December 31
The December 31 is the 365th day of the Gregorian calendar (the 366th in leap years ), and thus the last day of the year.
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Historic anniversaries November · December · January |
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events
Politics and world events
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- 192: Narcissus strangles the Roman emperor Commodus . His successor Pertinax becomes the first emperor of the second year of the four emperors in 193.
- 406: After crossing the Rhine in the course of the migration of peoples , Vandals , Alans and Suebi begin common incursions into western Roman Gaul .
- 535: The general Belisarius conquers Syracuse with his troops . Thus the rule of ends Vandals in Sicily , which is now a part of the Byzantine Empire under I. Justinian is.
- 870: Anglo-Saxons defeat Danish Vikings invading England in the Battle of Englefield .
- 1229: Jacob I of Aragón and his knights take the city of Medina Mayurqa, held by the Muslim Almohads under Abu Yahia , during the Reconquista and rename it Palma .
- 1435: The Peace of Brest ends the decades-long struggle between the Teutonic Order and the Polish - Lithuanian Union.
- 1472: Throwing snowballs is banned in Amsterdam .
- 1494: The troops of the French King Charles VIII invade Rome during the First Italian War . The ruler wants to enforce hereditary claims on the Kingdom of Naples , which further intensifies the Habsburg-French antagonism , but also alarms the other small Italian states.
- 1519: The so-called equestrian war between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland begins with an attack on the town of Braunsberg in Warmia by Grand Master Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach .
- 1621: The Peace of Nikolsburg ends the conflict between Emperor Ferdinand II and Bethlen Gábor , Prince of Transylvania , at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War .
- 1687: The first Huguenots to emigrate from France because of the persecution of Huguenots there and the Edict of Fontainebleau leave the Netherlands on the Voorschotten ship for the Cape of Good Hope .
- 1768: The controversial Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana penal code comes into force in the Habsburg Monarchy , with the exception of Hungary.
- 1775: The British defeat American troops in the Battle of Québec , preventing the conquest of Canada in the American War of Independence .
- 1805: The last day of validity of the French revolutionary calendar dawns.
- 1851: The Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I issues the New Year's Eve patent, which replaces the October constitution of 1849, which never came into force . With this the time of neo-absolutism begins .
- 1857: Queen Victoria designates Ottawa as the Canadian capital.
- 1862: During the Civil War , the Battle of the Stones River begins between the Union forces under William Starke Rosecrans and the Confederates under Braxton Bragg for supremacy in Tennessee. The battle lasted until January 2, 1863.
- 1917: The British troop transport Osmanieh runs off Alexandria on a sea mine laid by the German submarine UC 34 and sinks within a few minutes. 199 people are killed.
- 1944: Operation Nordwind , the last German offensive on the Western Front in World War II, begins in the last hours of the evening .
- 1948: The 100,000 takes place in West Berlin . Airplane landing since the airlift was built .
- 1950: In his New Year's Eve address, Federal President Theodor Heuss introduces the hymn to Germany , which he wishes to become the German national anthem .
- 1954: The three-day conference of the people's representatives of the GDR , the People's Republic of Poland and Czechoslovakia in Prague ends with the decision on the common protection of the inviolability of the borders of the three states.
- 1963: The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland , which comprises the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland , falls apart.
- 1964: The three-day census in the GDR ends. According to this, the resident population comprises 17,003,632 people. In 1950 there were 18,388,172 people.
- 1968: Following the September 4th coup against Alphonse Massemba-Débat , Marien Ngouabi becomes President of the Republic of the Congo .
- 1991: The German television radio , the former GDR television, has its last broadcast day.
- 1991: The Soviet Union is officially dissolved after the dissolution resolution of December 8th .
- 1992: The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (ČSFR) is dissolved. The Czech Republic with the capital Prague and the Slovak Republic with the capital Bratislava emerge as independent states.
- 1999: President Boris Yeltsin resigns and Vladimir Putin becomes President of Russia .
- 1999: The US hands over the Panama Canal Zone to Panama .
- 2004: The Lower Saxony State Center for Political Education is dissolved by a decision of the cabinet under Prime Minister Christian Wulff .
- 2019: Government authorities in Wuhan confirm the occurrence of the previously unknown disease COVID-19 for the first time .
business
- 1600: The British East India Company is founded by a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to London merchants.
- 1799: The bankrupt Dutch East India Company is formally declared dissolved.
- 1899: In Austria-Hungary , the newspaper stamp fee , which goes back to Joseph II , is finally abolished.
- 1960: In the United Kingdom from the 13th century until the year 1956 imprinted loses coin Farthing his capacity as legal tender .
- 1969: The MSCI World starts with an initial value of 100 points.
- 1983: Bremer Werft AG Weser is closed, more than 2,000 employees lose their jobs.
- 1985: Friedrich Karl Flick sells the Flick Group, including Feldmühle AG , for five billion Deutschmarks to Deutsche Bank , which plans to go public after the company has been restructured .
- 2004: In Lithuania , 21 years after the start of operations ordered by the Moscow Politburo, the first block of the Ignalina nuclear power plant is shut down. The European Union bears most of the decommissioning costs .
- 2009: The Ignalina nuclear power plant in Lithuania is finally shut down.
science and technology
- 1862: The USS Monitor , the first ironclad in the United States Navy , sinks in a storm in heavy seas off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
- 1872: With the Albert Bridge , London opens a connection between the two districts of Chelsea and Battersea across the Thames .
