Werner Steiner the Younger

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Werner Steiner , also Wernher Steiner (born January 20, 1492 in Zug , † October 6, 1542 in Zurich ) was a Swiss reformer .

Life

family

Werner Steiner was the son of his father of the same name Werner Steiner (* around 1452; † December 6, 1517), Amman from the city and office of Zug and his wife Margaretha (* in Menzingen ; † November 10, 1501 in Zug), daughter of Hans Zürcher . His grandfather, Ulrich Steiner, died in 1476 in the Battle of Grandson and two of his brothers and a cousin in the Battle of Marignano , in which his father led the Zug soldiers.

Since October 30, 1529 he was married to Anna (née Arm) († November 20, 1552 in Zurich ) from Wädenswil ; together they had thirteen children.

Career

Werner Steiner had been determined already in his childhood to the clergy, studied in Zurich and received his doctorate in Paris for Master ; In 1513 he was ordained a priest .

He accompanied his father to the Duchy of Milan on August 26, 1515 as a field preacher with the Zug banner during the Milan Wars . In Monza he heard a sermon by Huldrych Zwingli , which he delivered to the Swiss army and made a deep impression on him. After the Italian campaign he became a helper in Schwyz .

In the period from 1516 to 1518 he entered into a personal relationship with Zwingli, who was now reforming in Einsiedeln, and with Franz Zingg († 1530), whose mother came from Zug; However, as Apostolic Protonotary , to which he was appointed in 1518, he still belonged to the Catholic Church until mid-1519.

Together with the Freiburg mayor Peter Falck , the merchant Hans Stokar , the goldsmith Melchior zur Gilgen (1474–1519) and other men from Lucerne , Freiburg , Glarus and Zug, he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1519 . When he started his trip to Jerusalem, he bought a Latin Bible in Venice and read it on the way.

On the occasion of his happy return from the Holy Land , he donated a new altar in the main church of St. Oswald in Zug and in 1520 received the canons' benefice in Beromünster from the government in Lucerne .

He asked Zwingli for instructions on indulgence and got in touch with his friends Diebold von Geroldseck , Leo Jud in Einsiedeln and Konrad Schmid in Küßnach when he was preaching in Lucerne and Einsiedeln in 1522. Through many conversations he began to share the convictions of the friends of Zwingli and in 1521 he preached publicly for the first time in Lucerne in the Reformation spirit.

On July 2, 1522, as the head of the Reformation-minded people, he signed a petition by Zwingli, which he had written together with ten clergy from the Confederation , and which he sent to the Bishop of Constance, Hugo von Hohenlandenberg ; This asked for permission to preach the gospel and the abolition of celibacy . Steiner advised against a further petition with the same content to the secular authorities, because at this time the dispute between Zurich and the majority of places, which Zwingli's ecclesiastical and political teachings rejected, intensified.

Together with Zwingli he participated in the on October 12, 1522 First Mass of Valentin Tschudi at the Rectory in Glarus part.

In Zug, as well as in Lucerne and the Waldstätten , the Reformer's friends were in the minority, against whom the mood of the people gradually became hostile. As early as July 1524, during the Diet in Zug , Joachim Vadian , a member of the Reformed City of St. Gallen , could only be protected from abuse with the help of Steiner's uncle, Lienhard Steiner, until he secretly fled to Zurich. Mistrust was now also aroused against Steiner and his connections to Zurich and Kappel am Albis , where Heinrich Bullinger taught, appeared suspicious. In 1527 he was forbidden to go to Zurich for a long period of time; he also sought protection from the council in vain against insults and insults.

During this time he asked Bullinger for instructions on planned studies, but no longer read mass. Bullinger sent him on April 15, 1528 a Studiorum ratio , a humanistic study guide, which offers a concise summary of the humanistic approach to ancient statements about the writing of history and the presentation of history.

In 1529 Lucerne canceled his benefice in Beromünster and in the same year, because he feared a religious war among the Confederates , he undertook a trip to Solothurn and Bern to consider resettlement there. During his absence, parts of his writings and correspondence were stolen from him to be used against him, whereupon he publicly professed his belief.

He turned to Zurich and only returned to Zug after the peace treaty of July 25, 1529, after he had received a promise of security. After his return, the council imposed a heavy fine on him "for breaking his oath", but granted him permission to leave in return for a further large payment.

