Minh Mạng
| Minh Mạng ( 明 命 ) | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Prince name | Nguyễn Phúc Đảm ( 阮 福 膽 ) |
| Personal name | Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu ( 阮 福 晈 ) |
| Born | May 25, 1791 |
| Died | January 20, 1841 |
| Term of office | February 14, 1820 to January 11, 1841 |
| Ara designation | Minh Mạng ( 明 命 ) |
| Temple name | Thánh Tổ ( 聖祖 ) |
| Posthumous name | Nhân Hoàng Đế ( 仁 皇帝 ) |
| Resting place | Hiếu Lăng ( 孝陵 ) |
| Era period | February 14, 1820 to February 11, 1841 |
Emperor Minh Mạng ( Hán tự : 明 命 ; * May 25, 1791 in Huế ; † January 20, 1841 ibid) was the second emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty , he held this office from February 14, 1820 until his death. His real name was Nguyễn Phúc Đảm, and he chose Minh Mạng as an acronym .
biography
Minh Mạng was a younger son of Emperor Gia Long , whose eldest son, Crown Prince Canh, died during the Nguyễn War for the throne. Minh Mạng was known for his resistance to the involvement of the French in Vietnam and for his rigid Confucian orthodoxy .
Like all Nguyễn emperors, he had to deal with some peasant revolts, but he managed to suppress them. The most serious threat, however, came from one of his father's most loyal governors and national hero in Vietnam, Le Van Duyet . Duyet won the war for the Nguyễn forces at Qui Nhơn and was installed by Gia Long as regent in the south with the freedom to rule and negotiate with foreign powers. Duyet had opposed the enthronement of Minh Mạng, who became violent against the influences of foreigners and Christianity , because it would be a betrayal of the same people who would have brought Gia Long to the throne.
Le Van Duyet, however, died before Minh Mạng could act against him, but in a humiliating act of revenge in 1832 Minh M geschng had desecrated Duyet's grave and publicly dishonored his remains. This act, especially humiliating in Confucian society, led Duyet's son, Le Van Khoi , to lead a rebellion against Minh Mạng. The Christian missionary Joseph Marchand also fought on Khoi's side. For the Nguyễn dynasty, it was a hopeless situation when Thailand also seized the opportunity to invade the southern part of Vietnam. The Nguyon forces were barely able to repel the attack and suppress the rebels, after which violent retaliation emerged.
Although those who met Emperor Minh Mạng always agreed that he was a wise and distinguished man personally, his harsh policies had dangerous effects on his country. His strict belief in Confucian society meant that no innovation of any kind was allowed during his reign, and when rebellions broke out, his first reaction was to hold the Christian missionaries and their Vietnamese converts responsible. He passed laws that forbade the spread of new religions and brought hundreds of Christians to their deaths. France later used this as a pretext to invade Vietnam, and in 1858 French troops briefly occupied Tourane with the demand that the persecutions end. That was the beginning of the French campaign in the following years to observe and colonize Vietnam for nearly 100 years.
In the end, Minh Mạng died and left the throne to his son, Emperor Thiệu Trị , who was just as rigid a Confucianist and xenophobia as his father. Still, during his reign, Minh Mạng established a more efficient government, ended a Thai invasion, and built many national monuments in the imperial city of Huế. While his legacy is a success for him, his policy also brought many difficulties to Vietnam after he died.
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Minh Mạng |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | 明 命 (acronym, traditional); Nguyễn Phúc, Đảm (real name); Thánh Tổ (temple name); Nhân Hoàng Đế (posthumous name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Vietnamese emperor, second emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty (1820–1841) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 25, 1791 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Huế |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 20, 1841 |
| Place of death | Huế |