Kuni Tremel-Eggert

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Kuni Tremel-Eggert around 1920
Kuni Tremel-Eggert as a student in 1896

Kuni Tremel-Eggert (born January 24, 1889 in Burgkunstadt , † April 14, 1957 in Munich ) was a German writer .

biography

Kuni Tremel-Eggert is a pseudonym for Kunigunde Eggert. She was born as the fifth child of the medium-sized master shoemaker Georg Tremel in Burgkunstadt, an early center of the shoe industry on the Upper Main. She had three brothers (Hans, Josef and Paul) and a sister (Barbara). After her mother died in 1900 and her older sister married three years later, Tremel had to run the household alone at the age of 14. This meant that she could only attend Sunday and holiday school.

In January 1914, her father died of a heart attack. Her schoolmates went to war. From these experiences she published her first stories about the Munich Propylaea .

After she was unsuccessful as an actress, she moved to Munich in 1917 with her future husband, Josef A. Eggert, whom she had met in the field hospital , where he worked as a wholesale merchant.

From March 4, 1920 to 1928, she worked for the Munich publishing house Albert Langen . She published numerous novels and short stories. The hoped for success did not materialize, however.

The early Nazi Dietrich Eckart said to her in 1921: “Never write otherwise. Stay true to yourself. Your time will come, if it takes another 10 years. ”He was right, because after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, the writer's works gained popularity. In retrospect, she said: "Before 1933 there was neither understanding nor space for me and my kind."

On January 18, 1944, her son Günter fell on the Eastern Front , after the end of the Second World War her house in the Menterschwaige villa colony in Munich was confiscated and Tremel-Eggert was accused of anti-Semitic agitation and sentenced to writing forbidden . She appealed on appeal, but became seriously ill.

Tremel-Eggert died on April 14, 1957 in Munich. At her own request, she was buried in her birthplace in Burgkunstadt, Bavaria .

Working under National Socialism

Because Tremel-Eggert wanted to hold a reading planned for the summer of 1933 in the Kutscher circle only to the exclusion of the Jewish students, it was canceled at short notice by the organizer Artur Kutscher , who did not want to comply with this request.

Her greatest literary success was the novel Barb in 1933 . Novel by a German woman , which was published by the National Socialist Eher Verlag and sold over a million times. The novel, set from 1912 to 1933, describes the life of Barb Vonberg:

“The reader accompanies her on her way through her youth in the small Franconian town of Schlettstedt, through her marriage and the move to Munich to starting a family. Contemporary events and phases such as the First World War, the post-war years and inflation as well as the beginning of the 'Third Reich' are integrated into the plot and play an important role. "

In contrast to her first national folk novels, Barb (and the following texts) clearly show a political and ideological orientation that exposes the work as Nazi propaganda literature. In keeping with the Nazi ideology, the protagonist sees her destiny in the role of wife, housewife and mother. The last chapter in particular, according to Weber (2015), is bursting with "Propaganda kitsch: Barb sews a swastika flag with her family in a cozy, homely atmosphere."

Further prose works appeared in the party publisher, but they did not come close to the success of the Barb novel.

In a letter (1936) to Julius Streicher , the Gauleiter of Franconia and editor of the anti-Semitic weekly newspaper " Der Stürmer ", Tremel-Eggert speaks of a new edition of Barb and also points out that, despite her literary success and her ties to the government had not yet been invited to an official lecture evening in Nuremberg. Tremel-Eggert's ideological closeness to the regime was also expressed in the fact that she applied for membership in the NSDAP on July 29, 1937. According to her own statements, she was also a member of the Reichsschrifttumskammer (RSK), since 1934/1935 of the NS-Frauenschaft (NSF), since 1938 of the NS-Volkswohlfahrt (NSV), since 1939 of the Reichsluftschutzbund (RLB) and the German Labor Front (DAF).

In 1938 she published the novel Freund Sansibar in Eher-Verlag . A novel from our day , which, as a prime example of blood and soil literature, contains even more of National Socialist ideas than the Barb novel. Weber (2015) summarizes the plot as follows:

“The young Pankratz Ott returns to his home in the Franconian Jura after the end of the World War, where he [...] initially [ekes out] a more or less sad existence. But one day he gets a visit from his old childhood friend Titus Pfautsch, known as Zanzibar. This has joined the National Socialists and tries to win people for it all over the country. Finally he succeeds in convincing more and more villagers of the cause of the 'Führer' - including Pankratz. "

As in Barb , the “Third Reich” represents the auspicious end point of an arduous journey for the protagonist. Ignaz, who is endowed with anti-Semitic stereotypes (money, sexual greed) and is increasingly exposed to anti-Semitic statements and actions, serves as a counter-figure. The agitation against him reaches its climax in a speech by Zanzibar in which he describes the Jews as “boils in the body of the people [...] from which all misfortune, all misery, all misery, hardship, death and war wells. [...] People's hair stand on end with horror - but he's right. He's right a thousand times. "

