January 20th
January 20 (in Austria and South Tyrol : January 20 ) is the 20th day of the Gregorian calendar , leaving 345 days (346 days in leap years ) until the end of the year.
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Historical Anniversaries December · January · February |
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events
politics and world affairs
- 649: The aged Visigoth king Chindaswinth makes his son Rekkeswinth co-regent in order to secure the desired succession.
- 1265: Simon V. de Montfort forces the English king Henry III. , to convene a Parliament , which for the first time also includes commoners - a forerunner of the House of Commons .
- 1320: Władysław I Ellenlang is crowned King of Poland in Kraków .
- 1356: Edward Balliol renounces claims to the throne as King of Scotland in favor of David II . For this he receives from the English King Edward III. a pension.
- 1523: After losing the Swedish royal crown to Gustav I Vasa , King Christian II is now also forced to abdicate as king of Denmark and Norway .
- 1567: The French colony of France Antarctica , founded on November 1, 1555 by Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon , between today's cities of Rio de Janeiro and Cabo Frio , is smashed by the Portuguese under Estácio de Sá.
- 1613: The Peace of Knäred ended the Kalmar War between Denmark and Sweden , which had been going on since 1611 . Sweden loses the Finnmark and pays a million Reichstaler to be able to keep Älvsborg Fortress .
- 1649: In England , after his defeat in the English Civil War , the treason trial of King Charles I begins before the Rump Parliament at the instigation of Oliver Cromwell .
- 1663: A Reichstag begins in Regensburg to discuss the threat posed by the Ottoman Empire , which will result in the Everlasting Reichstag .
- 1745: The death of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII brings his son Maximilian III to the Electorate of Bavaria . Joseph in power. The deceased was succeeded by Franz I Stephan as emperor on 13 September .
- 1812: A Anglo-Portuguese army under the command of Arthur Wellesley , during the Napoleonic Wars in the Iberian Peninsula , ends the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo by storming the French-held fortress.
- 1839: In the Battle of Yungay in the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation War, General Agustín Gamarra , with his troops and the help of Chile , defeats the army of the Peru - Bolivia alliance under Andrés de Santa Cruz , who thus loses his position as protector of the Peru-Bolivia Republic. General Gamarra becomes President of Peru again.
- 1841: Britain occupied the island of Hong Kong in the First Opium War against China .
- 1848: In Denmark , King Frederick VII proclaims the introduction of a parliamentary monarchy .
- 1874: British influence in Malayan states begins with the Treaty of Pangkor between Britain and the Raja Abdullah of Perak .
- 1922: The pacifist Bund Neues Vaterland , founded during the First World War, to which Albert Einstein , Stefan Zweig and Ernst Reuter belong, among others , is renamed the German League for Human Rights , based on the French model French League for Human Rights .
- 1934: With the law for the regulation of national work , the founding of the National Socialist German Labor Front in the previous year is formally legitimized. The leader principle is thus introduced in business enterprises. Employees are obligated to absolute obedience to their superiors .
- 1936: With the death of George V , his eldest son Edward VIII becomes British king.
- 1937: Franklin D. Roosevelt takes the oath of office at the beginning of his second term as US President . Since then , all regularly elected presidents have been inaugurated on that day instead of March 4 , as previously .
- 1942: A conference convened by Reinhard Heydrich takes place at the Großer Wannsee in Berlin , at which organizational questions of a “ final solution to the Jewish question ”, the Holocaust , are discussed. Secretary of the conference is Adolf Eichmann .
- 1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt , the 32nd US President , became the only incumbent to be sworn in for the fourth time.
- 1961: Dwight D. Eisenhower hands over the office of US President to John F. Kennedy .
- 1961: A meeting in Madrid between Jean-Jacques Susini , General Raoul Salan and Pierre Lagaillarde gave rise to the OAS , the French underground movement in the final stages of the Algerian War . She wants to thwart the looming independence of Algeria with terrorist actions.
- 1969: Ellinor von Puttkamer becomes the first woman in the history of the diplomatic service of the Federal Republic of Germany to become ambassador . She heads the German representation at the Strasbourg Council of Europe .
- 1972: In India , the territory of the North-East Frontier Agency is converted into a union territory named " Arunachal Pradesh ". In 1987 it becomes a full Indian state .
- 1976: In the Lebanese civil war , Palestinian and Muslim militias carry out the Damur massacre , killing an estimated 330 people. It is the reaction to the massacre of several hundred civilians by phalangists in Karantina two days earlier.
- 1981: The 444-day hostage-taking in Tehran ends with the release of the hostages being held at the US Embassy .
- 1990: The German Social Union is founded in Leipzig.
- 1990: In Baku , the Azerbaijani independence movement is violently crushed ( Black January ).
- 1996: Yasser Arafat is elected President of the Palestinian Authority .
- 2001: After a corruption scandal surrounding the last President Joseph Estrada , the controversial Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is sworn in as President of the Philippines .
- 2009: Democrat Barack Obama , who was elected on November 4 of the previous year , is sworn in as the first African American President of the United States by Chief Justice of the United States John Roberts .
- 2013: In the first nationwide referendum , the population speaks out in favor of maintaining compulsory military service in Austria.
