December

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Names for December
earlier:	Christmond, Christmonat, Julmond, Dustermond, Heilmond, Heiligenmonat, Wendeling
Lat.  Nom .:	December / 10ber / Xber
Lat.  Gene. :	Decembris / 10bris / Xbris

The December is the twelfth and last month of the year of the Gregorian calendar , with 31 days .

history

In the Roman calendar , December was the tenth month ( Latin decem = ten) of the 354-day lunar calendar . In 153 BC Chr. Was beginning brought forward by two months, so that the direct relationship was lost between names and monthly count. This is sometimes actually overlooked when transferring previously used Latin dates. Under Emperor Commodus , the month was renamed Exsuperatorius , but after the emperor's death it got its old name back.

December 21st or 22nd is the solstice day . The sun is exactly above the Tropic of Capricorn at the southern latitude of 23 ° 26.3 ′. This day is the shortest of the year in the northern hemisphere , the night is the longest, and the reverse is true in the southern hemisphere .

The old German name of December is Julmond . The name comes from the Julfest , the Germanic celebration of the winter solstice . Other names for December are Christian month , since Christmas - the Christmas festival - is celebrated in December, or also Heilmond , since "Christ brings salvation". The latter names only appeared after the rededication of the Yule Festival in the course of Christianization .

In contrast to the normal calendar, the Christian church year begins on the first Sunday in Advent . This can be the end of November or the beginning of December, depending on which day of the week Christmas falls.

December always begins on the same day of the week as September .

The days between Christmas and New Year are often referred to colloquially as " between the years ".

If December 29th, 30th or 31st is a Monday, the days from Monday are added to the first calendar week of the following year. In this case, according to the DIN standard , the last calendar week of the year ends on the last Sunday in December. Such a year always has 52 calendar weeks.

Length of the days on December 15th ("winter time")

place	Length of days / a
Munich	7:54 a.m. - 4:21 p.m.
Hamburg	8:29 a.m. - 4 p.m.
North Pole	Polar night
North Cape / Norway	Polar night
Lomé / Togo	6:01 a.m. - 5:48 p.m.
Cape Town / South Africa	5:22 a.m. - 7:48 p.m.
South Pole	Polar day

Poems

• December Poems , selected by Evelyne Polt-Heinzl and Christine Schmidjell, Reclam's Universal Library No. 19122, Philipp Reclam jun. GmbH & Co. KG, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-15-019122-4

gallery

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  Chronograph from 354

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  Dresden Striezelmarkt

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  Christmas goose

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  Winter landscape

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  Christmas tree

See also

• List of days of remembrance and action # December
• List of pawn rules # December

Web links

Commons : December  - album of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: December  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• December. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 2 : Beer murderer – D - (II). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1860, Sp. 878-880 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
• December (Erich Kästner)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Clauss : Emperor and God: Rulers Cult in the Roman Empire . Munich: KG Saur Verlag, reprint of the 1st edition 2001, p. 241 ( limited preview in the Google book search, accessed on June 19, 2017).