The publication of the novel Meister Eibenschütz , written between 1939 and 1942, was rejected by the National Socialist Eher-Verlag . As reasons he cited the recognizable Catholic motives in the novel and the protagonist's sympathetic behavior towards Jews. Since the work has not yet been examined, according to Weber (2015), no judgment can be made about the position represented in Meister Eibenschütz regarding the race question. What is certain is that the rejection of the manuscript had serious consequences for Kuni Tremel-Eggert, who was celebrated as a bestselling author, as far as her writing career was concerned.

denazification

In the course of the Liberation Act of March 5, 1946, Tremel-Eggert gradually admitted her membership in the NSDAP , the Reichsschrifttumskammer , the NSF , the RLB , the NSV and the DAF in the registration form as well as in the questionnaire and a later letter to the military government . She herself assigned herself to group V of the exonerated and denied any political activity in the first police interrogation: “I always appeared as a German homeland poet and read my Franconian stories. This had nothing to do with any political affairs. ”After she had been classified in group IV of followers by the court in 1948 due to the submission of numerous Persil notes and the use of her lawyer Max Weiler , the main plaintiff appealed because of the anti-Semitic novel Freund Zanzibar was not included in the assessment. He called for the writer to be classified in group II of the incriminated. Once their chances of rehabilitation were a long way off, their new lawyer Dr. Oskar Möhring that the Tremel-Eggert Appeals Chamber downgraded from group II of those charged to group IV of followers at the hearing on May 17, 1950 and obliged to pay an atonement of 1,500 DM. However, when giving reasons for its decision, the Appeals Chamber got entangled in contradictions, according to Weber (2015). The Chamber reduced the amount of atonement to 100 DM in November 1950 after Möhring had demanded that the fine be lifted, referring to the financial situation of his client.

Last years

It can be assumed that Tremel-Eggert worked on the new edition of her Barb novel in the last years of her life, which were marked by serious illness . In the new final chapter, the years of Nazi rule are presented as a disastrous time.

Others

In the Soviet occupation zone , Tremel-Eggert's friend Sansibar ( Eher , Munich 1938) and in the German Democratic Republic her Barb (Eher, Munich 1934) were placed on the list of literature to be sorted out.

controversy

Honoring the author on the 50th anniversary of her death in her hometown of Burgkunstadt sparked controversy. Critics demanded that Kuni Tremel-Eggert should not receive any appreciation because of her anti-Semitic writings. The city of Burgkunstadt defended the honor by saying that Tremel-Eggert was only honored for her non-anti-Semitic works.

Honor

One street in Burgkunstadt bears the author's name.

Fonts

Books

  • The Rotmansteiner. Roman from Franconia. Munich: Langen 1921
  • Sanna Pointed Arrow. Novel. ibid. 1922
  • Fazer Rapps and his tormentors. An ore ad Frankenland. ibid. 1923
  • The road of life. A mother's fate. Novel. ibid. 1928
  • Barb. The novel by a German woman. Franz-Eher-Verlag , Munich 1934; last, 54th edition 1942 (approx. 1 million)
  • Sunny home. Stories. ibid. 1935
  • The smith of Haßberg. Novel. ibid. 1937
  • Friend Zanzibar. Novel from our day. ibid. 1938