- 2017: Republican and entrepreneur Donald Trump , elected on November 8 of the previous year , is sworn in as the 45th President of the United States .
- 2021: Democrat Joe Biden , elected on November 3 of the previous year , is sworn in as the 46th President of the United States .
business
- 1503: The Casa de Contratación , which regulates trade with the Spanish colonies , is established in Seville .
1885: Thompson 's Switchback Railway
- 1885: The American LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents the first realized roller coaster .
- 1998: The alleged weather-related failure of an old power line provokes a power crisis in downtown Auckland . The supply of electrical energy there is only complete, but provisionally restored, after five weeks.
science and technology
- 1699: Louis XIV issues the first regulations to the previously informal Académie des sciences , founded in 1666 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert . It receives the title of Académie royale and is located in the Louvre .
- 1778: James Cook lands on Kauaʻi ( Hawaii ).
- 1819: The scientific society for Germany's older history is founded in Frankfurt am Main under the significant influence of the Reichsfreiherr Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein . In the years that followed, she edited the Monumenta Germaniae Historica .
- 1840: A French Antarctic expedition led by Jules Dumont d'Urville discovers Adélieland .
- 1959: The Vickers Vanguard made its maiden flight . It will be the last large European propeller-driven passenger aircraft .
- 1995: The cable-stayed bridge Pont de Normandie is inaugurated between Le Havre and Honfleur near the mouth of the Seine , the bridge with the longest span in Europe.
Culture
- 1714: Domenico Scarlatti 's opera Amor d'un ombra e gelosia d'un aura ( Love of a Shadow and Jealousy of a Dawn ) premieres in Rome .
- 1752: On the birthday of King Charles III. In Caserta the foundation stone is laid for the construction of the Royal Palace , the future residence of the Bourbons in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . The architect of the structure is Luigi Vanvitelli .
- 1762: The premiere of the opera Alessandro nell'Indie by Johann Christian Bach takes place at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples .
- 1783: The musical drama Tancredi by Ignaz Holzbauer is premiered in Munich.
- 1830: The premiere of the operetta Baron Luft by Conradin Kreutzer takes place at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna .
- 1851: The comic opera The Opera Rehearsal or The Elegant Dilettantes by Albert Lortzing is premiered at the Stadttheater in Frankfurt am Main , while the composer is dying in Berlin.
- 1892: The lyrical opera La Wally by Alfredo Catalani to a libretto by Luigi Illica based on Wilhelmine von Hillern 's novel Geierwally is premiered at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan.
- 1902: The Royal Court Theater in Stuttgart burns down.
- 1904: The premiere of the operetta Der Göttergatte by Franz Lehár takes place at the Carltheater in Vienna .
- 1934: The operetta Giuditta by Franz Lehár is premiered at the Vienna State Opera under the direction of the composer. The libretto was written by Paul Knepler and Fritz Löhner-Beda . Jarmila Novotná can be seen in the title role, with Richard Tauber singing the male lead .
- 1957: The musical Katharina Knie by Mischa Spoliansky , based on Carl Zuckmayer 's "Seiltänzerstück" of the same name, premieres at the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz in Munich . In this play, Hans Albers plays his last stage role.
- 1966: Friedrich Dürrenmatt 's play Der Meteor premieres at the Zurich Schauspielhaus.
society
- 1969: Two armed men break into a Bundeswehr ammunition depot in Lebach , Saarland , and commit the sensational murder of the Lebach soldiers . The perpetrators are later arrested after a manhunt on the ZDF program Aktenzeichen XY... unresolved .
- 2009: Six of the seven crew members die when the Taube sailing yacht sinks off the west coast of Morocco .
religion
- 250: Fabianus , the Bishop of Rome , is martyred in the persecutions of Christians in the Roman Empire under Emperor Decius .
disasters
- 1887: Off the Brazilian coast, the British emigrant ship Kapunda collided with the barque Ada Melmore and sank within five minutes. Of the 313 people on board, 297 die, including all women and children.
- 1905: The Egyptian Bridge , a structure dating from the first third of the 19th century, collapses in Saint Petersburg . A suspension cable breaks as a cavalry squadron crosses the Chain Bridge . All 60 soldiers who fell into the Fontanka River are rescued, several horses perish.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
nature and environment
- 1880: After an earthquake, an island appears in Lake Ilopango in the Ilopango volcano in San Salvador .
Sports
- 1892: The first basketball game is played under the rules of inventor James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts .
- 1966: The football club 1. FC Union Berlin is founded in Berlin-Köpenick after the FDGB chairman Herbert Warnke advocated a civil association for the working people.
- 1966: 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig is formed in Leipzig as the successor to SC Leipzig .
- 1968: In the first nationally televised collegiate basketball game in history, Elvin Hayes ' University of Houston beat the University of California, Los Angeles 71-69 with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar .
Entries of track and field world records are located under the respective discipline under Athletics .