On August 26, 1529 he left Zug and went to Zurich, where he bought a house and became a citizen ; his family followed four weeks later.

On August 10, 1531, together with Rudolf Collinus , he accompanied Zwingli to Bremgarten on his last visit to Bullinger and witnessed the farewell between the two. After the defeat in the Second Kappel War in 1531, in which Zwingli died, he took in Bullinger, who had fled Bremgarten, in his house in Zurich; they had been close friends since that time. Bullinger dedicated to him in 1536 his commentary on the letters to Timothy and Leo Jud, the German translation of Zwingli's last work of King I. Franz directed Expositio fidei .

A homosexual aberration from his youth, made known in 1541 by a blackmailer, led to the Zurich council imprisoning him and condemning him to house arrest until his death.

He died of the plague in Zurich.

Writing

Werner Steiner kept historical records and collected Swiss historical songs and published publications.

After Heinrich Utinger (1470–1536) gave him an old book with Swiss songs that began in 1315, he wrote the "first actual collection of songs" from 1532 to 1536 with Swiss historical content. In addition to a commentary on the Pentateuch, he mainly wrote historical works, a chronicle of the Milan wars and a chronicle of the Reformation, which closely followed the portrayal of Bernhard Wyss (1463-1531). In his autobiographical notes, he described his experiences in Zug.

Fonts (selection)

  • Werner Steiner, Konrad Pellikan , Johannes Fries : Missale secundum ordinem sancti Ambrosii. Per Zanotum de Castelliono, ad impensas Ven. Dm. Nicolai Gorgonzole, Milan 1515.
  • Chronicon Tugiense de anno 1503 usque ad annum 1516 . 1530.
  • Miscellanea historica Dr. Wernheri Steineri; conscripsit manu propria Trinepos suus Joh. Rodolphus Steinerus . Helvetio-Tigurinus 1667
  • Short historical description and although mostly in songs, comes from my Atavo or Pfuchänj Hn. Wern. Steiner. Venerated by Hanns Caspar Steiner the Hanss Rudolff Steiner 1685 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ family pedigree of Werner Steiner. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Steiner, Werner. Retrieved July 1, 2020 .
  3. ^ Fritz Büsser: Heinrich Bullinger (1504 - 1575) . Theological Verlag Zurich, 2004, ISBN 978-3-290-17296-1 ( google.de [accessed on July 3, 2020]).
  4. ↑ Zingg, Franz. Retrieved July 2, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Hans Stockar: Journey home from Jerusalem in the year of salvation 1519: and diary from 1520 to 1529 . 1839 ( google.de [accessed July 1, 2020]).
  6. ↑ Gilgen, Melchior zur. Retrieved July 1, 2020 .
  7. ^ Fritz Büsser: Heinrich Bullinger (1504 - 1575) . Theological Verlag Zurich, 2004, ISBN 978-3-290-17296-1 ( google.de [accessed on July 3, 2020]).
  8. ^ Christian Moser: The dignity of the event: Studies on Heinrich Bullinger's Reformation historiography . BRILL, 2012, ISBN 978-90-04-22978-5 ( google.de [accessed July 3, 2020]).
  9. ^ Heinrich Bullinger: Bullinger Heinrich, Works: Dept. 3: Theological writings. Vol. 8: Commentary on the New Testament letters . Theological Verlag Zurich, 2015, ISBN 978-3-290-17784-3 ( google.de [accessed on July 2, 2020]).
  10. ^ Ulrich Zwingli: Huldreich Zwingli's complete works . CA Schwetschke and Son, 1991, ISBN 978-3-290-10029-2 ( google.de [accessed July 2, 2020]).
  11. ^ Utinger, Heinrich. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
  12. ^ Ernst Ludwig Rochholz: Eidgenössische Lieder-Chronik: Collection of the oldest and most valuable battle, federal and party songs from the extinction of the Zähringer to the Reformation . Fischer, 1835 ( google.de [accessed July 3, 2020]).
  13. ↑ Wyss, Bernhard. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Steiner, Werner the Younger
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Steiner, Wernher; Lapidarius, Werner; Lithonius, Werner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss reformer
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1492
PLACE OF BIRTH train
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1542
Place of death Zurich