Paulin Gschwind

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Paulin Gschwind (born December 22, 1833 in Therwil , † October 13, 1914 in Riehen ) was a Swiss initially Catholic and later Christian Catholic clergyman.

Life

Paulin Gschwind was the son of Joseph Gschwind and his wife Anna (née Gschwind).

From 1850 to 1857 he attended the monastery school of the Mariastein monastery ; from 1854 to 1857 he was a novice there .

He then studied theology at the University of Tübingen and in Munich until 1860 . After his studies, he returned to the Mariastein monastery and separated from the monastery by throwing the scapular out of the window into the gorge after a conversation with the abbot Karl Schmid (1795–1867) . He then attended the seminary in Solothurn and became a secular priest .

In 1861 he was ordained a priest in Solothurn , whereupon he became vicar in Olten , before he was parish administrator in Ramiswil from 1862 to 1865 . Subsequently he was pastor from 1865 to 1889 in Starrkich-Dulliken in the Church of St. Peter and Paul .

From 1887 to 1905 he was episcopal vicar to Bishop Eduard Herzog and from 1889 to 1905 pastor in Kaiseraugst .

As a religion teacher he worked at the schools in Therwil, Oberwil and Binningen and from 1905 to 1914 in Bern .

Paulin Gschwind was married to Rosina (widowed Zeller) (born February 3, 1841 in Biglen ; † May 10, 1904 in Kaiseraugst), daughter of the landlord Johann Hofer and his wife Anna (née Moser), since 1875 . His stepson was the later professor of geography and ethnology with a focus on the Orient and East Asia at the University of Bern and vice director of the Historical Museum in Bern and head of the Alpine Museum , Rudolf Zeller (1869-1940).

Confrontation with the Catholic Church

When the First Vatican Council proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility in 1870 , the six cantons of Aargau , Baselland , Bern , Lucerne , Zug and Solothurn decided not to publish the doctrine of infallibility in their field. In the pastoral letter of Bishop Eugène Lachat , which was to be read in all churches, the papal council decisions were contained; Paulin Gschwind left them out when reading them out. In addition, he entered with his work The Vatican Council and the Priestly Marriage , published under the pseudonym Peregrinus , in opposition to the Roman Church. This led, after it became known that he was the author, to a constantly smoldering conflict with the episcopal chancellor Josef Duret (1824-1911), which ended with the fact that he had to answer in 1871 before the episcopal ordinariate . There he promised that he would never speak against these decisions in sermons or public speeches, but as a free man he would never accept them. In the further development it became apparent that there could be a possible impeachment.

Because the parish protected him in his office, he turned to the government in Solothurn and on September 27, 1872 the Solothurn Cantonal Council met to take a position on the matter. With 78:22 votes, the council approved in this sense that the pastor would be granted protection as long as he was not deposed by the competent authority, the monastery of Schönenwerd . The government in Solothurn then passed a parish election law that regulated the (re) election of pastors at periodic intervals.

On October 26, 1872, he was excommunicated and removed from office as a pastor for not recognizing the infallibility dogma by the bishop , but in doing so the bishop violated the rights of the community and the state. As a reaction to the excommunication pronounced against Pastor Gschwind, the parish assembly rejected the papal dogmas on November 17, 1872 with 238: 2 votes.

At the end of 1872 a Capuchin was supposed to hold church service in place of the excommunicated pastor Paulin Gschwind. Paulin Gschwind's supporters forcibly removed the Capuchin from the church. For this they planted a freedom tree for their pastor with the inscription The pastor for protection, the enemy for defiance! and Paulin Gschwind decided to found a Christian Catholic Church.

Paulin Gschwind became the first Christian Catholic pastor and the church of Starrkirch-Wil the first Christian Catholic church in Switzerland; In the following decades, with the support of the shoe industrialist Carl Franz Bally , he devoted himself to building it up.

After the Basel bishop Lachat, who resided in Solothurn, was deposed as bishop of Basel by the diocese cantons, without the votes of Lucerne and Zug, for illegal behavior and expelled from the canton of Solothurn on April 16, 1873, the culture war broke out in Switzerland .