Born
Before the 18th century
- 225: Gordian III. , Roman Emperor
- 1211: Agnes of Bohemia , Bohemian princess and saint of the Roman Catholic Church
- 1259: Aveline de Forz , English noblewoman
- 1292: Elisabeth , last member of the Czech ruling family of the Přemyslids
- 1436: Ashikaga Yoshimasa , Japanese ruler, eighth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate
- 1488: Sebastian Münster , German cosmographer and Hebraist
- 1492: Werner Steiner the Younger , Swiss reformer
- 1518: Christoph Fischer , German Lutheran theologian
- 1528: Sebastian Starck , German Lutheran theologian
- 1530: Valentin Forster , German jurist
- 1538: Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg , Dutch general, brother of William I of Orange
- 1554: Sebastian I , King of Portugal
- 1568: Daniel Cramer , German Lutheran theologian; chronicler and author
- 1568: Ventura Salimbeni , Italian painter and engraver
- 1586: Johann Hermann Schein , German musician and composer
- 1588: Francesco Gessi , Italian painter
- 1616: Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski , Polish magnate and imperial prince in the Holy Roman Empire
- 1622: Daniel Bernhardi , German Protestant theologian
- 1636: Maximilian , Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- 1638: Johann Wolfgang Textor the Elder , German jurist and archivist
- 1663: Luca Carlevarijs , Italian painter
- 1693: Carlo Francesco Durini , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Church
18th century
- 1706: Friedrich Karl August , Count and Noble Lord of Lippe-Biesterfeld
- 1716: Charles III , King of Spain
- 1718: Ambrosio de Benavides , Spanish colonial administrator, governor of Puerto Rico, Charcas and Chile
- 1718: Élie Catherine Fréron , French man of letters and publicist
- 1724: Philippe-Henri de Ségur , French general
- 1729: Joaquín del Pino Sánchez de Rojas , Spanish governor of Montevideo, governor of Chile and viceroy of the Río de la Plata
- 1732: Richard Henry Lee , President of the American Continental Congress
- 1733: Johann Friedrich Rehkopf , German clergyman and university teacher
- 1734: Charles Alexandre de Calonne , French statesman
- 1741: Linnaeus the Younger , Swedish botanist
- 1746: Johann Christoph Döderlein , German theologian
- 1750: Louise of Denmark and Norway , Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
- 1755: Johannes Aloysius Martyni-Laguna , German private scholar
- 1758: Marie Lavoisier , French chemist, illustrator and salonnière
- 1762: Jérôme-Joseph de Momigny , French composer and musicologist
- 1762: Johann Ludwig Völkel , German classical scholar and archaeologist
- 1765: Carl Samuel Hermann , German pharmacist
- 1773: Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley , British statesman and diplomat
- 1773: Theodor von Schön , Prussian Supreme President of the Province of Prussia from 1824 to 1842
- 1775: André-Marie Ampère , French physicist and mathematician
- 1778: François Baillon , French zoologist
- 1781: Ernst Casimir I , 1st Prince of Ysenburg and Büdingen
- 1782: Joseph von Hormayr , Austrian historian
- 1782: Johann of Austria , archduke, Austrian field marshal, German regent, modernizer of Styria
- 1782: Adolf Theodor Roscher , German industrialist
- 1783: Friedrich Dotzauer , German cellist and composer
- 1785: Theodor Grotthuss , German-Lithuanian physicist and chemist
- 1790: John Blackwall , British naturalist
- 1793: Carl von Heyden , German politician and entomologist
- 1794: Emilie Reinbeck , German salonnière and landscape painter
19th century
- 1803: Johann Jakob Stehlin the Elder , Swiss politician
- 1810: Ferdinand David , German violin virtuoso and composer
- 1811: Julius Lasker , Prussian physician and writer
- 1812: Édouard Séguin , French physician and educator
- 1820: Wilhelm Paul Corssen , German classical scholar and Etruscologist
- 1823: Imre Madách , Hungarian poet
- 1832: William Larrabee , American politician, Governor of the State of Iowa
- 1833: Ernst von Prittwitz and Gaffron , Prussian-German lieutenant general
- 1834: Adolph Frank , German chemist
- 1834: Petrus Jacobus Joubert , South African Boer General and Commander-General of the South African Republic
- 1834: Théodore Salomé , French organist and composer
- 1836: Robert Beaven , Canadian politician
- 1842: Miklós Konkoly-Thege , Hungarian astronomer
- 1843: Giulio Ascoli , Italian mathematician
- 1844: Johan Peter Selmer , Norwegian composer
- 1854: Immanuel Löw , Hungarian rabbi and scholar
- 1855: Ernest Chausson , French composer
- 1855: Hugo Conwentz , German botanist and conservationist
- 1856: Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch , American suffragette and publicist
- 1858: Enrique Reig y Casanova , Spanish priest, Archbishop of Toledo and cardinal
- 1862: Xaver Terofal , German actor
- 1862: Carl von Tubeuf , German plant pathologist
- 1865: Josef Fischer , German cyclist, first winner Paris-Roubaix
