Donna Summer

Donna Summer (1977)

Donna Summer (born December 31, 1948 in Boston , Massachusetts , † May 17, 2012 in Naples , Florida ; actually LaDonna Adrian Gaines ) was an American singer and songwriter who lived and worked in Germany and Austria from 1968 to 1976 .

Summer is known as the "undisputed disco queen ". Together with producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, she developed modern dance music into a new idea of ​​international pop .

With songs like Love to Love You Baby , I Feel Love , Hot Stuff and On the Radio , she became an international star in the second half of the 1970s. It hit the charts worldwide and sold an estimated 130 million records. In 1977 and 1979 she was the most successful musician in Germany and in 1979 and 1980 the most successful musician in the USA. Her song I Feel Love is the world's most successful song from Germany from the 1970s. From 1978 to 1997 she won five Grammys in four different genres ( R'n'B , rock , gospel , dance-pop ) and her song Last Dance in 1978 an Oscar . In 1992 she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2011, Donna Summer was selected for the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress with her song I Feel Love ; it thus belongs to the sound legacy of the USA, which should be preserved for future generations. In 2013 she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . In 2018, a remix of her song Hot Stuff became her 18th number 1 hit in the US club charts.

Career

Start of career and first successes in Germany

Donna Summer grew up in a family of five sisters and one brother. Her father Andrew worked as a butcher, upholsterer and television mechanic, her mother Mary Ellen Gaines in a sneaker factory.

Like many African American musicians, she gained her first singing experience in a gospel choir . At the age of ten she already celebrated her first solo appearance in the gospel choir of Grant AME Church in Boston with Johnny Langes / Mahalia Jackson's I Found The Answer . At the age of 17, she became the front woman of the white Boston psychedelic rock band Crow. With her she went to New York City in 1968 , where she received an offer for a recording contract from RCA after a performance by the band .

Instead, she applied for the Hippie - Musical Hair and flew after the commitment of the producers on 28 August 1968 after Germany. On October 24, 1968, at the age of 19, she was at the German premiere of this musical on the stage of the Munich Theater on Brienner Strasse . In this musical, Donna Summer sang songs like Wassermann (Aquarius) in German , which she spoke fluently. Wassermann was also Donna Summer's first single ever, released under the name Donna Gaines and Ensemble . The album Haar (Hair) , recorded with the singers of the German premiere such as Reiner Schöne (Berger), Ron Williams (Hud), Gudrun 'Su' Kramer (Sheila), Elke Koska (Jeannie) and Donna Summer (Donna), reached space 4 in the German charts. In the successful musical ensemble, Jürgen Marcus , Jutta Weinhold and Peter Kent , among others, worked alongside her later , for whom the musical also meant the leap into show business.

For Donna Summer followed (eg. As she sang in TV crime trilogy television appearances 11:20 ( ZDF 1970) to the film composer Peter Thomas written song Black Power and the composed by her and H. Hammerschmied song If You Walkin 'Alone ) . She appeared in the famous, provocative Afri-Cola commercial by Charles Wilp in 1968 . She entered with hair (Hair) in other cities and in other musicals in Austria and Germany ( Porgy and Bess , Show Boat , I I (The Me Nobody Knows) , Godspell (in I am I and Godspell under the pseudonym Gayn Pierre )). During rehearsals at the Vienna Volksoper , she delighted the opera singer Julia Migenes with an outstanding soprano voice . During this time friendships developed that were important to her for a lifetime. She also got to know her first husband, the Austrian colleague and later dentist Helmuth Sommer (from 1969 to 1970 Hair -Ensemblememember, Ich-bin-ich -Ensemblememember, 1971 Godspell -Ensemblememember), whose anglicised name became her stage name Donna Summer. From this marriage in 1973 their daughter Mimi was born.

In 1972 she worked with the Mannheim band 2066 and Then and was among other things the singer of the single track Time Can't Take It Away , which only appeared on the album Reflexion on the Past in 1991 .

In Munich she was also a member of the eleven-member pop choir Family Tree , which was put together in the summer of 1972 by the Würzburg music manager Günter “Yogi” Lauke . With this group, Donna Summer was a guest in many European television studios and at concerts in 1973 and 1974. Other FamilyTree members included a. Claus "Tommy" Dittmar († 2000), Timothy "Timmy" Touchton and Monique Melsen from Luxembourg , who represented her home country at the 1971 Eurovision Song Contest in Dublin .

