Samuel Güldin
Samuel Karl Güldin (born April 8, 1664 in Bern , † December 31, 1745 in the Roxborough district of Philadelphia ) was a Swiss Pietist .
Life
Samuel Güldin was the son of Hans Joachim Güldin (born February 4, 1635 in Bern) and his wife Anna Maria, daughter of the Bernese wine tavern Hans Anton Koch (1598–1647).
In 1689 he began studying theology at the University of Geneva together with Johann Jakob Dachs and Samuel Schumacher . Together, occasionally alone, with Samuel Schumacher , Christoph Lutz (* 1662) and Samuel Dick († 1738), he undertook various educational trips that led him to Johnn Jakob Schütz in Frankfurt am Main , to the Labadists in Wieuwerd ( Friesland province ) the University of Franeker , to Theodor Undereyck in Bremen , to Johann Heinrich Horb to Hamburg , to Philipp Jacob Spener to Berlin and to August Hermann Francke's circle in Leipzig , with whom he was still in contact later. The trips also went to Geneva , Lausanne and England .
In 1692 he became a pastor in Stettlen and no longer wanted to teach the doctrine of the Bernese state church, in which it emphasized too much the differences to the Lutheran and Catholic doctrine and thus appeared opinionated and impractical instead of encouraging people to be active Christian. He was involved as a pastor and went from house to house, especially before the Sunday Supper, to inquire about the "state of mind" of his believers, so that he could advise them to attend the Lord's Supper , but also recommend not to attend if the visit was perceived as a civic duty. He continuously interpreted biblical books that were written in popular dialect and also translated writings from French and from English, such as that of the English Philadelphian Jane Leade . This led to people coming to him from all walks of life. However, he did not hold any special meetings in addition to the services in order to avoid the accusation of "segregation" from the Reformed Church, and repeatedly referred explicitly to the Bern Synod and sought to establish continuity with the Reformation .
In 1696 he became a helper at the Bern Minster .
After he had co-founded the inner-church Pietist reform movement, he was removed from office after a trial against the Pietists in 1699. He was expelled from Boltigen in 1701 and expelled from the country in 1702. After staying in Magdeburg in 1705, later in Hamburg and in Niederndodeleben with pastor Johann Wilhelm Petersen , he decided to emigrate to Pennsylvania in 1710. On his trip there, he also took the Bernese "State Bible ", the Piscator Bible, with him.
In the history of Pennsylvania, he was the first Reformed pastor to speak German, but led a secluded life as a farmer. In 1742 he fought against Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf's plans for a union among the German-speaking Protestants of Pennsylvania and advocated religious tolerance and freedom of conscience.
Samuel Güldin's first marriage to Maria Magdalena, a sister of Elisäus Malacrida (1658-1719), had been married since 1692. They had four children together:
- Samuel Güldin (born November 10, 1693 in Stettlen; 1775 in Pennsylvania), blacksmith and farmer , married to Elisabeth, daughter of Hans Hilsabeck;
- Maria Katharina Güldin (born January 8, 1696 in Stettlen);
- Christoph Guldin (born July 17, 1697 in Bern, † April 21, 1737 in Pennsylvania), his godfather was the Bernese magistrate Christoph von Steiger ;
- Emanuel Friedrich Guldin (born March 13, 1699 in Bern).
In his second marriage he was married to Susanna (last name unknown).
Writing
With his writing Brief Apologie or Schutz-Schrifft of the innocent suspicious and rejected Pietists in Bern in Switzerland , which he probably wrote as early as 1702, he takes stock of the incidents and allegations about himself and at the same time criticizes the official church policy of Bern at the time.
Pietist trial
For a number of years the Bern Council allowed the Pietists to do their thing. But pastors, who envied the audience of the brave ministers, teased them increasingly bitterly. Dean Samuel Bachmann asks the council to take action against them as if the religious calm had also disrupted public order. In fact, the Pietists brought up faith in such a way that it became clear that the state could not decide the question of religion for the individual. The Pietists were assumed to have a secret "brotherhood" and Lutheran infiltration.