- 1866: Johannes Werthauer , German jurist and criminal law reformer
- 1868: Wilhelm Schäfer , German writer
- 1869: Frederick Matthias Alexander , Australian actor
- 1870: Centa Bré , German actress
- 1870: Guillaume Lekeu , Belgian composer
- 1870: Fausto Salvatori , Italian writer and librettist
- 1872: Harriet Straub , German writer
- 1873: Iwano Hōmei , Japanese writer, literary critic and translator
- 1873: Johannes Vilhelm Jensen , Danish writer, Nobel Prize winner
- 1873: Alfred Wiłkomirski , Polish violinist, violist and music teacher
- 1874: Steve Bloomer , English footballer
- 1874: Karl Heim , German Protestant theologian
- 1876: Lucien Boyer , French chansonnier and composer
- 1876: Józef Hofmann , Polish-American pianist, composer, music teacher and inventor
- 1877: Aymé Kunc , French composer, conductor and music teacher
- 1879: Walther Ahlhorn , German jurist
- 1879: Walter W. Bacon , American politician, Governor of Delaware
- 1879: Wilhelm Burkamp , German philosopher
- 1879: Ruth St. Denis , American dancer, choreographer, and educator
- 1879: Clifford Hugh Douglas , British economic theorist, engineer
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- 1880: Rudolf Bernauer , Austrian chanson author, operetta librettist and theater director
- 1882: Sebastião Leme da Silveira Cintra , Brazilian priest, Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro and cardinal
- 1886: Hans Abraham , German weightlifter
- 1888: Paul Weyland , German con man, anti-Semite, and nationalist agitator
- 1889: Leadbelly , American blues musician
- 1889: Lois Welzenbacher , Austrian architect
- 1890: Rudolf Ahorn , German soccer player
- 1891: Mischa Elman , American violin virtuoso
- 1893: Nils Georg Åberg , Swedish long jumper and triple jumper
- 1894: Harold Gray , American comic artist
- 1894: Nishiwaki Junzaburō , Japanese writer
- 1894: Walter Piston , American composer
- 1895: Eva Jessye , American choral conductor and composer
- 1896: George Burns , American actor
- 1899: Michael Laßleben , German publisher
- 1900: Franz Esser , German soccer player
- 1900: Boris Semyonovich Schechter , Russian composer
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901: Juan García Oliver , Spanish anarchist and syndicalist
- 1901: Karl Gilg , German chess player
- 1902: Leon Ames , American actor
- 1902: Gisela Praetorius , German educator and politician, MdL, MP
- 1902: Fridolin Stier , German Bible translator
- 1907: Manfred von Ardenne , German naturalist
- 1907: Hans Richtscheid , German writer and philosopher
- 1907: Paula Wessely , Austrian film and stage actress
- 1908: Isadore Nathaniel Parker , American jazz trumpeter
- 1908: Günther Wendt , German painter, printmaker and museum director
- 1910: Joy Adamson , British-Austrian naturalist, painter and writer
- 1910: Lauritz Lauritzen , German politician, MdL and state minister, MP and federal minister
- 1911: Alfredo Foni , Italian football player and coach
- 1912: Egon Schein , German athlete and Olympian
- 1913: Karl Bewerunge , German farmer and politician, MP
- 1913: Horst Caspar , German actor
- 1915: C. W. Ceram , German journalist and science writer
- 1917: Bruno Heck , German politician MP and federal minister
- 1917: K-Ximbinho , Brazilian clarinetist, composer and arranger
- 1920: Maureen Dragone , American journalist and author
- 1920: Federico Fellini , Italian filmmaker and director
- 1920: DeForest Kelley , American actor
- 1921: Erwin Brocke , Vice President of the German Federal Social Court
- 1921: Pierre Courtin , French painter and printmaker
- 1921: Bernt Engelmann , German writer and journalist
- 1921: Václav Kotva , Czech actor
- 1921: Oscar Müller , German actor
- 1921: Zarra , Spanish footballer
- 1922: Ray Anthony , American band leader and musician
- 1922: James Hanson , British entrepreneur
- 1923: Slim Whitman , American country music singer
- 1924: Valdo Sciammarella , Argentine composer
- 1925: Ernesto Cardenal , Nicaraguan theologian and politician
- 1925: Eugen Gomringer , Bolivian-Swiss writer
1926-1950
- 1926: Fritz Bennewitz , German theater director
- 1926: Patricia Neal , American actress
- 1926: David Tudor , American pianist
- 1927: Wolfgang Kasack , German Slavist
- 1928: Reiner Arlt , German agricultural law scholar, university lecturer and politician
- 1928: Harry Ristock , German politician, MdL, Senator
- 1929: Jo Miard , German sculptor
- 1929: Andreas Stenglein , German politician, MdL
- 1929: Walter Wenzel , German onomastics researcher
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- 1930: Buzz Aldrin , American astronaut, second man on the moon
- 1930: Egon Bondy , Czech poet and philosopher
- 1930: Edeltraud Eckert , German writer
- 1930: Lothar Wolleh , German photographer
- 1931: Sawako Ariyoshi , Japanese writer
- 1931: Preston Henn , American auto racer and entrepreneur