- 1879: Thomas Alva Edison first demonstrates his electric lighting in Menlo Park , New Jersey .
- 1908: Wilbur Wright flies 124 km in two hours and 20 minutes with the Flyer at Le Mans .
- 1909: The Manhattan Bridge , a suspension bridge over the East River between Manhattan and Brooklyn , is ceremoniously opened.
- 1938: The first civil aircraft equipped with a pressurized cabin , the Boeing 307 Stratoliner , makes its maiden flight .
- 1968: The Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic aircraft takes off on its maiden flight .
- 1989: Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner reach the geographic South Pole on their Antarctic crossing on foot and on skis .
- 1998: At midnight, the German coastal radio station Norddeich Radio ceases operations.
- 2004: Taipei 101 , the tallest office building in the world until July 2007 , is inaugurated in Taipei , the capital of Taiwan.
Culture
- 1467: The incunabula printer Ulrich Han prints the meditations of Cardinal Juan de Torquemada in Rome , making the oldest woodcut book in Italy .
- 1842: The first performance of the comic opera Der Wildschütz by Albert Lortzing takes place at the Stadttheater in Leipzig .
- 1896: During the rubber boom , the Teatro Amazonas opens in Manaus , Brazil , in the middle of the Amazon basin .
- 1904: New York Times Square is first used to celebrate the New Year.
- 1922: The Filmbund is founded in Vienna as the "Association of all Austria's film makers".
- 1935: The world premiere of the cheerful opera The Great Sinner by Eduard Künneke takes place at the State Opera Unter den Linden in Berlin .
- 1936: In Magdeburg , the operetta Love is premiered in Lerchengasse by Arno Vetterling .
- 1938: At the Municipal Theater in Kiel the operetta season in Salzburg by Fred Raymond premiered.
- 1939: The Vienna Philharmonic give their first New Year's concert .
- 1952: In Koblenz the operetta is all vagaries of Siegfried Koehler premiered.
- 1969: The Hamburg Star Club , made legendary by the performances of the Beatles , closes.
- 1973: First public appearance by the Australian rock band AC / DC .
- 1998: The American science fiction film Star Trek - The Uprising starts in German cinemas. It is the ninth feature film in the Star Trek series.
religion
- 1929: Pope Pius XI. publishes the encyclical on the Christian education of young people under the title Divini illius magistri .
- 1930: In his encyclical Casti connubii , Pope Pius XI forbids the interfaith marriage and condemns all forms of contraception .
- 1946: Joseph Cardinal Frings delivers his famous New Year's Eve sermon , in which he excuses stealing coal to alleviate hardship. The word “fringsen” subsequently becomes a synonym for mouth robbery .
Disasters
- 1703: A large earthquake shakes the Japanese prefecture of Kanagawa . Along with a subsequent tsunami, it is wreaking havoc in Tokyo, Odawara, and other locations in the region. Over 10,000 people die in the natural disaster .
- 1720: A severe storm surge caused considerable damage on the German North Sea coast . On Heligoland , the dune is separated from the main island in the sea, which also rages on the New Year .
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
nature and environment
1997: Hainich National Park with treetop path
- 1997: The Hainich National Park in Thuringia is founded.
Sports
- 1925: The international New Year's Eve run Corrida Internacional de São Silvestre is held for the first time in São Paulo .
- 1990: The last time the long-term rivals Garry Kasparov and Anatoli Karpov meet at the board in the fight for the world chess championship . Kasparov remains world champion after the last game with 12.5: 11.5 points.
- Every year on this day the final game of the Spengler Cup ice hockey tournament takes place in Davos .
Entries of track and field world records can be found under the respective discipline under track and field .
Born
Before the 18th century
- 695: Muhammad ibn al-Qasim Arab general
- 1378: Calixt III. , Pope
- 1475: Gendün Gyatsho , second Dalai Lama
- 1488: Johann Briesmann , German theologian and reformer
- 1491: Jacques Cartier , French explorer and navigator
- 1493: Eleonora Gonzaga della Rovere Duchess of Urbino
- 1499: Diana of Poitiers , Comtess of Saint-Vallier, Duchess of Étampes and Valentinois
- 1504: Beatrix of Portugal , Duchess of Savoy
- 1514: Andreas Vesalius , Flemish anatomist
- 1517: Katharina von Tecklenburg , abbess of the Essen monastery
- 1518: Hieronymus Gerhard , statesman from Württemberg
- 1550: Henri de Guise , French military leader
- 1564: Ernst II , Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg, Prince of Lüneburg
- 1571: Go-Yōzei , Emperor of Japan
- 1574: Franz Ludwig von Erlach , mayor of Bern
- 1585: Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba , Spanish general
- 1586: Magdalena Sibylle of Prussia , Electress of Saxony
- 1626: Ladislaus Esterházy , Hungarian general
- 1667: Friedrich Ulrich Cirksena , Dutch lieutenant general and count in East Frisia
- 1668: Herman Boerhaave , Dutch medic
18th century