In 1698 the council set up a "Commission for the Investigation of Pietists", to which only opponents of the Pietists belonged. The commission, urged by the dean and jealous pastor, stepped to the suppression of the renewal movement and sought a trial against several pietists. On June 9, 1699, the indictment was read out before the Grand Council : dissemination of harmful books, unreformed doctrines, unmethodical preaching in popular language, the angry run that "throws church discipline over the heap", lay people as teachers in secret meetings, criticism to the parish and government.
On June 10, 1699, the council pronounced the rulings in the spirit of the commission: Samuel Heinrich König lost his spiritual dignity and was expelled from the republic. Samuel Güldin and Samuel Lutz lost their jobs and were banned from preaching - until they renounced Pietism. Others were punished with hard fines. A theology student was expelled from the country for giving a protest sermon.
After the trial, Vogt Niklaus Rodt (1650–1726), who sympathized with the Pietists, still stood up for him with the judges, but was warned.
After his impeachment, he initially no longer had an apartment and temporarily lived with Beat Ludwig von Muralt .
He had to take the newly introduced oath of association, the commitment to "the religion introduced in the city of Bern", which he revoked as a pastor in Boltigen at the end of May 1701.
Fonts (selection)
- Kurtze Apologie or Schutz-Schrifft The innocent suspect-made and rejected Pietists in Bern in Switzerland . Philadelphia 1718.
- Kurtze doctrines and opposites to explain and save the Divine Truth . Philadelphia 1718.
- Impartial testimony about the new union of all religious parties in Pensylvania . Germantown, Christopher Saur 1743.
Web links
- Rudolf Dellsperger: Samuel Güldin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bernese families - persons. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Schumacher, Samuel. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Gottlieb Ludwig Lauterburg: Berner Taschenbuch . Haller ( google.de [accessed on January 19, 2020]).
- ↑ Bernese families - persons. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Isabelle Noth: Ecstatic Pietism: the Inspirationsgemeinden and their prophet Ursula Meyer (1682-1743) . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005, ISBN 978-3-525-55831-7 ( google.de [accessed on January 20, 2020]).
- ↑ 3. Diary supplements / list of people Adam Friedrich Petzold should greet on his trip to America, made by August Hermann Francke. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
- ^ Marco Hofheinz, Wolfgang Lienemann, Martin Sallmann: Calvin's legacy: Contributions to the history of Johannes Calvin's impact . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012, ISBN 978-3-647-56919-2 ( google.de [accessed January 19, 2020]).
- ^ Lothar Vogel, Marcus Meier, Wolfgang Breul: The radical Pietism: Perspektiven der Forschung . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011, ISBN 978-3-647-55839-4 ( google.de [accessed on January 19, 2020]).
- ↑ Carl Friedrich Ludwig Lohner: The Reformed churches and their head in the federal Free State Bern, etc . 1866 ( google.de [accessed January 20, 2020]).
- ↑ Ruth Albrecht: Johanna Eleonora Petersen . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005, ISBN 978-3-525-55830-0 ( google.de [accessed on January 20, 2020]).
- ↑ Urs B. Leu: The Bernese Piscator Bible from 1684. Retrieved on January 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Malacrida, Elisaeus. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Mss.hhXIII.102 (21) letter from SG (Samuel Güldin?) Slua, to Mr. Steiger, ancien baillif de Lenzbourg à Berne. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Rudolf Dellsperger: Between Revelation and Experience: Collected Essays on Historical Theology . Theologischer Verlag Zürich, 2015, ISBN 978-3-290-17842-0 ( google.de [accessed on January 20, 2020]).
- ↑ Rodt. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .
- ^ Rudolf Dellsperger: The beginnings of Pietism in Bern. In: Zwingliana. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Güldin, Samuel |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Güldin, Samuel Karl; Guldi, Samuel; Guldin, Samuel |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss Protestant clergyman and pietist |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 8, 1664 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Bern |
DATE OF DEATH | December 31, 1745 |
Place of death | Roxborough, Philadelphia |