- 1931: David Morris Lee , American physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1931: günther maleuda , German politicians, party official in the GDR, MP
- 1931: Margrethe Munthe , Norwegian writer
- 1932: Ferenc Arok , Yugoslav football player and coach
- 1933: Earl Grant , American singer and guitarist
- 1933: Don Thompson , British athlete, Olympic champion
- 1934: Giorgio Bassi , Italian racing car driver
- 1935: Achim Benning , German actor and director
- 1935: Alexander Vladimirovich Men , Russian cleric and dissident
- 1936: Edward Feigenbaum , American computer scientist
- 1936: Frances Shand Kydd , mother of Diana Spencer ( Lady Di )
- 1937: Sigrid Peyerimhoff , German theoretical chemist
- 1937: Regina Schmidt-Zadel , German politician, MP
- 1939: Udo Aschenbeck , German writer, bookseller and social worker
- 1939: Werner Schuster , German doctor, medical computer scientist and politician
- 1940: Jana Brejchová , Czech actress
- 1941: Pete Ariel , German film director, editor, assistant director and screenwriter
- 1941: Herbert Christ , German politician, MP
- 1942: José Luis Aussín Suárez , Mexican soccer player
- 1942: Heinz-Günter Bargfrede , German politician, MP
- 1942: William Powell , American singer
- 1943: Margaret Scotford Archer , British sociologist
- 1943: Rick Evans , American singer and guitarist
- 1943: Einar Førde , Norwegian politician and journalist
- 1944: Günther Bott , German lawyer, judge at the Federal Labor Court
- 1944: Volker Hassemer , German lawyer and politician, MdL, Senator
- 1944: Wolfgang Scherzinger , Austrian zoologist, ethologist and ecologist
- 1945: Gianni Amelio , Italian film director
- 1945: Uwe Amthor , German politician
- 1945: Bjørn Tore Godal , Norwegian politician and diplomat
- 1945: Eric Stewart , British singer, guitarist and songwriter
- 1946: David Lynch , American director, actor, painter, photographer, composer and animator
- 1946: Ernst Probst , German science journalist
- 1946: Aurelio Samorì , Italian composer
- 1947: Dag Jostein Fjærvoll , Norwegian politician
- 1947: Batya Gur , Israeli writer
- 1947: Anton Schindling , German historian
- 1948: Mel Pritchard , British musician
- 1949: Michael Ahern , Irish politician
- 1949: Patrick Frey , Swiss author, publisher, cabaret artist and actor
- 1949: Bill Owens , American politician
- 1949: Göran Persson , Swedish politician, Prime Minister
- 1950: Mahamane Ousmane , Nigerian politicians, President
- 1950: Udo Röbel , German journalist and author
1951-1975
- 1951: Ian Hill , British rock musician
- 1952: Ute Hommola , German track and field athlete, Olympic medalist
- 1952: Thomas Reuter , German composer, choirmaster and pianist
- 1952: Ann Savoy , American Cajun musician (vocals and guitar)
- 1952: Paul Stanley , American guitarist and singer
- 1953: Hermann-Josef Arentz , German politician, MdL
- 1953: Marita Breuer , German actress
- 1953: Jeffrey Epstein , American investment banker
- 1956: Axel Hacke , German journalist and writer
- 1956: John Naber , American swimmer
- 1956: Georg Veit , German writer
- 1957: Alu Dadashevich Alkhanov , Chechen President
- 1957: Andy Sheppard , British jazz saxophonist
- 1957: Michael Veith , German alpine skier
- 1958: Lorenzo Lamas , American actor
- 1959: Alfred Agyenta , Ghanaian bishop
- 1959: Antoine Hervé , French pianist and composer
- 1959: R.A. Salvatore , American science fiction writer
- 1960: Falk Boden , German cyclist
- 1960: Ján Figeľ , Slovak politician, EU Commissioner
- 1960: Jeff Tain Watts , American jazz drummer
- 1960: Will Wright , American computer game developer
- 1961: Alois Bröder , German composer
- 1961: Sven Rohde , German journalist
- 1962: Günther Steinkellner , Austrian politician
- 1963: James Denton , American actor
- 1963: Guy Helminger , Luxembourg writer
- 1964: Lizzy Aumeier , German double bass player and music cabaret artist
- 1964: Scott Maxwell , Canadian auto racer
- 1965: John Michael Montgomery , American country singer
- 1965: Sophie, Countess of Wessex , British entrepreneur and noblewoman, wife of Prince Edward
- 1965: Heather Small , British soul singer
- 1965: Georg Staudacher , Austrian theater director, screenwriter and actor
- 1966: Tracii Guns , American guitarist
- 1966: Sigrid Hauser , Austrian singer, actress cabaret artist and screenwriter
- 1966: Peter Tschentscher , German politician, First Mayor of Hamburg
- 1966: Rainn Wilson , American actor
- 1967: Alexander Ahndoril , Swedish novelist and playwright
- 1967: Johannes Ametsreiter , Austrian manager
- 1967: Wigald Boning , German comedian and presenter
- 1967: Stacey Dash , American actress
- 1967: Tokujin Yoshioka , Japanese furniture designer, industrial designer and architect
- 1967: Jens Sembdner , German singer ( Die Prinzen )
- 1969: Emil Anka , Hungarian chess grandmaster and arbiter
- 1971: Uni Jógvanson Arge , Faroese journalist, musician, football and handball player
