Emil Czyrniański

Emilian Czyrniański; 1878, photographer Walery Rzewuski

Emil Czyrniański (actually Emilian Czyrniański ; born January 20, 1824 in Florynka , Neu-Sandez district , Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria ; † April 14, 1888 Cracow ) was a Polish chemist .

Life

Czyrniański came from the Lemken ethnic group in western Galicia . Many Greek Catholic priests came from his family . This career was initially intended for him. He attended high school in Nowy Sącz (Neu-Sandez) and the Greek Catholic Theological Institute in Przemyśl . From 1844 he studied at the University of Lviv , where he was initially enrolled in theology. After two months he had to interrupt his studies for health reasons.

When he took it up again in 1846, he switched to the mathematical and natural science faculty of the German-speaking Technical Academy in Lemberg , where he studied physics, higher mathematics, construction and chemistry. There he became assistant to the chemistry professor Friedrich Rochleder in 1847 . With this he went to the Charles University in Prague in 1849 . The University of Cracow appointed Czyrniański as an associate professor of chemistry in 1851. Since that year he has also been a member of the Cracow Society of Science (Societas Litteraria Universitatis Cracoviensis) . A year later he was awarded the honoris causa Doctor of Philosophy .

Krakow has belonged to the Austrian Empire since 1846 . In the following period Czyrniański opposed the Germanization of the university and opposed the ban on teaching in Polish. He received a written reprimand from the Ministry of Education in Vienna, which, according to his family, he regarded as a great honor and kept it in a box. The confirmation of his (extraordinary) professor title by the imperial authorities was delayed until 1857. The fact that he was finally appointed full professor of chemistry in March 1859 was also due to the family connections of his fiancée at the time. A month later he married Freiin Maria Antoinette von Stelzhammer (* 1833), she was a daughter of the Austrian ministerial official Ferdinand von Stelzhammer (1797-1858).

Czyrniański was the first chemist to be a member of the Akademia Umiejętności (Academy of Sciences) in Kraków, founded in 1872 . In the academic year 1874/1875 he was rector of the University of Krakow, in this position he was also represented as a virilist in the Galician parliament . From 1875 he was also a court chemist for West Galicia.

A grandson of Czyrniański was Józef Retinger , founder of the European Movement and the Bilderberg Conference .

Act

Czyrniański published a Polish chemical dictionary in 1853 and was instrumental in the development of a Polish chemical nomenclature . In his Theory of Chemical Compounds (Warsaw, 1862) he is said to have often set up “surprisingly correct” structural formulas in the manner of August Kekulé . But since he pursued mechanistic ideas, treated a lot of things only verbally and used an idiosyncratic choice of words (e.g. "whirling calm") he was difficult to understand.

Karol Olszewski , who had studied with Robert Bunsen in Heidelberg , moved to Krakow in 1873 and became Czyrniański's assistant. Olszewski achieved the liquefaction of air , oxygen and nitrogen with Zygmunt Wróblewski in 1883 .

Fonts

• Theory of chemical compounds is based on the rotating motion of atoms. Krakow 1863
• New chemical theory carried out through all inorganic compounds in general formulas , Krakow 1864, digitized version

literature

• Winfried Pötsch: Emilian Czyrnianski. in: Winfried R. Pötsch (lead), Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists . Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt a. M./Thun 1989, p. 104 f.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Date of birth  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. According to information in the Polish Wielka Encyklopedia PWN , which Leopoldina names January 26, 1824 as his birthday, possibly Krakow as his place of birth, seen June 17, 2011.  
2. ↑ According to information in LEOPOLDINA. , official organ of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists, edited by the President, Dr. CH Knoblauch, Issue XXIV., Born in 1888, Halle 1888, printed by E. Blochmann & Sohn in Dresden, for the Academy in Commission at Wilh. Engelmann in Leipzig, issue 11/12, June 1888, p. 111 , on archive.org, viewed June 17, 2011
3. ^ Andrzej A. Zięba: Professor Emilian Czyrniański. In: Zięba: Łemkowie i łemkoznawstwo w Polsce. Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Krakau 1997, pp. 15–27, on p. 15.
4. ^ ^{A b} Andrzej A. Zięba: Professor Emilian Czyrniański. In: Zięba: Łemkowie i łemkoznawstwo w Polsce. Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Krakau 1997, pp. 15–27, on p. 16.
5. ↑ Academic Monthly; P. 550
6. ^ ^{A b} Andrzej A. Zięba: Professor Emilian Czyrniański. In: Zięba: Łemkowie i łemkoznawstwo w Polsce. Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Krakau 1997, pp. 15–27, on p. 24.
7. ^ ^{A b} Andrzej A. Zięba: Professor Emilian Czyrniański. In: Zięba: Łemkowie i łemkoznawstwo w Polsce. Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Krakau 1997, pp. 15–27, on p. 18.
8. ↑ Austrian Journal for Practical Medicine, Volume 5
9. ^ Kneschke: New general German nobility lexicon ; Volume 9, p. 10
10. ^ Andrzej A. Zięba: Professor Emilian Czyrniański. In: Zięba: Łemkowie i łemkoznawstwo w Polsce. Nakładem Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, Krakau 1997, pp. 15–27, on p. 19.
11. ↑ Zdzisław Wojtaszek: Chemia w pracach i działalności. In: Polska Akademia Umiejetności, 1872–1952. Nauki humanistyczne i społeczne. 1974, pp. 231-236.
12. ^ MBB Biskupski: War and Diplomacy in East and West. A Biography of Józef Retinger. Routledge, Abingdon (Oxon) / New York 2017, p. 7.
13. ^ NTM .: Series of publications for the history of natural sciences, technology and medicine, Volumes 15-17, p. 34
14. ↑ Pötsch u. a., Lexicon of Eminent Chemists.