Hugo von Hohenlandenberg

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Contemporary portrait of the bishop (1502)

Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (* 1457 at Hegi Castle near Winterthur (?); † January 7, 1532 in Meersburg ) was Prince-Bishop of Constance .

Life

Hugo von Hohenlandenberg came from the Landenberg family . His father was Jakob von Hohenlandenberg and his mother Barbara von Hegi, daughter of Hugo von Hegi , the last representative of the von Hegi family. After two years as provost in Erfurt , he was canon in Basel from 1486 and later in Chur . In 1492 he was appointed dean of the cathedral. On October 17, 1496 he was elected Bishop of the Diocese of Constance by the Constance Cathedral Chapter and consecrated on December 18, 1496.

Hugo von Hohenlandenberg died in the episcopal residence of Meersburg and was buried in the choir of the Catholic parish church of Meersburg. The subsequent parish church was built from 1827 to 1829 and the remains of Hugo von Hohenlandenberg as well as Christoph Metzler and Franz Konrad von Rodt such as Maximilian Christoph von Rodt and Johann Georg von Hallwyl were reburied in the vaulted crypt near the entrance.

Conflicts in Constance

Because of increasing conflicts with the city of Constance , the bishop stayed primarily in Meersburg since 1506 . At that time, Constance was legally divided into two parts: Within the Free Imperial City , which was governed by a council of citizens, there was a cathedral district that was solely under the jurisdiction of the bishop, and an associated group of clerics who were also officially under the jurisdiction of the city was withdrawn. The council saw with dismay that the bishop was trying to regain more secular influence in the city than his predecessors. Above all, the bishop endeavored to expand the competence of his jurisdiction . For example, legal disputes between clergy and laypeople should not be brought before the city court, but rather before the episcopal court. There were already differences of opinion about this in 1497 with the free imperial city of Baden, where Pastor Hartmann Feierabend had asked the bishop for help. A peace treaty was concluded between the city and the cathedral chapter in 1511 on various points of contention, but no agreement could be reached on questions of the place of jurisdiction and the administration of the cathedral treasury, which the city would have liked to have a say.

Dispute about the Reichenau

The bishop also tried to incorporate the Reichenau monastery and its possessions into the Constance Monastery , which the people of Constance also disliked as they feared the increase in power. In 1510 Maximilian I awarded Reichenau to the Bishop of Constance for 10 years. In the same year, however, the emperor had promised the city a say in this matter, so there was no transfer. However, the bishop continued to strive for Reichenau, which Pope Leo X finally approved for him in February 1514 . However, the city opposed enforcement by forbidding the canons to leave the city. In 1516, Maximilian finally persuaded the bishop to resign.

Spread of the Reformation

The bishop also gave the council cause for complaint on questions of morality. The bishop took only half-hearted measures against the frequent offenses of his priests against celibacy , after all he earned from the income for indulgences . He himself had had a relationship with Barbara von Hof, the wife of the Mayor of Konstanz, Jörg von Hof, since the early 1920s.

In the plague year of 1519, the teachings of the Reformation spread increasingly in Constance , which the city was very accommodating. Local preachers adopted the teachings of Luther and Zwingli . A local group of humanists got together, which in 1522 even received a visit from the famous Erasmus of Rotterdam . The city council even promoted the spread of scriptural preaching through an official commandment. An expert opinion written for the city by Ambrosius Blarer and others recommended the introduction of the Reformation.

Excerpt of the bishop

When the Peasants' War threatened the city in 1525 , the bishop asked the council for protection for himself and the cathedral chapter. The council forced those seeking protection to swear an oath of obedience in return and to make future tax payments to the city. In November 1526 the council asked the clergy to take part in the fortification of the city. He achieved final naturalization and submission to the clergy in June 1527.

The bishop had already threatened several times to finally move his residence out of the city. In November 1526 he finally moved to Meersburg . Part of the cathedral chapter followed him and thus evaded his obligations. The bishop urged the other clergy to follow him. A negotiation on March 11, 1527 in Überlingen failed; thus the bishopric was finally withdrawn from Constance for the time being. The bishop forbade the payment of benefices to the few clergymen who had remained in Constance and left them to secular jurisdiction. After the bishop moved out, the furnishings of the Constance Minster were almost completely destroyed in the iconoclasm ; the city confiscated the valuable cathedral treasure and turned it into money.

Hugo von Hohenlandenberg officially resigned on January 5, 1529. From 1531 until his death in January 1532 he held office again temporarily for a short time because his successor Balthasar Merklin had died.

Patronage

Middle panel of the so-called Bockstorfer Altar

The following important works of art are thanks to Hugo von Hohenlandenberg:

  • He is also shown as the founder on a predella with a burial of Christ around 1515. This predella was in the Fürstenberg collections in Donaueschingen and was sold to Reinhold Würth in 2003 with most of the old German pictures.
  • Illustrated Latin missal of the bishop with book illumination, originally in four volumes. Vol. 2-4 are now in the Archbishop's Archives of Freiburg im Breisgau (Cod. Da 42, 2-4), the first volume was sold in single sheets in 1832 (see also Cathedral Library in Konstanz ). The illustrations come from two illuminators: Hans Springinklee d. Ä. (Nuremberg) - Volumes 1 and 3 - and Ulrich Taler (Augsburg) - Volumes 2 and 4.

In 1497, under Bishop von Hohenlandenberg, construction of the central tower began at the Konstanz Minster . After a fire in 1511, however, the building remained unfinished. In 1515 he also commissioned a new organ and an artfully carved organ gallery.

Starting in 1508, the bishop had Meersburg Castle expanded and turned into an episcopal residence. Around this time he also repaired the castle of the Bishops of Constance in Markdorf and expanded it into an imposing residential tower. Also Arbon Castle ( Arbon ) he significantly expand.

literature

Web links

Commons : Hugo von Hohenlandenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ A stone tablet on the right at the entrance to the Catholic parish church of Meersburg documents that Hugo von Hohenlandenberg is probably buried in the vaulted crypt.
  2. ↑ Joseph Bergmann: "Die Reichsgrafen von und zu Hohenembs in Vorarlberg", Volume 11 of Memoranda / Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Philosophical-Historical Class, 1861
  3. ↑ Burkhardt 1991, p. 35
  4. ^ Alois Schneider: Castles and fortifications in the Lake Constance district. In: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Find reports from Baden-Württemberg. Volume 14. 1st edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3 510 49114 9 , ISSN 0071-9897, pp. 580-581; Hugo von Hohenlandenberg's coat of arms above the entrance portal of the Markdorf Bishop's Palace
predecessor Office successor
Thomas Berlower Bishop of Constance
1496 - 1529
(also provisional 1531 - 1532 ) 		Balthasar Merklin
personal data
SURNAME Hohenlandenberg, Hugo von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Constance
DATE OF BIRTH 1457
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Hegi Castle near Winterthur
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1532
Place of death Meersburg