- 1702: Charles François II. De Montmorency-Luxembourg , Marshal of France
- 1706: Johanna Magdalena von Gersdorf , German hymn poet
- 1718: Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier , French theologian
- 1720: Charles Edward Stuart , British nobleman, heir to the throne
- 1734: Maria Ursula Columba de Groote , wife of the mayor of Cologne
- 1738: Charles Cornwallis , British general and politician, Governor General of India
- 1739: Friedrich Wilhelm von Arnim-Boitzenburg , Prussian civil servant and minister of war
- 1741: Maria Isabella of Bourbon-Parma , Princess of Bourbon-Parma and Archduchess of Austria
- 1747: Gottfried August Bürger , German poet
- 1751: Johann Baptist von Lampi , Italian portrait painter
- 1757: Johann Daniel Hensel , German educator, writer and composer
- 1758: Johann Heinrich Bleuler , Swiss painter and engraver
- 1761: Christian Hendrik Persoon , South African mycologist
- 1764: Johann Albert Eytelwein , German civil engineer
- 1790: Antonie Adamberger , Austrian actress
- 1798: Friedrich Robert Fählmann , German-Estonian philologist
19th century
1801 to 1850
- 1801: Johann Eduard Heuchler , German architect and builder
- 1803: Johann Carl Fuhlrott , German naturalist
- 1803: José María Heredia , Cuban poet
- 1805: Marie d'Agoult , French writer
- 1812: Johann Bast , German-American architect
- 1813: Henry Bence Jones , British physician
- 1815: George Gordon Meade , American general
- 1816: William Gull , English physician
- 1820: Helene Demuth , Jenny and Karl Marx's housekeeper
- 1821: Philipp M. Schmutzer , Austrian musician and composer
- 1824: Bernard Altum , German zoologist, ornithologist and forest scientist
- 1825: Robert Austin , English explorer and engineer
- 1825: James Hobrecht , German town planner
- 1826: Henry Hiles , English composer, organist and music teacher
- 1829: Isacco Artom , Italian politician and diplomat
- 1830: Ismail Pasha , Egyptian nobleman, Wali and Khedive of the Ottoman province of Egypt
- 1837: Wilhelm Fleischmann , German agricultural scientist
- 1838: Aimé-Jules Dalou , French sculptor
- 1842: Giovanni Boldini , Italian portrait painter
- 1844: Ebe Walter Tunnell , American politician, governor of Delaware
- 1846: Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis , Dutch politician
- 1847: Wilson S. Bissell , American politician, Minister of Post
- 1848: Amos Burn , British chess player
1851 to 1900
- 1851: Henry Carter Adams , American finance and economist
- 1851: Frederick Courteney Selous , British big game hunter and officer
- 1853: Jakob Reumann , Austrian politician, Reichsrat, Mayor and first Governor of Vienna, Chairman of the Federal Council
- 1855: Giovanni Pascoli , Italian poet
- 1856: Hildegard Voigt , German writer
- 1857: Frank C. Archibald , American lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Vermont
- 1857: Hermann Oppenheim , German neurologist
- 1861: August Abegg , Swiss textile manufacturer
- 1862: Richard Abramowski , German Protestant theologian
- 1864: Robert Grant Aitken , American astronomer
- 1864: Hans am Ende , German painter
- 1864: Alessandro Longo , Italian composer and musicologist
- 1865: Ferdinand Noack , German archaeologist
- 1867: Josef Feinhals , German entrepreneur
- 1867: Saitō Ryokuu , Japanese writer
- 1868: Arthur Keller , German medic
- 1868: Erich Ziebarth , German ancient historian
- 1869: Henri Matisse , French painter and printmaker
- 1870: Mbah Gotho , said to have been the oldest person in the world (was 146 years old)
- 1874: Lucas Bridges , Argentine writer, ethnographer and farmer
- 1877: Lawrence Beesley , British teacher, journalist and author
- 1877: Viktor Dyk , Czech poet and prose writer, playwright, politician and lawyer
- 1877: August Frölich , German politician and trade unionist, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister, Member of the State Parliament, President of the State Parliament
- 1879: Albert Werkmüller , German athlete, soccer player and gymnast
- 1880: George Catlett Marshall , American general and politician, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, Nobel Prize Winner
- 1881: Paul Boldt , German expressionist poet
- 1881: Max Pechstein , German painter and graphic artist of Expressionism
- 1885: Edgar Leslie , American songwriter
- 1885: Franz von Hoeßlin , German conductor and composer
- 1887: Gaston Modot , French actor
- 1887: Willy Römer , German press photographer
- 1889: Adolf Grimme , German politician, state minister, MdL, general director of Northwest German Broadcasting
- 1889: Marcel Pilet-Golaz , Swiss politician, Federal Councilor, multiple Federal Minister, Federal President
- 1890: Karl Artelt , German navy and politician, one of the leaders of the Kiel sailors' uprising
- 1890: Friedrich Nowack , German politician and trade unionist, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- 1891: Josef Lechthaler , Austrian composer
- 1891: José Saldías , Argentine writer and journalist
- 1893: Mina Amann , German trade unionist and politician
- 1893: Friedrich Christian Prince of Saxony , German nobleman, head of the House of Wettin