In 1973, Donna Summer met Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, a Munich-based producer and songwriter team . Their first songs together were successful in the Netherlands , Belgium , France , Austria and Germany ( The Hostage , Lady of the Night ).

Casablanca Records

The worldwide breakthrough came with the help of Neil Bogart , the boss of the small American record company Casablanca Records , founded in 1973 , with Donna Summer not only contributing as a singer but also as a co-songwriter.

Donna Summer had the line "I'd love to love you" in mind and Marilyn Monroe in mind. Giorgio Moroder produced the music for it. In 1975 the 17-minute disco piece Love to Love You Baby with the jazzy bass line and the erotic moaning was created in the Munich MusicLand studios . This song was not only a hit in the USA (2nd place) and in Germany (6th place), but it was so groundbreaking that even the Goethe-Institut writes on its website: “It was hardly less influential for electronic dance music the work of producer Giorgio Moroders in Munich. […] 'Love To Love You Baby' […] was a 17-minute, purely synthetic dance ecstasy, oriented towards orchestral Philadelphia soul , to which […] Donna Summer groaned orgasmic […]. The piece [...] with its fully synthetic endless rhythm was the inspiration for house music. “ Love to Love You Baby developed into a scandal at the time, as the recordings were particularly noticeable due to the provocative moaning of the singer. After the release of another album, A Love Trilogy , on which the German guitarist Frank Diez also worked, Summer moved back to Los Angeles in 1976 at the instigation of Neil Bogart and her new partner, the Munich painter Peter Mühldorfer .

In the summer of 1977 the album I Remember Yesterday was released with the great hit I Feel Love , written by Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte and Donna Summer. With the title I Feel Love , the three finally wrote music history. He anticipated the techno lifestyle by more than a decade. Even then, the English musician and producer Brian Eno thought I Feel Love was the "sound of the future". And in 2003, for the American electro musician Moby Donna Summer was the most revolutionary artist of the last 30 years. I Feel Love was the first song ever written in this way (electronic music and voice and nothing else).

Donna also released a double album called Once Upon a Time in the fall of 1977 . Musically, she walked on disco paths as usual, but also surprised with ballads and mid-tempo pieces.

With the song Last Dance , written by Paul Jabara and produced in Las Vegas pop style by Giorgio Moroder , Donna Summers wish to be able to show that she can really sing was fulfilled. He was in 1978 at the height of the disco era of the title song in the musical film Thank God It's Friday (Thank God It's Friday) . The film wasn't a huge commercial success. However, the song landed at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was awarded the Oscar film prize in the Best Song category at the 1979 award ceremony . Donna Summer received her first Grammy for Last Dance in 1978 in the category " Best R'n'B Vocal Performance, Female ".

After Last Dance , Donna Summer had three consecutive number 1 double albums in the US. No other musician had succeeded before her. She was the first woman with a number 1 album and a number 1 single on the US Billboard chart at the same time; an achievement she repeated twice six months later. She was also the first female solo artist to score four number 1 hits within twelve months; These included two other pieces produced in the danceable Las Vegas Big Entertainment style: MacArthur Park , ( cover version of the 1960s classic by Jimmy Webb / Richard Harris ) and the duet with Barbra Streisand No More Tears (Enough Is Enough) . The albums Live and More , Bad Girls and On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II took first place on the album charts, and number 1 on the singles chart MacArthur Park (at the same time as the album Live and More ), Hot Stuff , Bad Girls (both at the same time with the album Bad Girls ) and No More Tears (Enough Is Enough) .

All three concerts for the live album Live and More at the Universal Amphitheater in Los Angeles in June 1978, which were designed in the Las Vegas show style, were sold out. In Germany, On the Radio was used as the theme song for the film Jeanies Clique (Foxes) in 1979 to Donna Summers best-placed song in the airplay hit parade.

In 1979 Donna Summer won a Grammy for Hot Stuff in the category "Best Rock Vocal Performance, Female".

At the end of 1979 she broke with her record company. She sued Casablanca Record & FilmWorks and its former manager Joyce Bogart for breach of contract for damages. She no longer wanted to follow the marketing concept of her record company and constantly have to be the “First Lady of Love”, instead she wanted to take a new path and receive recognition as a musician. After the years in which the music business had ruled her life, she also wanted to give more space to her desire for a private life and a family.