- 1971: Gary Barlow , British singer and songwriter
- 1971: Wakanohana Masaru , Japanese sumo wrestler
- 1971: Questlove , American drummer and producer
- 1972: Oscar Dronjak , Swedish guitarist
- 1972: Nikki Haley , American politician
- 1973: Benjamin Biolay , French singer
- 1973: Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz , Belgian noblewoman, Queen of Belgium
- 1974: Komlan Assignon , Togolese footballer
- 1974: Alvin Harrison , American track and field athlete, Olympic gold medalist
- 1975: Dick Tärnström , Swedish ice hockey player
1976-2000
- 1976: Til Bettenstaedt , German footballer
- 1976: Yann Pivois , French cyclist
- 1976: Tim Schrick , German racing driver
- 1977: Lucinda Arthur , Canadian badminton player
- 1978: Salvatore Aronica , Italian footballer
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- 1978: Volodymyr Hroysman , Ukrainian politician, Prime Minister
- 1978: Sonja Kesselschläger , German track and field athlete
- 1978: Lucie Muhr , German actress
- 1978: Sid Wilson , American DJ
- 1979: Yasser al-Habib , Kuwaiti cleric
- 1979: Emiliano Bonazzoli , Italian professional footballer
- 1979: Rob Bourdon , American musician and drummer ( Linkin Park )
- 1979: Paulo César , Brazilian soccer player
- 1979: Alexander Müller , German racing driver
- 1979: Will Young , British singer
- 1980: Felicitas Woll , German actress
- 1981: Dotun Akinsanya , Nigerian badminton player
- 1981: Owen Hargreaves , Canadian football player
- 1981: Ivonne Schönherr , German actress
- 1983: Nanae Aoyama , Japanese writer
- : 1984 Federico Peluso , Italian footballer
- 1984: Lil Scrappy , American rapper
- 1985: Juan Andreu , Spanish handball player
- 1985: Johan Eriksson , Swedish ski jumper
- 1987: Cemil Adıcan , Turkish footballer
- 1987: Christine Eixenberger , German cabaret artist and actress
- 1987: Marco Simoncelli , Italian motorcycle racer
- 1988: Pasquale Di Sabatino , Italian racing driver
- 1988: Elderson Echiéjilé , Nigerian footballer
- 1988: Callum MacLeod , British racing driver
- 1989: Dena Kaplan , Australian actress
- 1990: Johannes Focher , German soccer goalkeeper
- 1991: Jolyon Palmer , British racing driver
- 1991: Jacqueline Seifriedsberger , Austrian ski jumper
- 1992: Frederik Bott , German actor
- 1992: Mauro Calamia , Swiss racing car driver
- 1992: Ben Kantarovski , Australian footballer
- 1993: Maximilian Kroll , German handball player
- 1994: Verena Aschauer , Austrian soccer player
- 1995: Joey Badass , American rapper
- 1995: Calum Chambers , English footballer
- 1995: Ariane Rädler , Austrian alpine skier
- 1995: Sergi Samper , Spanish footballer
- 1996: Jovana Preković , Serbian karateka
- 2000: Roman Benecký , Czech darts player
- 2000: Mike Singer , German pop singer
Died
Before the 17th century
- 250: Fabianus , Bishop of Rome
- 473: Euthymius of Melitene , Judean ascetic
- 640: Eadbald of Kent , King of Kent
- 882: Louis III. , East Frankish king
- 1107: Benedict Ricasoli , Italian monk and hermit
- 1191: Frederick VI. , Duke of Swabia, a leader of the Third Crusade
- 1256: Renaud de Vichiers , Grand Master of the Order of the Templars
- 1325: John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings , English nobleman
- 1329: Walter Norwich , English civil servant, magistrate and minister
- 1336: John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford , English magnate
- 1343: Robert of Anjou , Sicilian king
- 1358: Jakob von Bludau , priest of the Teutonic Order and Bishop of Samland
- 1494: Seongjong , 9th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea
- 1503: Ludmilla of Podebrady , Duchess of Legnica and Brzeg
- 1505: John IX Langenmantel vom Sparren , Augsburg patrician and town curator
- 1511: Oliviero Carafa , Archbishop of Naples and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- 1513: Helen of Moscow , Grand Duchess of Lithuania and titular Queen of Poland
- 1529: Gregor Breitkopf , German humanist
- 1560: Nikolaus Gerbel , German humanist
- 1562: Balthasar von Promnitz , Bishop of Breslau
- 1590: Giovanni Battista Benedetti , Venetian mathematician, physicist, astronomer, architect and philosopher
17th and 18th centuries
- 1606: Sibylla Elisabeth of Württemberg , Duchess of Saxony
- 1612: Rudolf II , Holy Roman Emperor
- 1616: Melchior Eckhart , German theologian
- 1617: Fausto Veranzio , diplomat, polymath, inventor
- 1619: Éléonore de Bourbon-Condé , Princess of Orange
- 1631: Jakob Matham , Dutch etcher
- 1634: Albrecht Günther , Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- 1639: Mustafa I , Ottoman Sultan
- 1645: Georg Saluz , Swiss Reformed clergyman
- 1648: Magdalena Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken , Countess Palatine and Duchess of Palatinate-Birkenfeld
- 1652: Thomas Greene , English colonial governor of Maryland
- 1666: Anne of Austria , Queen of France and regent
