Johann Friedrich Danneil

Johann Friedrich Danneil

Johann Friedrich Danneil , actually Johann Friedrich Dannehl (born March 18, 1783 in Kalbe (Milde) , † January 20, 1868 in Salzwedel ) was a German prehistorian and educator .

He is considered to be one of the founders of the three-period system , a scientific system of archeology. At the beginning of the 20th century, attempts were made to dispute the priority of the German side from the Dane Christian Jürgensen Thomsen . In addition to Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch , Danneil was identified as the actual founder of the system, since his findings are based on his own excavation results.

Life

His parents were the glazier Johann Friedrich Danehl (1753-1834) and his wife Engel Maria Wille († 1805), who came from a farming family in the Altmark region.

In 1803 he studied at the University of Halle and heard theological , philological and philosophical lectures. Due to his strong pedagogical skills, he was advised against a theological career. Even before his studies he worked as a teacher. In 1804 he was appointed teacher at the high school in Salzwedel, 1807 sub-director and in 1819 director of this educational establishment.

Danneil was married twice. In 1808 he married Wilhelmine Wolterstorff († 1823), a daughter of the high school rector and pastor in Salzwedel Christian Wolterstorff . After the death of his first wife, he married Dorothea von Voss († 1859), a daughter of the district court director of Voss from Salzwedel , in 1823 . He had a total of 14 children. Danneil died in 1868 at the age of 84.

Services as an archaeologist and local researcher

Danneil undertook the first excavations in the Altmark around 1820 . He introduced groundbreaking innovations in his research into prehistoric objects. He was the first to differentiate between " barrows ", " cone graves " and " flat graves ". He took into account subsequent burials , was the first to point out the importance of a closed find and made ethnic assignments of the archaeological finds. In 1835 he published the general report on excavations in the vicinity of Salzwedel , in which he differentiated between the Stone Age , the Bronze Age and the Iron Age . Danneil's work had no direct impact in the 19th century; he himself finally turned away from archeology .

Danneil achieved special regional importance for his homeland, the Altmark , in 1836 through the establishment of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry , which he led as secretary (managing director) until the cessation of activities in 1848 - in the course of the revolutionary events. The association's chairman was District Administrator Wilhelm von der Schulenburg , who was one of the successors to District Administrator Johann Ludwig von Westphalen , Karl Marx's father-in-law , in Salzwedel . In 1857, Danneil activated the association again and appointed the pharmacist and local researcher Theodor Zechlin as his successor , whose grandson was the well-known historian Egmont Zechlin . Theodor Zechlin and his son Konrad Zechlin continued the archaeological and local history activities of Danneil.

Publications (selection)

• Church history of the city of Salzwedel. With a document book. CA Schwetschke and Son, Halle 1842, ( digitized ).
• The gender of the von der Schulenburg. 3 volumes. Commissioned by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1847, ( digitized volume 1 ; digitized volume 2 ; digitized family tables ).
• Dictionary of the Altmark-Low German dialect In Commission by JD Schmidt, Salzwedel 1859, ( digitized ; digitized with text ).

Others

The Johann Friedrich Danneil Museum in Salzwedel mainly shows numerous prehistoric exhibits. It opened on September 28, 1932.

literature

• Eduard Jacobs:  Danneil, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, pp. 619-622.
• Heinrich Danneil : Johann Friedrich Danneil. In: Central German Life Pictures. Volume 1: Pictures of the 19th Century. Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and for Anhalt, Magdeburg 1926, pp. 71–77.
• Georg Kossack:  Danneil, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 510 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Josef Beranek: Johann Friedrich Danneil. His services to homeland and prehistory research in the Altmark (= Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Scientific contributions. 1969, 7, ISSN  0440-1298 = Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Scientific contributions. Series L: Vor - and prehistoric contributions. 6). Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale) 1969.

Web links

• http://www.danneil-museum.de Johann-Friedrich-Danneil-Museum, local history museum of the district of Salzwedel