Geffen Records

In 1980, Summer remarried to the American Bruce Sudano. She met him as a member of the Brooklyn Dreams group, with whom she had worked musically since 1977. With him she wrote z. B. Starting Over Again and helped Dolly Parton to a number 1 in the US country charts in 1980. Their second daughter, Brooklyn Sudano , was born in 1981 and their third daughter, Amanda, was born in 1982. In the early 1980s she revealed her turn to Christianity .

She expressed this change in her life in appropriate texts. In the fall of 1980, Donna Summer, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte released the more rock and new wave- oriented album The Wanderer, which was equally successful with critics and audiences . It was the first release on Geffen Records ; outside the USA, WEA International marketed their records.

For the album produced by Quincy Jones and released in the summer of 1982, simply called Donna Summer , she was moved by Geffen Records after the record company refused in 1981 to release the album I'm a Rainbow , which was only released in 1996. This meant the end of the collaboration with Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. With the album Donna Summer , she should be established as an R'n'B singer. The single Love Is in Control (Finger on the Trigger) reached the top 10 of the US single charts. On the second single, the New Age-like State of Independence written by Jon Anderson & Vangelis , a . a. Michael Jackson in a star choir. Bruce Springsteen wrote the rock Protection for the album and also accompanied Donna Summer on guitar and as a background singer. With the album Donna Summer neither Donna Summer nor the critics were completely satisfied.

Neil Bogart died in May 1982, and Summer sang at his funeral. At the same time as the difficult time at Geffen Records, negotiations were still going on to separate from Casablanca Records, which now belonged to PolyGram . It was agreed that Donna Summer would release one last album for PolyGram.

This was followed by the pop-rocky She Works Hard for the Money in mid-1983 . For Kultur-Spiegel , the hit chart Donna Summers produced by Michael Omartian is “Hymne”. PolyGram recognized the potential for success of the song, which was written in the tradition of Bad Girls , and produced a professional music video . The song is based on an experience Donna Summers had with a toilet woman who fell asleep. The main actress in the video is a waitress who also has to clean offices and sews exhausted in a factory in order to be able to feed her two children and herself. In the end she dances and demonstrates on the street with other working women. The video was included in the high rotation of the music television station MTV , which was not an everyday occurrence for a black artist in the USA at the time. For the rocking He's a Rebel from the album She Works Hard for the Money , Donna Summer was awarded a Grammy in 1983 in the category Best Inspirational Performance .

After this success at PolyGram, working with Geffen Records became even more difficult. Although she also received a Grammy in the category Best Inspirational Performance in 1984 for the gospel song Forgive Me from the album Cats Without Claws , Geffen Records did not have the creative magic that happened with Casablanca Records in the 1970s and the time with Geffen Records was not an economic success either.

In 1985, she was accused of making homophobic statements, although she repeatedly denied having anything against homosexuals . At many benefit concerts she campaigned for the fight against AIDS .

Donna Summer and Geffen Records split before their album Another Place and Time was released. Her contract with WEA International ran until 1991. In 1988 she wrote the dance-pop piece This Time I Know It's for Real with the British hit producers Stock / Aitken / Waterman and in the spring of 1989 landed again in the German and American charts. With the song Let There Be Peace from her 1991 album Mistaken Identity , Donna Summer took a very clear stand against the Second Gulf War .

In 1992 she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In an interview on the talk show Boulevard Bio on German television ( ARD ) in 1994, she said that it was good for her that things became quieter around her in the 1980s. This would have given her the opportunity to leave behind the pill addiction and depression that had accompanied her rise in the music business in the 1970s. In the 1980s she found her way back to painting after her first experiences in Munich and Vienna . Her work has been exhibited worldwide, e.g. B. from the Steven Spielberg Foundation Starbright Foundation or the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City.

Donna Summer in Nashville

Donna Summer (2005)

In the following years she and her second husband Bruce Sudano raised their three daughters Mimi, Brooklyn and Amanda and gave concerts.