stories

  • Monkeys at the Christmas market. In Garmisch-Partenkirchener Tagblatt dated December 24, 1938.
  • Old Peter.
  • The Bärnikel.
  • Farmer in the desert.
  • At home with us.
  • The pretzel boy. In: Münchner Zeitung of September 26, 1930.
  • The Butterhex. In: Fränkischer Kurier from June 26, 1929
  • A small town in Upper Franconia. After Kuni Tremel - Eggert arrangement by v. Konrad Kugler. In: My Upper Franconia. H. 2. Bayreuth: Gießel 1926. 38 p. (The material for this booklet was provided by the two books: “Die Rotmansteiner” and “Fazer Rapps und seine Teiniger”).
  • Origin of my books
  • First theatrical impressions.
  • The rafting world. In: Fränkischer Kurier from January 10, 1930.
  • The woman as a poet.
  • The Friesenhof.
  • The secret.
  • The Greinera.
  • The big prize.
  • The harper and his wife.
  • Saint Florian. In: Rheinisch-Westfälische Zeitung of June 20, 1926.
  • Home and poetry.
  • Cheerful Franconia. In: The Voice of Franconia. 25th year d. "Franconian homeland." No. 2, March / April 1959, 5. 29-30
  • This is my first time to see monkeys. In: Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung of January 5, 1939.
  • Your Sunday walk.
  • In the devil's hole.
  • Italy trip.
  • Carousel of work.
  • Little Hans and his father. In: Propylaea of ​​May 7, 1915. First story by the author! Munich, 1915.
  • Little Miss Irma.
  • Mr. Kolmes and his shadow.
  • My first big trip.
  • My first declaration of love. In: Munich Latest News from June 16, 1928
  • Michel the fire fighter.
  • Motherhood.
  • The nest of the cuckoo children. A story d. purest love ad Franconian. In: The contemplation. Ax. d. Munich Latest News from April 27, 1930.
  • New time in Poppenreuth.
  • The trumpet slide.
  • Philipp Stirnweis.
  • The red Gina.
  • Around the Staffelberg. In: Munich Latest News from November 11, 1929
  • Shepherd Mendel.
  • Sharmizela.
  • The beautiful May tree.
  • Schwarza Hex. In: Bayreuther Tagblatt from January 24, 1959.
  • The strange soup. A true story from Germany's famine time. In: Bamberger Tagblatt from December 1, 1929.
  • The family tree.
  • God's punishment at the bill.
  • The licorice Kasper.
  • The tambour.
  • The opposite relationship. In: Munich Latest News from December 12, 1929.
  • And the child has red hair ... In: The narrator at the hall. Weekly hatchet. of the "Hofer Anzeiger", No. 48/1929.
  • The prevented wedding. In: Leipziger Latest News from June 18, 1932.
  • The traitor.
  • What saved Fehnsmichel.
  • The Prächting Weckel.
  • Tired of love.
  • Wild blood. A village story from Franconia. In: The Sunday Courier. Ax. d. "Franconian Courier" of December 7, 1930.
  • The sausage scraper. In: Magdeburgische Zeitung of January 18, 1939.
  • The Zegela.
  • Zenoberus, what are you doing there? In: Fränkischer Kurier of July 11, 1929.
  • Carpenter Petri.
  • The tip.
  • For book week.

Unprinted manuscripts

  • Gertrud Eibenschütz. The story of a happy childhood. 320 pp.
  • The good game. Novel. 260 pp.
  • Every day is only once. Novel. 331 pp.
  • Johanna tower. Novel. 400 pp.
  • The power of love. A serious game with a good outcome In 4 acts. 1934.
  • Master Eibenschütz. Novel. 435 pp.
  • The scales of fate. Novel. 490 p