- 1676: Reinier Pauw , President of the High Council of Holland, Zeeland and West Friesland
- 1691: Achilles Kern , German sculptor
- 1709: François de la Chaise , French Jesuit
- 1713: Paul Ritter Vitezović , Croatian writer, historian and politician
- 1720: Giovanni Maria Lancisi , Roman physician and naturalist
- 1723: Elisabeth Charlotte of Anhalt-Harzgerode , Princess of Anhalt-Köthen, then Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg
- 1729: Johann Friedrich Wentzel , German painter and etcher
- 1731: Antonio Farnese , Duke of Parma and Piacenza
- 1739: Francesco Galli da Bibiena , Italian scenographer and architect, set designer and decorative painter
- 1743: André-Hercule de Fleury , French cardinal and statesman
- 1744: Richard Jones , English violinist and composer
- 1745: Charles VII , Holy Roman Emperor
- 1753: Anna Maria , Princess of Liechtenstein
- 1753: Henriette Christine of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , abbess of Gandersheim Abbey
- 1753: Johann Heinrich Schramm , German theologian
- 1760: Johann Ludwig Alefeld , German philosopher and physicist
- 1767: Étienne de Silhouette , French Controller-General of Finances
- 1769: Friedrich Christian , Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
- 1779: David Garrick , British actor, theater director and author
- 1782: Christian Ernst Simonetti , German Lutheran theologian
- 1789: Francesco Pozzi , Swiss plasterer
- 1790: Maximilian von Fürst und Kupferberg , Royal Prussian Grand Chancellor
- 1792: Johann Christian Blasche , German Lutheran theologian
- 1793: Louis-Michel Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau , politician during the French Revolution
- 1800: Thomas Mifflin , American politician and general, Governor of Pennsylvania
19th century
- 1803: Johann Friedrich von Ryhiner , Swiss statesman and geographer
- 1813: Christoph Martin Wieland , German poet, translator
- 1815: Caroline Friederike Friedrich , German painter
- 1819: Charles IV , King of Spain
- 1831: Justinian von Adlerflycht , German jurist
- 1837: Adam Afzelius , Swedish botanist
- 1841: Minh Mạng , second emperor of Vietnam's Nguyễn dynasty
- 1845: Edward Raczyński , Polish nobleman, founder of the Raczynski Library
- 1848: Christian VIII , King of Denmark
- 1850: Adam Oehlenschläger , Danish national romantic poet
- 1855: Adelheid of Austria , Queen of Sardinia
- 1858: Wilhelm August Friedrich Genßler , German Protestant clergyman
- 1859: Bettina von Arnim , German Romantic writer
- 1861: Johann Ludwig Urban Blessons , Prussian military writer
- 1866: Georg Kaspar Nagler , German art historian and art writer
- 1867: Jules Amiguet , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university teacher
- 1867: Julia Bulette , American prostitute
- 1868: Johann Friedrich Danneil , German prehistorian and educator
- 1869: Karl Wilhelm Göttling , German classical scholar
- 1872: Ludwig Leopold Liebig , German gardener and plant breeder
- 1875: Maximilian Werner , Baden politician
- 1886: Ernst Methfessel , German composer
- 1890: Franz Lachner , German composer and conductor
- 1892: John Couch Adams , British mathematician
- 1898: Kosta Abrašević , Serbian poet
- 1900: John Ruskin , British writer, painter, art historian
20th century
1901-1950
- 1901: Zénobe Gramme , Belgian designer and inventor
- 1909: Torkel Halvorsen Aschehoug , Norwegian legal scholar and politician
- 1910: Ephraim Adler , German physician
- 1912: Auguste Chantre , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university teacher
- 1913: Karl Wittgenstein , German-Austrian entrepreneur in the coal and steel industry
- 1917: Alejandro Ferrant y Fischermans , Spanish painter
- 1919: Josef Hötte , German fur trader and patron
- 1919: Karl Moltrecht , German-Baltic provost and evangelical martyr
- 1920: Wilhelm Anton Riedemann , German merchant and entrepreneur
- 1924: Franz Dibelius , German Protestant theologian
- 1932: Conrad Cichorius , German classical philologist and ancient historian
- 1933: George Moore , Irish writer ( Confessions of a Young Man ) and art critic
- 1936: George V , British King
- 1937: Richard Benno Adam , German portrait and horse painter
- 1938: Erik Carl Emanuel Åkerberg , Swedish composer
- 1940: Nemo Agodi , Italian gymnast
- 1940: Camilla Mayer , German tightrope artist
- 1943: Don Azpiazú , Cuban bandleader
- 1943: Giacomo Benvenuti , Italian musicologist and editor, composer and organist
- 1944: James McKeen Cattell , American psychologist
- 1944: Kurt Reuber , German doctor, Protestant pastor
- 1945: Gustaf Ullman , Swedish writer
1951-2000
- 1951: Alexander Chuhaldin , Canadian violinist, conductor, composer and music educator
- 1951: Johann Culemeyer , German engineer
- 1952: Arthur Farwell , American composer
- 1954: Wadi' al-Bustani , Lebanese poet and translator
- 1957: Dean Benedetti , American tenor saxophonist