Her Christmas album Christmas Spirit was created in Nashville , Tennessee in 1994 ; a year later she moved there entirely. In 1996 she recorded the duet Does He Love You? With Liza Minnelli . on. In 1997, Donna Summer and Giorgio Moroder received a Grammy for Carry On in the Best Dance Recording category . In 1998 she gave an AIDS charity concert at Carnegie Hall in New York for the Gay Men's Health Crisis ; this raised US $ 400,000. In 1999 she released her live album and video VH1 Presents Donna Summer: Live & More Encore! at the TV show Wetten, dass ..? (ZDF) with a medley of their greatest hits live. In 2003 she co-authored her autobiography Ordinary Girl - The Journey with Marc Eliot . As part of her 2005 summer tour through the USA and Canada , Donna Summer performed in front of 45,000 spectators at an open-air concert in Chicago. That same year, Donna Summer raised money at a charity concert for the VH1 Music Foundation, which finances the purchase of musical instruments for American public schools. There she sang Try a Little Tenderness in a duet with Joss Stone , who had received her first record deal with her version of Donna Summers On the Radio .

After her children grew up - Brooklyn is an actress, Amanda is a musician, Mimi is a mother of four - she went back to the studio to record Crayons . The promo single I'm a Fire , the single Stamp Your Feet and the promo single Fame (The Game) reached number 1 on the Billboard Dance / Club Play charts. As part of her Crayons tour, she was received with a standing ovation in Paris in early July 2009 in the sold-out Palais des congrès .

Donna Summer at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert (2009)

On July 30, 2009, Donna Summers' first solo concert took place in Germany. She performed at the Tempodrom in Berlin with a "still energetic, emotional and very grounded voice," says Spex . On December 11th, 2009, she performed in Oslo at the concert to award the Nobel Peace Prize to US President Barack Obama .

Video director Chris Cunningham re- recorded I Feel Love with her in 2008 for a Gucci commercial . The fashion label Diesel remixed her 2011 Love To Love You Baby for a commercial. The fashion designers Dolce and Gabbana invited them to Milan in 2005 on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of their fashion label, Tiffany to Beijing in 2010, and fashion designers Marc Jacobs and Louis Vuitton to London. Louis Vuitton dedicated her to To Paris with Love , a song she wrote with Bruce Roberts.

On October 1, 2011, she made her last public appearance on her good friend David Foster's Las Vegas show . For him she performed one last time privately at his wedding on November 11th 2011 and sang her song Last Dance , which is often played at wedding parties in the USA.

On May 17, 2012, Donna Summer died of lung cancer with her family at the age of 63 in their second home in Naples, Florida . She found her final resting place in Nashville, Tennessee, in the Harpeth Hills Memory Gardens , Garden of Faith section .

US President Barack Obama paid tribute to them in an official statement.

Posthumously

With Love to Love You Donna , a tribute album with remixes of their pieces was released on Verve Records in October 2013 . They were u. a. by Giorgio Moroder , Hot Chip and Duke Dumont in the different, current styles of Electronic Dance Music (EDM) . Laidback Luke , Rosabel and Frank Lamboy's remixes to Donna Summers song MacArthur Park reached # 1 on the Billboard Dance / Club Play charts in December 2013.

In November 2017, the musical Summer: The Donna Summer Musical, about the life of Donna Summer, with her greatest hits and other songs she recorded between 1968 and 2008 , premiered at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego , California . In 2018 it was performed on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater .

meaning

The star calls Donna Summer "the great pioneer". "She tore down" according to John Lydon , the former singer of the punk rock band Sex Pistols , "many barriers".

According to the Goethe Institute, Love to Love You Baby from 1975 was the "godfather for house music ". I Feel Love from 1977 was "the bold start of rave culture " for John Lydon . In 1978 Jim Kerr took I Feel Love as an opportunity to break up his punk band and found the pop rock band Simple Minds . Rolling Stone wrote about the 1979 album Bad Girls : “With her brilliant producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte she developed a new idea of ​​international pop . Madonna's career without summer and bad girls ? Unthinkable. "And" if Cold Love [the second single from the album The Wanderer from 1980] had been released three years later, [...] it would have been a deserved hit [...] which would have significantly promoted the development of dance rock, "Says former Rolling Stone rock music critic Dave Marsh.