- 1894: Ernest John Moeran , British composer
- 1896: Gladys Egbert , Canadian pianist and music teacher
- 1896: Carl Ludwig Siegel , German mathematician
- 1897: Frank Skinner , American composer
- 1898: Erich Sauer , German theologian
- 1899: Silvestre Revueltas , Mexican composer
- 1899: Margarete Schlegel , German actress
20th century
1901-1925
- 1901: Lionel Daunais , Canadian singer, opera director and composer
- 1902: Matthias Gleitze , German local politician
- 1903: Nathan Milstein , American violinist of Ukrainian origin
- 1905: Frank Barufski , German actor, radio play speaker and presenter
- 1905: Guy Mollet , French politician, Prime Minister
- 1905: Jule Styne , American composer
- 1908: Simon Wiesenthal , Austrian architect, publicist and writer, head of the Jewish Documentation Center in Vienna
- 1909: Giuseppe Addobbati , Italian actor
- 1909: Ernst Kramer , German architect and local historian
- 1910: Werner Conze , German historian and university professor
- 1912: Heinz Adler , German politician, MdL
- 1912: Pierre Amandry , French Classical Archaeologist
- 1912: John Dutton Frost , British major general
- 1912: Johana Harris , Canadian pianist, composer and music teacher
- 1913: Peruchín , Cuban pianist, composer and arranger
- 1913: René Schneider , Chilean general of German descent, Commander in Chief of the Army
- 1915: Loys Masson , French writer
- 1917: Italo Astolfi , Italian track cyclist
- 1918: Gunder Hägg , Swedish athlete
- 1919: Karlhans Paul Abel , German classical philologist
- 1919: Artur Fischer , German inventor
- 1920: Rex Allen , American singer and actor
- 1920: Günter Matthes , German journalist
- 1921: Lynn Compton , American officer
- 1922: Tom Fears , American football player and coach
- 1925: Irina Korschunow , German writer
- 1925: Jaap Schröder , Dutch violinist and conductor
- 1925: Hermann Josef Spital , German clergyman and theologian, Bishop of Trier
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1926-1950
- 1926: Hermann Lübbe , German philosopher
- 1927: Dieter Noll , German writer
- 1928: Hugh McElhenny , American football player
- 1929: Doug Anthony , Australian politician, minister
- 1929: Ivor Arbiter , English instrument maker
- 1929: Jeremy Bernstein , American theoretical physicist and science essayist
- 1929: Võ Quý , Vietnamese ornithologist and university professor
- 1930: Walter Müller , German gymnast
- 1931: Mildred Scheel , German doctor, wife of Walter Scheel and founder of the German Cancer Aid
- 1932: Felix Rexhausen , German journalist, author and satirist
- 1933: Elisa Gabbai , Israeli pop singer
- 1934: Inge Auerbacher , American chemist
- 1935: Rolf Haufs , German poet
- 1935: Peter Herbolzheimer , German trombonist and band leader
- 1936: William French Anderson , American physician, genetic engineer, and molecular biologist
- 1936: Siw Malmkvist , Swedish pop singer
- 1937: Nicolas Born , German writer
- 1937: Avram Hershko , Israeli biochemist of Hungarian origin, Nobel Prize winner
- 1937: Anthony Hopkins , British-American actor
- 1937: Milutin Šoškić , Yugoslav football player and coach
- 1937: Paul Spiegel , German journalist and entrepreneur, President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany
- 1939: Peter Camejo , American politician, environmentalist and writer
- 1939: Günter Lehmann , German professor and director of the European Institute for Postgraduate Education
- 1939: Edmone Roffael , Arab-German chemist and wood and forest scientist
- 1940: Karl Bauer , German landscape architect and architect
- 1940: José de Anchieta Fontana , Brazilian soccer player
- 1940: Mani Neumeier , German rock musician ( Guru Guru )
- 1940: Eberhard Schuster , German soccer player
- 1940: Harald Spehl , German professor
- 1941: Alex Ferguson , Scottish football player and coach
- 1941: Sarah Miles , British actress
- 1942: Gunter Hofmann , German journalist
- 1942: Ferdinand Lacina , Austrian politician, Federal Minister, member of the National Council
- 1942: Andy Summers , English pop and rock guitarist
- 1943: Yawovi Agboyibo , Togolese politician, Prime Minister
- 1943: John Denver , American country and folk singer
- 1943: Wolfgang Gerhardt , German politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister, Member of the Bundestag
- 1943: Horst Heese , German soccer player and coach
- 1943: Ben Kingsley , British actor
- 1943: Lynzee Klingman , American film editor
- 1944: Taylor Hackford , American director and producer
- 1944: Dieter Weirich , German journalist
- 1945: Leonard Adleman , American mathematician and cryptologist
- 1945: Barbara Carrera , American actress, model
- 1946: Werner Adler , German soccer player
- 1946: Lyudmila Alexejewna Pachomowa , Soviet figure skater, world champion, Olympic champion
- 1947: Ralph Eichler , Swiss physicist
- 1947: Klaus Hagemann , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1947: Gerhard Ludwig Müller , German clergyman and theologian, Bishop of Regensburg, cardinal
- 1948: Viktor Michailowitsch Afanassjew , Soviet cosmonaut