literature

  • Kuni Tremel-Eggert: Barb. The novel by a German woman . Munich: More like 1934.
  • Kuni Tremel-Eggert: friend of Zanzibar. Novel from our day . Munich: More like 1939 [first 1938].
  • Christian Adam: Reading under Hitler: authors, bestsellers, readers in the Third Reich. Galliani, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86971-027-3 , p. 271 ff.
  • R. Bayer: Munich poet today, 17, Kuni Tremel Eggert. Ed. Unknown
  • Book studies, 11th episode 1936: Kuni Tremel-Eggert. Published by the Reich Office for the Promotion of German Literature in 1936
  • Wolf Braumüller: Kuni Tremel-Eggert, Barb, The novel of a German woman. In: Weltstimmen, Menschen, Books and Fates in Outlines . Issue 7, July 1934, Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1934, pp. 269-273.
  • Karl Fuß: Kuni Tremel-Eggert. In: The Franconian Confederation. A magazine for Franconian art and culture . Born 1926, Issue 3/4 Würzburg 1926, pp. 166–168.
  • Kuni Tremel-Eggert, wrote from "the liveliest sense of home". World and life picture of the poet. In: Obermain-Tagblatt from February 27, 1981. Lichtenfels 1981
  • Kuni Tremel-Eggert 1989–1957. A forgotten Franconian author. With a contribution by Richard Kerling. Edited and compiled by Herbert Schwarz. With 4 illustrations. Kronach: District and Car Library 1990, 47 pp.
  • Kuni Tremel-Eggert, never a Nazi bard. The lecture also examined critical positions in literary historiography. In: Obermain-Tagblatt p. 8, No. 24/1989 Lichtenfels 1989
  • Richard Kerling: Comments on Kuni Tremel-Eggert's life and work with special consideration of her view of the world and people. In: Kuni Tremel-Eggert 1889–1957. A forgotten Franconian author. Kronach: District and Car Library 1990, pp. 1–35.
  • Richard Kerling: The presentation of our home region in Kuni Tremel Eggert's Franconian Forest novel: Sanna Spitzenpfeil. In: The district of Kronach in the present and history, Volume 1 of the series of publications on the school project FWG Kronach October 2001, pp. 108–125.
  • Richard Kerling: Literature in the Province, 2.3. Native storytellers in the five decades after the First World War. Kuni Tremal Eggert. In: Reprint, in the upper Main Valley on the Jura at Rodach and Itz, 150 years of Kreissparkasse Lichtenfels
  • Richard Kerling: Poetic from old Weismain, Kuni Tremel-Eggert. In: Weismain. A Franconian town on the northern Jura, Volume 2, edited by Günter Dippold, Dechant Bau GmbH, Weismain 1996, pp. 250-252.
  • Ernst Klee : "Kuni Tremel-Eggert". In: Ernst Klee: The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . S. Fischer, Frankfurt 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 .
  • Karl Meier-Gesees: Kuni Tremel-Eggert in memory. In: Frankenheimat. Supplement to the “Bayreuther Tagblatt”, No. 7/1957, pp. 25–31.
  • Karl Heinz Oswald: The CHW will present Kuni Tremel-Eggert on Saturday. A poetic fried fish met with a lot of feedback. But it didn't come out unscathed from the Nazi era. In: Neue Presse of February 17, 1990, p. 20.
  • Georg Schwarz: Hans Reithel and Kuni Tremel-Eggert. Folk poet in the Upper Main region. With ill. (Local supplement to the official school gazette of the administrative district of Upper Franconia No. 151) Bayreuth: Mühl 1989 48 p.
  • Hans Ulrich Thamer: Economy and society under the swastika, agriculture. In: Information on Political Education No. 266, National Socialism 2, Ed. the BpB. Munich, Francis' print & media GmbH 1st quarter 2000, pp. 28-29.
  • Erwin Volckmann: Street names and township, contributions to cultural history and word lore from old German towns. Gebrüder Mamminger GmbH, Würzburg 1919
  • Albrecht Weber: From Heimat to the NS novel: Kuni Tremel-Eggert. In: Handbook of literature in Bavaria. Edited by Albrecht Weber. Pustet, Regensburg 1987, pp. 505-507.
  • Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 243–275.
  • Hans Jürgen Wendel: Name, meaning, necessity. An investigation into the foundations of causal theories of reference to objects. Athenäum Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987
  • Franz Wenzel: Burgkunstadt. Pictures from days gone by. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1987.
  • A seeker all his life: Kuni Tremel-Eggert. Written out of a love of home and a real knowledge of human nature - the work and life of the poet. In: "Franconian Day" of January 30, 1989
  • On the 25th anniversary of Kuni Tremel-Eggert's death. In: "Obermain-Tagblatt" No. 85/1982, p. 3.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 618.
  2. ↑ Kuni Tremel-Eggert, From my work and becoming, in: Die Zeitschrift der Leihbücherei, specialist journal of the German loan library profession. Special issue: The week of the German book November 4 to 11, 1934 3 (1934) Issue 20, page 6: Tremel-Eggert, Werden und Schaffen
  3. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 251.
  4. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 248.
  5. ↑ Kuni Tremel-Eggert, "Von mir und mein Arbeit", undated, quoted from Weber (2015), p. 248.
  6. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 251f.
  7. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 253.
  8. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 253f.
  9. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 255f.
  10. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 256; Kuni Tremel-Eggert: Barb. The novel by a German woman . Munich: Rather 1934, p. 413f.
  11. ↑ a b Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 257.
  12. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 258, 261.
  13. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 258f.
  14. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 261.
  15. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 259f.
  16. ↑ Kuni Tremel-Eggert: Friend of Sansibar. Novel from our day . Munich: Rather 1939 [first 1938], p. 423f.
  17. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 262.
  18. ↑ a b Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 263.
  19. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 264f.
  20. ↑ Police headquarters in Munich, minutes of the oral examination of Tremel-Eggert on June 15, 1946, quoted from Weber (2015), p. 265.
  21. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 268.
  22. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, pp. 269–271.
  23. ^ Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 271.
  24. ↑ a b Bettina Weber: Kuni Tremel-Eggert - the Catholic anti-Semite. In: Rolf Düsterberg (ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology. Volume 3. Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2015, p. 272.
  25. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-t.html
  26. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1953-nslit-t.html
  27. ↑ Süddt. Newspaper, May 8, 2007, in the archive: Honoring an anti-Semite . Opening credits: Burgkunstadt has long been considered an important center of Jewish life in Franconia. Traces of it can still be found today: With its 2000 gravestones, the Jewish cemetery in the Upper Franconian town on the Upper Main is one of the largest country cemeteries in Bavaria. “We are proud of this tradition,” says Mayor Heinz Petterich. But he also says: “We stand by our homeland poet.” Further Art. April 27, 2007, edition Bavaria
  28. ↑ last, 4th edition 1942 (approx. 65,000). Quote: Judaism is a boil in the body of the people, from which all misfortune, all misery, all misery, hardship and war wells . The fictional character "Schlächers-Ignaz" is the bearer of all anti-Semitic clichés
personal data
SURNAME Tremel-Eggert, Kuni
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Burgkunstadt , Bavaria, German Empire
DATE OF DEATH April 14, 1957
Place of death Munich , Bavaria, Federal Republic of Germany