Donna Summer “went beyond the boundaries of racial barriers and musical styles” and “paved the way for so many ” in the eyes of pop rock musician Lenny Kravitz . An opinion shared by musicians from the most diverse genres of music, for example Latin pop singer Gloria Estefan , hip hop soul singer Mary J. Blige and pop soul singer Natasha Bedingfield . In 2009 she still had a direct influence on young and established artists. The electropunk trio Gossip with singer Beth Ditto imagined that Donna Summer would sing a song by the gothic punk band Bauhaus on the hit single Heavy Cross in 2009 .

The British music magazine Blues & Soul notes that Donna Summers songs, which are characterized by “structured arrangements, a change of tones, melodies and lyrics that stay in the ear” have become “pop standards”.

Discography

→ Main article : Donna Summer / Discography

Albums

year	title	Top ranking, total weeks, awardChart placementsChart placements (Year, title, rankings, weeks, awards, notes)						Remarks
		DE	AT	CH	UK	US	R&B
1974	Lady of the Night	-	-	-	-	-	-	First publication: Published September 1974 in the Netherlands
1975	Love to Love You Baby	DE23 (20 weeks) DE	AT10 (4 weeks) AT	-	UK16 gold (9 weeks)UK	US11 gold (30 weeks)US	R&B6 (25 weeks) R&B	First published: August 1975
1976	A love trilogy	DE24 (28 weeks) DE	AT8 (12 weeks) AT	-	UK41 gold (10 weeks)UK	US21st gold (27 weeks)US	R&B16 (22 weeks) R&B	First published: March 1976
	Four Seasons of Love	DE31 (6 weeks) DE	-	-	UK- silver UK	US29 gold (26 weeks)US	R&B13 (20 weeks) R&B	First published: October 1976
1977	I remember yesterday	DE7 (20 weeks) DE	AT3 (20 weeks) AT	-	UK3 gold (23 weeks)UK	US18th gold (40 weeks)US	R&B11 (28 weeks) R&B	First published: June 1977
	Once Upon a Time	-	-	-	UK24 gold (12 weeks)UK	US26th gold (58 weeks)US	R&B13 (26 weeks) R&B	First published: October 1977
1978	The Greatest Hits of Donna Summer	-	-	-	UK4th gold (18 weeks)UK	-	-	First published: Published December 1977 in Europe
	Live and More	-	-	-	UK16 gold (16 weeks)UK	US1 platinum (75 weeks)US	-	First release: August 1978 live album
1979	Bad girls	DE7 (24 weeks) DE	AT8 (12 weeks) AT	-	UK23 silver (23 weeks)UK	US1 × 2 Double platinum (49 weeks)US	R&B1 (45 weeks) R&B	First published: April 25, 1979
	On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II	DE42 (1 week) DE	-	-	UK24 gold (22 weeks)UK	US1 × 2 Double platinum (40 weeks)US	R&B4 (30 weeks) R&B	First published: October 1979
1980	Walk Away: Collector's Edition (The Best of 1977–1980)	-	-	-	-	US50 (15 weeks) US	R&B54 (6 weeks) R&B	First published: September 1980
	The Wanderer	DE54 (5 weeks) DE	-	-	UK55 (2 weeks) UK	US13 gold (18 weeks)US	R&B12 (15 weeks) R&B	First published: October 1980
1982	Donna Summer	DE37 (6 weeks) DE	AT19 (2 weeks) AT	-	UK13 (16 weeks) UK	US20th gold (37 weeks)US	R&B6 (38 weeks) R&B	First published: July 1982
1983	She Works Hard for the Money	DE14 (15 weeks) DE	-	CH23 (2 weeks) CH	UK28 (5 weeks) UK	US9 gold (32 weeks)US	R&B5 (33 weeks) R&B	First published: June 1983
1984	Cats Without Claws	DE39 (4 weeks) DE	-	CH13 (4 weeks) CH	UK69 (2 weeks) UK	US40 (17 weeks) US	R&B24 (13 weeks) R&B	First published: September 1984
1987	All Systems Go	-	-	-	-	US122 (6 weeks) US	R&B53 (5 weeks) R&B	First published: September 1987
1989	Another place and time	DE49 (23 weeks) DE	-	CH23 (1 week) CH	UK17th gold (28 weeks)UK	US53 (20 weeks) US	R&B71 (9 weeks) R&B	First published: March 1989
1990	The Best of Donna Summer	DE76 (4 weeks) DE	-	-	UK24 gold (9 weeks)UK	-	-	First published: Published November 1990 in Europe
1991	Mistaken Identity	-	-	-	-	-	R&B97 (2 weeks) R&B	First published: April 1991
1994	Endless Summer: Donna Summer's Greatest Hits	-	-	-	UK37 gold (3 weeks)UK	US90 (1 week) US	-	First published: November 1994 in US only posthumously in the charts in 2012
1999	VH-1 Presents Donna Summer: Live and More Encore!	DE75 (1 week) DE	-	-	-	US43 (13 weeks) US	R&B33 (10 weeks) R&B	First release: October 1999 live album
2003	The Journey: The Very Best of Donna Summer	-	-	CH68 (1 week) CH	UK6th gold (12 weeks)UK	US88 (6 weeks) US	R&B65 (2 weeks) R&B	First published: September 2003 Highest ranking US: 2012/2003: No 111 in CH until 2012 in the charts (posthumously)
2008	Crayons	DE73 (1 week) DE	-	CH85 (2 weeks) CH	-	US17 (6 weeks) US	R&B5 (14 weeks) R&B	First published: May 2008
2012	The Best of Donna Summer: 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection	-	-	-	-	US101 (10 weeks) US	-	First published: February 2003 in the US only published posthumously in 2012 in the charts
2012	Greatest hits	-	-	-	-	US194 (1 week) US	-	First release: September 1998 in the US only released posthumously in 2012 in the charts
2013	Love to Love You Donna	-	-	-	-	US97 (1 week) US	R&B20 (2 weeks) R&B	First release: October 2013 remix album
2016	The Ultimate Collection	-	-	-	UK30th silver (6 weeks)UK	-	-	First published: November 18, 2016