- 1957: Dudley Benjafield , British doctor and racing driver
- 1957: James Connolly , American track and field athlete, first modern Olympic gold medalist
- 1961: Walther Ahlhorn , German jurist
- 1962: Robinson Jeffers , American poet, playwright and natural philosopher
- 1964: George Docking , American politician
- 1964: Jan Rychlík , Czech composer
- 1965: Alan Freed , American disc jockey
- 1966: Herbert Boeckl , Austrian painter
- 1967: Giacomo Debenedetti , Italian literary critic
- 1967: Paul Wessel , party functionary in the GDR
- 1969: Ilse Thouret , German motorcycle and automobile racer, athlete and sports journalist
- 1970: Hartwig Sievers , German actor and radio play announcer
- 1971: Gilbert Maxwell Aronson , American actor, director, producer and screenwriter
- 1971: Antonio Bacci , Italian clergyman, Curia cardinal
- 1973: Amílcar Cabral , Cape Verdean politician and independence fighter
- 1973: Lorenz Böhler , Austrian surgeon
- 1975: Hans Olden , Austrian actor and singer
- 1976: Thure Andersson , Swedish wrestler
- 1977: Herbert Kriedemann , German politician, MdL, MdB, MEP
- 1979: Margarete Gröwel , German politician, MP
- 1980: André Dubonnet , French military pilot, athlete, racer, entrepreneur and inventor
- 1983: Jochen Diestelmann , German actor
- 1983: Garrincha , Brazilian footballer
- 1984: Johnny Weissmuller , American swimmer and film actor
- 1985 Pug Manders , American football player
- 1985: Johannes Thimme , German supporter of the Red Army Faction ( RAF )
- 1987: David Ouchterlony , Canadian organist, music teacher and composer
- 1988: Paul Esser , German actor and voice actor
- 1988: Anna Haag , German writer, pacifist, politician (SPD) and women's rights activist
- 1988: Philippe de Rothschild , French entrepreneur, racing driver and pioneer of French viticulture
- 1989: John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton , British field marshal and governor of Cyprus
- 1989: Alex Moore , American singer and piano player
- 1990: Claude Auclair , French comic artist
- 1990: Barbara Stanwyck , American actress
- 1991: Harry Giese , German actor, spokesman for Nazi newsreels
- 1992: Katrin Sello , German art historian
- 1993: Joseph Anthony , American actor, director and dancer
- 1993: Audrey Hepburn , British-Dutch actress
- 1994: Matt Busby , British football manager
- 1996: Gerry Mulligan , American jazz musician
- 1998: Nino Pirrotta , Italian musicologist and educator
- 2000: Don Abney , American jazz pianist
- 2000: Seizō Suzuki , Japanese rose grower
21st century
- 2001: Nico Assumpção , Brazilian bass player
- 2002: Helmut Lenders , German trade union secretary and politician, MP
- 2002: Günter Schluckebier , German politician, trade unionist, MdL, MP
- 2003: Eldar Asimsade , Soviet football referee
- 2003: Al Hirschfeld , American cartoonist
- 2004: Alan Brown , English racing driver and team owner
- 2005: Per Borten , Norwegian politician and prime minister
- 2005: Jan Nowak-Jeziorański , Polish journalist and writer
- 2005: Christel Justen , German swimmer
- 2005: Miriam Rothschild , British zoologist
- 2006: Pio Taofinu'u , Samoan Archbishop
- 2007: Kurt Kretschmann , German conservationist, inventor of the German Nature Conservation Shield
- 2007: David Mostyn , British officer
- 2007: George Smathers , United States Senator
- 2008: Louis de Cazenave , French war veteran
- 2008: Tālivaldis Ķeniņš , Canadian composer and music educator of Latvian origin
- 2009: Ossi Aalto , Finnish jazz drummer and orchestra leader
- 2009: Werner Butter , German copywriter
- 2010: Reinhold Finkbeiner , German composer and organist
- 2011: Sexy Cora , German porn actress
- 2012: Etta James , American singer
- 2012: John Levy , American jazz bassist
- 2013: Jörg Steiner , Swiss writer
- 2014: Claudio Abbado , Italian conductor
- 2014: James Jacks , American film producer
- 2015: Daniel Frank Austin , American botanist
- 2015: Edgar Froese , German musician
- 2015: Georg Lohmeier , German novelist and playwright
- 2015: Ricardo dos Santos , Brazilian windsurfer
- 2016: George Weidenfeld , British journalist, publisher and diplomat
- 2017: Klaus Huhn , German sports journalist
- 2018: Paul Bocuse , French chef, restaurateur and cookbook author
- 2020: Joseph Hannesschläger , German actor
- 2020: Wolfgang J. Fuchs , German non-fiction author, freelance journalist and comics expert
- 2021: Jeremy Kiernan , Irish track and field athlete
holidays and commemorations
- Church commemorations
- St. Sebastian , Roman soldier, martyr and patron saint (Protestant, Catholic)
- Saint Fabian , Roman bishop, martyr and patron saint (Catholic)
- Sarah , progenitor of the people of Israel (Evangelical: LCMS )
- More information about the day
- United States : U.S. Presidential swearing -in (since 1934)
The list of commemoration and action days contains further entries .
Commons : January 20 - Collection of images, videos and audio files