Writing

He wrote some writings that dealt critically with the Catholic Church, and from 1873 edited the Catholic papers that Peter Dietschi had founded and from which the Christian Catholic Church newspaper emerged . He also published under the pseudonym Der Wächter auf dem St. Ursenturm , which presumably referred to the tower guard of the St. Ursenkathedrale . In his writings he dealt among other things with the separation between the state and religious institutions .

Fonts (selection)

  • The Vatican Council and Priestly Marriage . Bern 1870.
  • Theological studies and reviews. A contribution to the church's daily history . Bern 1870.
  • Church reform and the first Vatican Council . Bern 1870.
  • Appellation to public opinion against the recent excommunication of Mr. Eugen Lachat together with an appendix from pieces of files . Bern 1872.
  • The Roman money market. With an appendix: Habermus for Lachat-Düret . Bern 1873. (pseudonym)
  • The clerical oath and the Roman mass proxy. A spiritual health pill . Bern 1874. (pseudonym)
  • Measuring booklet for use during all times of the church year . Olten 1874.
  • Priestly marriage and compulsory celibacy . Aarau 1875.
  • Freedom and its servitude by Rome . Olten 1881.
  • Paulin Gschwind; Adolf Gschwind: Religious and moral teaching for Christian youth . Bern 1881.
  • History of the formation of the Christian Catholic Church in Switzerland . Bern 1904.
  • Life picture of the pastor Maria Rosina Gschwind . Lenzburg 1905.
  • Peregrin's autobiography. At the same time, a representation of a piece of Kulturkampf based on official files, many letters and personal experiences . Bern 1907.
  • Separation of state and church, but not separation of state and religion . Olten 1908.
  • The Vatican Council and the Kulturkampf, the first Christian Catholic parishes, the church constitution and the Swiss national bishopric . Solothurn 1910.

literature

  • Paulin Gschwind : In: In the new realm: weekly for the life of the German people in state science and art , 3rd year, 1st volume. Leipzig 1873. p. 464 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schmid, Karl. Retrieved January 17, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Gschwind-Hofer, Rosina. Retrieved January 16, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Zeller, Rudolf. Retrieved January 17, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Dieter Kraus: Swiss State Church Law: Main lines of the relationship between state and church at the federal and cantonal level . Mohr Siebeck, 1993, ISBN 978-3-16-146069-2 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  5. ^ Augustin Keller: Report of the diocesan delegates to the high government council of the canton Aargau regarding the impeachment of Mr. Eugen Lachat, Bishop of Basel . 1873 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  6. ↑ E. Friedberg: files concerning the Old Catholic Movement . 1876, ISBN 978-5-87433-143-6 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  7. ↑ St. Peter and Paul Starrkirch - Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland. Retrieved January 17, 2020 .
  8. ↑ New Bavarian Volksblatt: 1872, No. 313 . Schmidbauer, November 18, 1872 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  9. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Political History of the Present . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-99200-1 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  10. ↑ Willy Schönenberger: Traces from the Jauntal lead to Starrkirch-Wil: Gertrud Lupberger-Buchs. In: Echo vom Jauntal, Volume 64, No. 4 February 24, 2010, accessed on January 17, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Daniel Gerny Schönenwerd: In the footsteps of a militant shoe manufacturer | NZZ. Retrieved January 17, 2020 .
  12. ↑ The History of a Church. Retrieved January 17, 2020 (Swiss Standard German).
  13. ↑ Lukas Vischer, Rudolf Dellsperger: Ecumenical Church History of Switzerland . Saint-Paul, 1998, ISBN 978-3-7228-0417-0 ( google.de [accessed January 17, 2020]).
  14. ^ Christian wing: The Union of Utrecht and the history of its churches . 2014, ISBN 978-3-7322-9437-4 ( google.de [accessed on January 16, 2020]).
  15. ↑ Gschwind Paulin. Retrieved January 16, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Gschwind, Paulin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Peregrin; The guard on the St. Ursenturm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Catholic and later Christian Catholic clergyman
DATE OF BIRTH December 22, 1833
PLACE OF BIRTH Therwil
DATE OF DEATH October 13, 1914
Place of death Riehen