gray hatching : no chart data available for this year

Documentation

• Donna Summer - Hot Stuff . By Lucia Palacios and Dietmar Post. Germany / USA 2013, 55 minutes. Posted on arte on August 17th, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Donna Summer  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website
• The Totally Unauthorized Donna Summer Tribute Site
• The Donna Summer Fan Club
• Donna Summer at Allmusic (English)
• Donna Summer at Discogs (English)
• Donna Summer in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• Literature by and about Donna Summer in the catalog of the German National Library
• Donna Summer in the nndb (English)
• Singles Discography on 45cat.com
• Discography on rateyourmusic.com
• Charts and data on chartsurfer.de

swell

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Donna Summer, Marc Eliot: Ordinary Girl - The Journey ; New York (USA): Villard, 2003 (autobiography).
2. ↑ ^{a b} reuters.com May 17, 2012.
3. ↑ ^{a b} naplesnews.com May 17, 2012. ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ ^{a b} eonline.com May 18, 2012.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Ulrich Hoppe: Donna Summer: The Disco Queen from America ; Munich: RTS Verlag Jürgen Zimmermann, 1980 (Heyne Discothek, Volume 4).
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} Craig Halstead, Donna Summer: For The Record, Sandy Bedfordshire (Great Britain): Authors OnLine, 2011.
7. ↑ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame September 23, 2009.
8. ↑ soundonsound.com March 1998.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Rolling Stone August 21, 2003.
10. ^ Rollingstone.com May 17, 2012.
11. ↑ ^{a b} electronicbeats.de June 2, 2009. Electronic Beats press release June 2, 2009.
12. ↑ ^{a b} TV program Deutsche Beats Deutsche Welle TV 2010.
13. ↑ ^{a b c} biography at William Morris Endeavor Entertainment. Retrieved 2008. ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 53 kB) 
14. ^ The music market: 30 years of the single hit parade: The annual single hit parades from December 20, 1959 to December 15, 1988 ; 1989.
15. ^ Billboard December 22, 1979 and December 20, 1980.
16. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} grammy.com. Retrieved March 28, 2012
17. ↑ ^{a b} oscar.org. Accessed March 31, 2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
18. ↑ ^{a b} walkoffame.com. Retrieved March 31, 2012
19. ↑ US Library of Congress May 23, 2012.
20. ↑ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
21. ↑ ^{a b c} billboard.com March 5, 2010. billboard.com Part 1. Retrieved February 16, 2019. billboard.com Part 2. Retrieved February 16, 2019. billboard.com Part 3. Retrieved February 16, 2019. billboard. com part 4. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
22. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Josiah Howard: Donna Summer - Her Life and Music ; Cranberry Township, PA (USA): Tiny Ripple Books, 2003.
23. ↑ musik-sammler.de. Retrieved March 31, 2012
24. ↑ Media Control Charts History. Retrieved March 31, 2012
25. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau January 4, 2005
26. ↑ Radio documentary Feelin 'Love: The Donna Summer Story BBC Radio 2 (Great Britain) 2009.
27. ↑ ^{a b} Bunte June 26, 2008.
28. ↑ ^{a b} evening paper of December 30, 2008: Donna Summer: Wild Years on the Isar
29. ↑ Liner Notes of the album Reflexion on the Past
30. ↑ ^{a b} Goethe Institute. Retrieved March 28, 2012