- 1948: Joe Dallesandro , American actor
- 1948: Daniel Díaz Torres , Cuban film director
- 1948: Donna Summer , American singer
- 1949: Karl Amon , Austrian journalist
- 1949: Neil Crang , Australian racing car driver
- 1949: Rainer Fetting , German painter and sculptor
- 1949: Bärbel Zieling , German local politician, Lord Mayor of Duisburg
- 1950: Karl Addicks , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1950: Carl-Hubertus von Butler , German general, commander of the Army Command
- 1950: Inge Helten , German athlete, Olympic medalist
- 1950: Tomás Herrera , Cuban basketball player
1951-1975
- 1951: Hans Böck , Austrian journalist
- 1951: Tom Hamilton , American musician
- 1951: Jimmy Haslip , American jazz bassist
- 1951: Hartmut Möllring , German politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister
- 1951: Vasilis Rakopoulos , Greek guitarist, trumpeter and music teacher
- 1951: Kenny Roberts sr. , American motorcycle racer
- 1952: Thomas Bopp , German politician, MdL
- 1952: Lawrence Fritts , American composer and music teacher
- 1952: Jean-Pierre Rives , French rugby union player and sculptor
- 1952: Wolfgang Welt , German writer
- 1953: Jane Badler , American actress
- 1953: Frédéric Da Rocha , French racing car driver
- 1953: James Remar , American actor
- 1954: Gloria Akuffo , Ghanaian lawyer and politician, minister
- 1954: Alex Salmond , Scottish politician, first minister
- 1954: Pete Souza , American photojournalist
- 1955: Gerhard Acktun , German actor and voice actor
- 1955: Gregor Braun , German racing cyclist
- 1955: Stephan Krawczyk , German songwriter and writer
- 1955: Frank Lenart , German actor, voice actor, voice director and dialog book author
- 1956: Andrea Gabriella Kapsaski , Greek actress, film producer, poet and translator
- 1956: Helma Knorscheidt , German athlete
- 1956: Christine Scheel , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1957: Heinz-Josef Braun , German musician, actor and cabaret artist
- 1957: Fabrizio Meoni , Italian motorcycle racer
- 1958: Bebe Neuwirth , American dancer, theater, film and television actress
- 1958: Uwe Scholz , German choreographer and ballet director
- 1959: Liveris Andritsos , Greek basketball player and coach
- 1959: Konstanze Breitebner , Austrian actress
- 1959: Val Kilmer , American actor
- 1959: Paul Westerberg , American singer, guitarist and songwriter
- 1961: Rainer Ernst , German soccer player
- 1962: Traudl Hächer , German ski racer
- 1962: Katy Karrenbauer , German actress
- 1962: Machi Tawara , Japanese poet and translator
- 1963: Ahmed Almaktoum , Emirati marksman , Olympic champion
- 1963: Maya Beiser , American cellist
- 1963: Scott Ian , American guitarist ( Anthrax )
- 1964: Fljura Khassanowa , Kazakh chess player, referee and trainer
- 1964: Valentina Vargas , Chilean actress
- 1965: Tony Dorigo , English football player
- 1965: Gong Li , Chinese film actress
- 1965: Nicholas Sparks , American writer
- 1966: Lisa Joyner , American presenter and reporter
- 1966: Susan Rigvava-Dumas , Dutch musical performer and mezzo-soprano
- 1968: Nina Kraft , German triathlete
- 1969: Claudia Kleinert , German television presenter
- 1969: Pit-Arne Pietz , German actor
- 1970: Chandra West , Canadian actress
- 1972: Grégory Coupet , French football player
- 1972: Mathias Hain , German soccer player
- 1972: Joey McIntyre , American singer and actor
- 1974: Joe Abercrombie , English author
- 1974: Mario Aerts , Belgian racing cyclist
- 1974: Bas Böttcher , German writer and slam poet
- 1974: Tony Kanaan , Brazilian racing driver
- 1975: Andreas Kiendl , Austrian actor
- 1975: Thomas Gansch , Austrian trumpeter
1976-2000
- 1976: Luís Carreira , Portuguese motorcycle racer
- 1977: Ceza , Turkish rapper
- 1977: Psy , South Korean rapper
- 1977: Donald Trump Jr. , American entrepreneur
- 1979: Elaine Cassidy , Irish actress
- 1979: Agnieszka Grochowska , Polish actress
- 1979: Danny Watts , British racing driver
- 1980: Jennifer Shahade , American chess and poker player
- 1981: Gabriel Andrade , German actor
- 1981: Joe Judge , American football coach
- 1981: Tobias Rau , German soccer player
- 1981: Nathan Robinson , Canadian ice hockey player
- 1981: Margaret Simpson , Ghanaian athlete
- 1982: Anna Bertheau , German actress
- 1983: Isabell Horn , Serbian-German actress
- 1984: Paul Rodriguez , Mexican-American skateboarder
- 1984: Demba Touré , Senegalese football player
- 1985: Manuel Hartl , Austrian soccer player
- 1985: Jan Smit , Dutch singer
- 1987: Akmal Amrun , Malaysian road cyclist
- 1987: Fabricio Agosto Ramírez , Spanish football player
- 1987: Jan Peveling , German handball player
- 1987: René Summer , Austrian soccer player
- 1988: Matthew Atkinson , American actor
- 1988: Joel Martínez , Andorran football player
- 1988: Mira Rai , Nepalese trail runner
- 1988: Alain Traoré , Burkinabe soccer player
- 1989: Michael Haunschmid , Austrian soccer player
- 1989: Line Myers , Danish handball player
- 1989: Natalia Kowalska , Polish racing driver
- 1989: Mohammed Rabiu , Ghanaian soccer player
- 1990: Yakubu Alfa , Nigerian soccer player
