argentine President
- 1910 : Julius Kühn , founder of university studies in agricultural sciences
- 1911 : Daniel Paul Schreber , lawyer and author
- 1913 : Carl Hagenbeck , animal dealer and zoo director
- 1916 : Gina Krog , Norwegian women's rights activist
- 1917 : William T. Watson , American politician
- 1917 : Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof , founder of the planned language Esperanto
- 1919 : Auguste-Réal Angers , Canadian politician and judge
- 1919 : Phoebe Hearst , American philanthropist, advocate of women's education
- 1923 : Heinrich Eisenbach , Austrian cabaret artist
- 1924 : Roland Bonaparte , French scientist, anthropologist and writer
- 1930 : Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky , Russian poet
- 1931 : Richard Armstedt , German philologist, historian and teacher
- 1934 : Gustav Voigts , German farmer, trader and mayor
- 1935 : Emmy Noether , German mathematician
- 1936 : Georg Wiegner , German agricultural chemist and soil scientist
- 1945 : Albert Vögler , manager, German politician
- 1950 : Ramana Maharshi , Indian spiritual and yogi
1951-2000
- 1951 : Ernest Bevin , British politician
- 1954 : Lil Green , American blues singer
- 1954 : Gilbert Rahm , German clergyman
- 1957 : Kuni Tremel-Eggert , German writer
- 1962 : M. Visvesvaraya , Indian civil and hydraulic engineer
- 1964 : Helge Auleb , German officer
- 1964 : Hans Kayser , German composer and music theorist
- 1964 : Rachel Carson , American zoologist and biologist
- 1966 : George Andrew Lundberg , sociologist
- 1969 : Matilde Muñoz Sampedro , Spanish actress
- 1973 : Karl Kerényi , classical philologist and religious scholar
- 1974 : Philip Pandely Argenti , Greek diplomat, lawyer, genealogist and historian
- 1975 : Fredric March , American actor
- 1978 : Hermann Etzel , German politician
- 1979 : Alfred Loritz , German politician
- 1980 : Gianni Rodari , Italian writer
- 1980 : Toki Zenmaro , Japanese journalist, poet and literary scholar
- 1981 : Sergio Amidei , Italian screenwriter
- 1983 : Pete Farndon , British rock musician
- 1983 : Ernst Schwarz , Sudeten German Germanist and historian
- 1986 : Simone de Beauvoir , French writer, philosopher and feminist ( The opposite sex )
- 1987 : Karl Höller , German composer
- 1989 : Endre Székely , Hungarian composer
- 1990 : Mario Frustalupi , Italian football player
- 1990 : Martin Kessel , writer
- 1992 : Ronnie Bucknum , American racing car driver
- 1994 : Bernt Engelmann , German writer and journalist
- 1995 : Burl Ives , singer and actor
- 1998 : Jake Colhouer , American football player
- 1999 : Nuno Krus Abecasis , Portuguese politician
- 1999 : Anthony Newley , British actor, pop singer and songwriter
- 2000 : Phil Katz , inventor of ZIP compression
- 2000 : Rudolf Widmann , German local and state politician
21st century
- 2001 : Hiroshi Teshigahara , Japanese film director
- 2002 : Paul-René Martin , Swiss politician
- 2003 : Gerda Gmelin , German theater actress
- 2005 : Bernard Schultze , German painter
- 2005 : Benny Bailey , American trumpeter
- 2007 : Ladislav Adamec , Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
- 2008 : Horst Bingel , German writer, poet and graphic artist
- 2008 : Ollie Johnston , American animator
- 2009 : Maurice Druon , French writer and politician
- 2010 : Erika Burkart , Swiss writer
- 2010 : Alice Miller , Swiss writer and childhood researcher
- 2010 : Peter Steele , American musician ( Type O Negative )
- 2011 : William Lipscomb , American chemist
- 2012 : Piermario Morosini , Italian football player
- 2012 : Ernst W. Wies , German historian
- 2013 : Colin Davis , British conductor
- 2014 : Ekkehard Böhmer , German television director
- 2014 : Dieter Klaua , German mathematician
- 2015 : Klaus Bednarz , German journalist
- 2015 : Percy Sledge , American rhythm and blues and soul singer
- 2016 : Dan Ireland , US-Canadian film producer and director
- 2017 : Hein-Direck Neu , German athlete
- 2018 : Arthur Handtmann , German engineer and entrepreneur
- 2018 : Kirk Simon , American film director, producer and writer
- 2019 : Bibi Andersson , Swedish actress
- 2020 : Markus Raetz , Swiss artist
Holidays and memorial days
- Church memorial days
- Simon Dach , German poet (Protestant)
- St. Martin I , Italian martyr and Pope (Orthodox)
- Saint Tiburtius of Rome , Roman martyr (Catholic)
- St. Lidwina von Schiedam , Dutch virgin and patron saint (Catholic)
- Tiburtius Day
- Name days
- Further
- Black Day , South Korea (as a complement to Valentine's Day and White Day )
The list of days of remembrance and action contains further entries .
Commons : April 14th - Collection of images, videos and audio files
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