31. ^ Baumgärtel, Tilman: grinding. On the history and aesthetics of the loop . Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-86599-271-0 , p. 315-329 .
32. ^ CD booklet David Bowie Sound and Vision 1989.
33. ↑ moby.com. Retrieved October 29, 2003 ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
34. ↑ Attitude August 2004.
35. ^ Billboard July 1, 1978.
36. ^ Hit Bilanz, Deutsche Chart Singles 1956–1980, 1987. Hit Bilanz, Deutsche Chart Singles 1981–1990, 1994.
37. ^ Post-Kiss, the Village People and Donna Summer, Neil & Joyce Bogart Redo Their Own Lives, People Magazine, May 26, 1980 ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
38. ↑ TV documentary Donna Summer: Behind The Music VH1 (USA) 1999.
39. ↑ allmusic.com. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
40. ↑ ^{a b} Donna Summers Sound Acrobatics . In: Der Spiegel . No. 31 , 1982, pp. 123 ( online - August 2, 1982 ).
41. ^ CD booklet The Donna Summer Anthology .
42. ↑ Claudia Voigt: I was a dollar sign . In: Kultur-Spiegel 12/1999, pp. 14-16 ( online ).
43. ^ Diva Debacle . In: New Musical Express . October 4, 1999. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
44. ^ Gay Men's Health Crisis March 17, 1998.
45. ↑ nathandigesare.com. Retrieved 2005.
46. ↑ vh1savethemusic.com. Retrieved 2005. ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
47. ↑ Elle March 2006.
48. ↑ Spex September / October 2009.
49. ↑ Bunte.de December 12, 2009.
50. ↑ Donna Summer live at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert on December 11, 2009 on YouTube
51. ↑ dazeddigital.com. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
52. ↑ dolcegabbana.de. Retrieved 2005.
53. ↑ tiffany.de. Retrieved 2010.
54. ↑ donnasummer.com. Retrieved 2010.
55. ↑ youtube.com May 17, 2012.
56. ^ Rollingstone.com May 17, 2012.
57. ↑ youtube.com April 20, 2012. youtube.com November 11, 2011.
58. ↑ rollingstone.com May 24, 2012.
59. ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Donna Summer
60. ↑ White House May 17, 2012.
61. ^ Verve Music Group. Retrieved December 31, 2013. ( Memento of the original from November 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Verve Music Group October 30, 2013. ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
62. ↑ lajollaplayhouse.org. Retrieved November 7, 2017. ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
63. ↑ donnasummermusical.com. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
64. ↑ playbill.com. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
65. ↑ stern.de May 18, 2012.
66. ↑ ^{a b} youtube.com July 3, 2012.
67. ↑ Sunday Mail November 15, 2009.
68. ↑ Dave Marsh: The Heart of Rock & Soul , 1989.
69. ↑ ^{a b} rollingstone.com May 17, 2012.
70. ↑ gloriaestefan.com May 17, 2012. ( Memento of the original from September 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
71. ↑ accesshollywood.com December 16, 2012.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
72. ↑ spin.com April 28, 2009.
73. ↑ Blues & Soul October 1999.
74. ↑ Chart sources: DE AT CH UK US
75. ↑ US singles: Joel Whitburn : Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2006 . Billboard Books, New York 2007, ISBN 0-89820-172-1 . / US albums: Joel Whitburn : Joel Whitburn presents the Billboard Albums . 6th edition. Billboard Books, New York 2006, ISBN 0-89820-166-7 .
76. ^ Joel Whitburn : Top R&B Albums 1965–1998, ISBN 0-89820-134-9 .
77. ^ Table of contents Donna Summer - Hot Stuff . In: programmm.ARD.de , accessed on January 10, 2018.