- 1990: Patrick Chan , Canadian figure skater, world champion, Olympic champion
- 1990: Mamoudou Mara , Guinean football player
- 1990: Danny Noppert , Dutch darts player
- 1990: Jakob Schubert , Austrian sport climber
- 1990: Johannes Sellin , German handball player
- 1991: Maurice Trapp , German soccer player
- 1992: Manu Attri , Indian badminton player
- 1992: Julian Possehl , German handball player
- 1992: Tobias Schröck , German soccer player
- 1996: Felix Leitner , Austrian biathlete
- 1997: Ekaterina Yefremenkova , Russian short tracker
- 1999: Marc Richter , German-Spanish soccer player
21st century
- 2004: Alessia Mîțu-Cosca , Romanian ski jumper
Died
Before the 17th century
- 45 BC BC : Quintus Fabius Maximus , Roman politician
- 192: Commodus , Roman emperor
- 335: New Year I , Pope
- 439: Melania the Younger , Christian saint
- 594: Marius von Avenches , first bishop of Lausanne
- 1135: Heinrich von Groitzsch , Margrave of Lausitz and Ostmark
- 1164: Ottokar III. , Margrave of Styria
- 1194: Leopold V , Duke of Austria and Styria
- 1278: Sambor II , Duke of Pomerania
- 1298: Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford , English magnate
- 1299: Marguerite of Anjou-Sicily , Countess of Anjou and Maine
- 1302: Friedrich III. , Duke of Lorraine
- 1328: Giovanni Soranzo , Doge of Venice
- 1347: Otto I , Count von Rietberg
- 1349: Hermann of Prague , Bishop of Warmia
- 1369: John Chandos , English knight
- 1377: Guillaume de Marcossey , Bishop of Geneva
- 1384: John Wyclif , English philosopher, theologian and church reformer
- 1386: Johanna von Bayern , first wife of the Roman king Wenceslaus
- 1408: Elisabeth of the Palatinate , titular duchess of Austria and countess of Tyrol
- 1426: Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter , English Lord Chancellor
- 1460: Richard Neville , English nobleman, 5th Earl of Salisbury
- 1462: Heinrich Rubenow , Mayor of Greifswald
- 1469: Yejong , 8th King of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea
- 1482: Johannes Lecküchner , German clergyman and fencing teacher
- 1483: Gilles Joye , Franco-Flemish theologian and poet, singer and composer
- 1509: Wolfgang von Fürstenberg , German nobleman
- 1509: Wilhelm Westphal , Bishop of Lübeck
- 1510: Bianca Maria Sforza , second wife of Emperor Maximilian I.
- 1524: Johannes Widmann , German professor, ducal personal physician
- 1549: Margarete Eriksdotter Wasa , Swedish nobleman, sister of King Gustav I. Wasa
- 1563: Charles I. de Cossé, comte de Brissac , French general and diplomat, Marshal of France
- 1574: Lütke Namen , German Franciscan and theologian
- 1583: Thomas Erastus , Swiss theologian
- 1598: Heinrich Rantzau , Danish governor of the royal share in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein
17th and 18th centuries
- 1610: Ludolph van Ceulen , Dutch mathematician
- 1616: Oswald Gabelkover , German doctor, heraldist and historian
- 1619: Onorio Longhi , Italian architect
- 1619: Simon Sten , German pedagogue and ethnologist, philologist, historian and literary scholar
- 1640: Ernst Christoph , Count von Rietberg
- 1647: Giovanni Maria Trabaci , Neapolitan composer
- 1650: Dorgon , Manchu prince, pioneer of the Qing rule over China
- 1655: Janusz Radziwiłł , Lithuanian general and prince of the Holy Roman Empire
- 1660: Johann Bellin , German linguist
- 1667: Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski , Polish magnate and imperial prince in the Holy Roman Empire
- 1669: Bogusław Radziwiłł , Lithuanian magnate, Brandenburg governor in the Duchy of Prussia
- 1673: Christoph Philipp Richter , German legal scholar
- 1675: Abraham van Diepenbeeck , Dutch glass painter
- 1679: Giovanni Alfonso Borelli , Italian physicist and astronomer
- 1686: Sebastian Högger , Swiss officer in the Swedish service
- 1688: Joachim Henniges von Treffenfeld , Brandenburg general
- 1696: Samuel Annesley , English pastor
- 1697: Lucas Faydherbe , Brabant sculptor and architect
- 1700: Pietro Sanmartini , Italian composer and organist
- 1705: Catherine of Braganza , wife of the British King Charles II, regent of Portugal
- 1710: Johann Daniel Arcularius , German logician and theologian
- 1714: Johann Karl Naeve , German legal scholar
- 1719: John Flamsteed , English astronomer
- 1726: Peter Kolb , German teacher and ethnologist
- 1736: Richard O'Cahan , Irish officer, governor of Menorca
- 1742: Charles III. Philipp , Duke of Pfalz-Neuburg, Jülich and Berg
- 1742: Louis Bourguet , Swiss polymath
- 1745: Samuel Güldin , Swiss Pietist
- 1748: Philipp Heinrich Zollmann , German cartographer and scientist
- 1771: Christian Adolph Klotz , German philologist
- 1775: Richard Montgomery , American general in the American War of Independence
- 1778: Alvise Mocenigo IV , Doge of Venice
- 1783: Gualtherus van Doeveren , Dutch medic
- 1784: Reinhard Christoph Ungewitter , German theologian
- 1788: Jakob Friedrich Feddersen , German-Danish clergyman
- 1793: Armand-Louis de Gontaut , Duke of Biron and Lauzun, French general
- 1799: Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton , French naturalist
19th century
- 1816: Joseph Franz Xaver Stark German theologian and author
- 1819: Anurut , King of Luang Phrabang
- 1830: Félicité de Genlis , French writer
- 1838: Philipp Friedrich von Hetsch , German painter
- 1841: Friedrich Ast , German classical philologist and philosopher
- 1848: Ernst Anton Clarus , German clergyman and politician, MdL
- 1848: Gottfried Hermann , German classical philologist
- 1848: Ignaz Reinold , Moravian organ builder
- 1849: Carl Borromäus Egger , German clergyman and politician, MdL
- 1851: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Textor , German lawyer and dialect writer
- 1855: Karl Friedrich Hermann , German classical philologist and ancient historian
- 1864: George M. Dallas , American attorney and politician, Senator, Attorney General, Vice President
- 1865: Fredrika Bremer , Swedish writer and initiator of the Swedish women's movement
- 1869: Louis Lefébure-Wély , French organist and composer
- 1869: Anton Haizinger , Austrian opera singer (tenor)
- 1872: Aleksis Kivi , Finnish national writer , is considered the father of modern literature in the Finnish language
- 1874: Julius von Leypold , German landscape painter
- 1875: Kido Witbooi , captain of the Witbooi-Orlam
- 1877: Gustave Courbet , French realism painter
- 1877: Alberto Mazzucato , Italian composer and music teacher
- 1880: Arnold Ruge , German writer
- 1882: Léon Gambetta , French statesman, minister, prime minister
- 1888: Samson Raphael Hirsch , German rabbi
- 1890: Hyacinthe Aube , French naval officer, governor of Martinique, minister
- 1891: Domenico Agostini , Italian clergyman, Patriarch of Venice, cardinal
- 1894: Thomas Jean Stieltjes , Dutch mathematician
- 1899: Karl Millöcker , Austrian operetta composer
- 1900: Hannibal Goodwin , American clergyman and inventor
20th century
1901 to 1925
- 1901: Max Adamo , German history painter and illustrator
- 1901: Hugo Pernice , German university professor
- 1902: Arwed Roßbach , German architect
- 1903: Georg von Liebig , German medic and climatologist
- 1904: Henri Berthoud , Swiss clergyman, missionary and linguist
- 1906: Friedrich Gumpert , German university professor and horn player
- 1913: Seth Carlo Chandler , American astronomer
- 1916: Alice Ball , American chemist
- 1916: Martin Naylor , English sculptor
- 1916: Ernst Rudorff , German musician, art educator and nature conservationist
- 1917: Johannes Gallandi , German officer, military historian and genealogist
- 1924: Georg Maercker , German officer and free corps leader
- 1925: Paul Förster , German educator, publicist and politician, Member of the Bundestag
1926 to 1950
- 1927: Max Meyer-Olbersleben , German composer
- 1929: Alexander Lambert , Polish-American composer, pianist and music teacher
- 1929: Charles Phelps Taft , American politician, member of the House of Representatives
- 1934: Cəfər Cabbarlı , Azerbaijani playwright, poet, translator, director and screenwriter
- 1935: Edmund Brückner , German diplomat and ministerial official, governor of Togo
- 1936: Miguel de Unamuno , Spanish philosopher
- 1936: Jack Underwood , American football player
- 1937: Hugo Fischer-Köppe , German actor
- 1939: Sara Louisa Blomfield , British Baha'i and author
- 1939: Georg Wertheim , German businessman
- 1940: Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval , French physicist
- 1944: Vladimir Grigoryevich Yermolajew , Soviet aircraft designer
- 1948: Malcolm Campbell , English racing driver and journalist
- 1948: Otto Vitense , German educator and Mecklenburg regional historian
- 1949: Josef Maria Auchentaller , Austrian painter, draftsman and graphic artist
- 1949: Nándor Dáni , Hungarian athlete, Olympic medalist
- 1950: Charles Koechlin , French composer
- 1950: Karl Renner , Austrian lawyer and politician, State Chancellor, Minister, Member of the National Council, Federal President
1951 to 1975
- 1951: Maxim Maximowitsch Litvinow , Soviet revolutionary, politician and diplomat, foreign minister
- 1953: Albert Plesman , Dutch aviation pioneer, co-founder of KLM
- 1956: Edwin Plimpton Adams , American physicist of Czech origin
- 1960: Joseph Wendel , German clergyman, Bishop of Speyer, Archbishop of Munich and Freising, Cardinal, first military bishop of the Bundeswehr
- 1962: Rudolf Nilius , Austrian conductor and composer
- 1964: Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson , British Field Marshal
- 1966: Michel Hirvy , Canadian pianist and music teacher
- 1966: Hermann Nuding , German politician and party functionary, resistance fighter against National Socialism, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- 1966: Helene Roth , Swiss painter
- 1967: Dore Hoyer , German dancer and choreographer
- 1968: Carl Ahues , German chess player
- 1968: Hans G. Bentz , German writer
- 1969: Carl-Christian Arfsten , German politician, MdL
- 1969: Theodor Reik , Austrian-American psychoanalyst
- 1970: Alexandre Garbell , French painter
- 1970: Franz Xaver Unertl , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1971: Johannes Saß , German linguist and lexicographer
- 1974: Charles E. Bohlen , American diplomat
- 1974: Robert Margulies , German politician and economic functionary, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag, MEP
1976 to 2000
- 1976: Sándor Bortnyik , Hungarian painter
- 1977: Paul Ackerman , American music journalist
- 1977: Nora Marlowe , American actress
- 1977: Hans Rothe , German writer, dramaturge, radio play author and translator of all works by William Shakespeare
- 1979: Claudio Ferrer , Puerto Rican composer and singer
- 1979: Irena Rüther-Rabinowicz , German painter
- 1979: Marje Sink , Estonian composer
- 1980: Marshall McLuhan , Canadian communications and literary scholar
- 1980: Raoul Walsh , American film director
- 1982: Paul Eßling , German bricklayer, alleged Honecker assassin
- 1982: Kurt Friedrichs , German-American mathematician
- 1983: Hans Aub , German business lawyer and politician, member of the Bavarian Senate
- 1983: Dieter Bockhorn , size of a German neighborhood, partner of Uschi Obermaier
- 1984: Gonzaque Lécureul , French racing car driver
- 1984: Warren Thew , American-Swiss pianist, composer, poet and illustrator
- 1985: Georges Haddad , Lebanese cleric, Archbishop of Tire
- 1985: Ricky Nelson , American musician and actor, teenage star
- 1986: Piero Chiara , Italian writer
- 1987: Hansl Schmid , Austrian innkeeper and musician, Viennese song singer
- 1987: Wolfgang Zeidler , German judge, President of the Federal Constitutional Court
- 1988: Pepe Aguirre , Chilean tango singer
- 1988: Christopher Andrewes , British virologist
- 1989: Mihály Lantos , Hungarian football player
- 1989: Gerhard Schröder , German lawyer and politician, Member of the Bundestag, Federal Minister, candidate for Federal President
- 1990: Armand Hiebner , Swiss music critic and choir director
- 1991: Pat Patrick , American jazz musician
- 1993: Swiad Gamsachurdia , Georgian dissident, writer and president
- 1993: Brandon Teena , American murder victim due to his transgender identity
- 1994: Leo Fuchs , Polish-American actor and comedian, singer and dancer
- 1994: Bruno Pezzey , Austrian football player
- 1994: Woody Strode , American actor
- 1995: Fritz Eckhardt , Austrian actor, author and director
- 1995: Aleksi Matschawariani , Georgian composer
- 1995: Eduardo Hernández Moncada , Mexican composer, pianist and conductor
- 1995: Elisabeth Pinajeff , Russian actress
- 1996: Uvo Hölscher , German classical philology
- 1997: Floyd Cramer , American pianist and composer, representative of country music
- 1997: Nicolin Kunz , Austrian actress
- 1998: Ernst Ferber , German general
- 1998: Ferdinand Springer , German painter and graphic artist
- 1998: Orlandus Wilson , American gospel singer and arranger
- 2000: Kenneth L. Pike , American linguist and anthropologist
- 2000: Beksat Sattarchanow , Kazakh boxer
21st century
- 2001: Eileen Heckart , American actress
- 2002: Kazimierz Dejmek , Polish theater director
- 2003: John Prchlik , American football player
- 2003: Sieglinde Wagner , German contralto
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- 2004: Gérard Debreu , French economist and Nobel Prize winner
- 2004: Raúl Matas , Chilean journalist and presenter
- 2004: Karl Otto Zimmer , German lawyer, judge at the Federal Social Court
- 2005: Sanora Babb , American writer and journalist
- 2005: Raban von Canstein , German officer
- 2005: Fee Malten , German actress
- 2005: Phillip Whitehead , British politician, MEP
- 2006: Yaacov Hodorov , Israeli soccer player
- 2006: Liese Prokop , Austrian athlete and politician, Olympic medalist, LAbg, Federal Minister
- 2007: Ettore Sottsass , Italian architect and designer
- 2008: Włodzimierz Borowski , Polish painter, installation, concept and performance artist and art scholar
- 2010: Heinz Schimmelpfennig , German actor and director
- 2012: Moisès Broggi , Spanish doctor and pacifist
- 2012: Susana Dalmás , Uruguayan politician
- 2012: Günter Rössler , German photographer
- 2013: James Avery , American actor
- 2013: Denis Belloc , French writer
- 2013: Irina Korschunow , German writer
- 2013: Bruno Moravetz , German sports reporter
- 2014: Samuel Armato , American swing musician
- 2014: Edward Herrmann , American actor
- 2015: Natalie Cole , American singer and actress
- 2015: Wayne Rogers , American actor and entrepreneur
- 2016: Karel Bělohoubek , Czech composer and conductor
- 2019: Rainer Bach , German cartoonist
- 2020: Robert Hossein , French actor and director
- 2020: Michael Kindo , Indian hockey player
- 2020: Marian Leszczyński , Polish rower
- 2020: John Sands , Canadian speed skater
Holidays and memorial days
- Church memorial days
- John Wyclif , English theologian and reformer (Protestant, Anglican)
- Saint Catherine Labouré , French religious (Catholic)
- St. Silvester I , Bishop (Catholic)
- Name days
- regional customs
Balance sheet date
December 31st is the most important balance sheet date in Germany and worldwide .
The list of commemorative and action days contains further entries .
Commons : December 31st - Collection of images, videos and audio files
