Piscator Bible

Johannes Piscator

Piscator Bible facsimile

The German translation of the Bible by Johannes Piscator from the years 1602 to 1604 is called the Piscator Bible .

background

The German Calvinists originally used the Luther Bible , which was provided with additional explanations or additions. Thus in 1568 the Heidelberg Bible was created, 1571–1591 the Neustadt Bibles, 1589–1591 the Dresden Bible, 1595 the Herborn Bible and 1601 the Kassel Luther Bible. The theological contrast between Lutherans and Calvinists, however, required a complete translation of the Bible in a Calvinist sense. Amandus Polanus von Polansdorf submitted the first Calvinist translation of the Bible in Geneva in 1603 . This was based on the Luther Bible, but Polanus adapted many formulations in the Calvinist sense. This translation caused great indignation among the Lutherans. Against this background, Johannes Piscator decided to produce the first independent Calvinist translation of the Bible.

The translation

Piscator had written a commentary on the New Testament from 1589 to 1597 and a commentary on the Old Testament since 1601 . He used this preliminary work to translate the Bible from 1602 to 1604. The Latin and French translations made by his fellow believers in Geneva were important sources for him. But also formulations of the Luther Bible were adopted in many passages of the text.

When translating, he paid attention to philological accuracy. This makes the text linguistically sometimes bumpy. The text is also characterized by the use of Upper German word forms.

The addition of the affirming oath “God strafe me” in Mk 8.12 EU , which follows its factually correct actual translation and is identified by smaller printing , was used by the Lutheran opponents of the Bible translation to classify the Bible as the “punishing me God Bible” describe.

The importance of translation

The Piscator Bible was used in Herborn until 1652. Further editions were later used in Germany. Its use in the canton of Bern as the official state Bible from 1684 to the end of the 18th century is what makes this translation of the Bible so important.

expenditure

First edition

Biblia, That is: All books of the H. Scriptures of the old and new testaments: From Hebrew and Greek spraach ... on the new translated . Rab, Herborn 1602–1604 (VD17 23: 271870C)

Part 1: The First Part Of The Old Testament: Inside The Five Books Of Moses . Rab, Herborn 1602 (VD17 23: 271877F, key pages )

Part 2: The Other Part Of The Old Testament: Included In The Remaining Historical Books . Rab, Herborn 1603 (VD17 23: 271879W, key pages )

Part 3: The Third Part Of The Old Testament: Therein Several Textbooks Of Most Important Matters . Rab, Herborn 1603 (VD17 23: 271881S, key pages )

Part 4: The Fourth Part Of The Old Testament: Therein The Prophets . Rab, Herborn 1603 (VD17 23: 271883G, key pages )

Part 5: Appendix to the Old Testament: This includes the books / which are called Apocrypha . Rab, Herborn 1603 (VD17 23: 271887N, key pages )

Part 6: 1 : The first part of the new testament: therein The four Evangelia . Rab, Herborn 1604 (VD17 3: 318820H, key pages )

Part 6.2: The other part of the new testament: therein the other books of the same are included . Rab, Herborn 1604 (VD17 3: 318822Y, key pages )

Further editions up to 1700

Biblia, That is: All books of the H. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. From Hebrew and Greek spoke ... on the new twisted . Second edition. Rab, Herborn 1604-1605
- Part 1: The First Part Of The Old Testament: Therein The Five Books Of Moses . Rab, Herborn 1604 (VD17 1: 053123C, key pages ; different printing: VD17 3: 316487V, key pages )
- Part 2: The Other Thail Of The Old Testament: Included In The Remaining Historical Books . Rab, Herborn 1605 (VD17 3: 316489L, key pages, different printing: VD17 1: 053125T, key pages )
Biblia, That is: All books of the H. Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. The other editioon. Rabe, Herborn 1617 (only part 1, the first part of the Old Testament of this edition has been published; VD17 23: 673123X, key pages )
Biblia, That is: All books of the Holy Scriptures Old and New Testaments , Sas, Duisburg 1682–1684 (VD17 3: 316464K)
- Part 1. Sas, Duisburg 1684 (VD17 3: 316466Z, key pages )
- Part 2: The New Testament . Sas, Duisburg 1682 (VD17 3: 316468Q, key pages )
The Newe Testament of Our Lord Jesus Christ . [Thormann], Bern 1683, published 1684 (VD17 23: 231160V, key pages )
Biblia, That is: All the books of salvation. Writes the Old and New Testaments . 4 volumes. Hügenet, Bern 1684 (VD17 23: 231092Z, key pages );
- Part 1: Title, prefaces, register and five books of Moses ( digitized version with incorrect metadata )
- Part 2: The Other Part of the Old Testament Inside: The rest of the historical books comprehended (digitized version missing)
- Part 3: The Third Part of the Old Testament Inside: Several textbooks on very important things ( digitized version )

The New Testament / Or The Books of the New Covenant of our Lord Jesus Christ . Hardmeyer, [Zurich] and Hügenet, Bern 1697 (VD17 23: 673022K, key pages )

The Psalter of David . Hügenet, Bern 1698 (VD17 23: 673029N, key pages )

Facsimile of the 2nd Herborn edition

Ulrich Bister (Hrsg.): The Piscator Bible NT - facsimile reprint + accompanying volume . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2003, ISBN 978-3-943091-01-4 .
Ulrich Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible AT (Part 1) - The 5 Books of Moses . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-943091-02-1 .
Jean Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible AT (Part 2) - Josua to Esther . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2011, ISBN 978-3-943091-03-8 .
Jean Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible AT (Part 3) - Job to Song of Songs . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2012, ISBN 978-3-943091-04-5 .
Jean Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible AT (Part 4) - Isaiah to Malachi . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2013, ISBN 978-3-943091-05-2 .
Jean Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible - Apocrypha . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-943091-06-9 .
Jean Bister (Ed.): The Piscator Bible - special volume with excerpts from the “Appendix of the Herborn Biblical Work” . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-943091-13-7 .

literature

Johannes Piscator: Apologia, That is / Defamation of the new Herborn Bible: Against the Lester book of Paul Röders pastor to Kochberg . Rabe, Herborn 1608. (VD17 3: 316661X, key pages )
Rudolf Steck: The Piscator Bible and its introduction in Bern in 1684. A study on the prehistory of the Swiss Bible translation (Rector's speech, given on November 21, 1897 at the University of Bern). Wyß, Bern 1897. ( digitized version )
Stefan Sonderegger : History of German Bible Translations in Basics , In: Werner Besch u. a .: History of language. A handbook on the history of the German language and its research . 1st subband. 2nd Edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-011257-4 , pp. 229–283, especially p. 269 ( Google Books )
Ulrich Bister (ed.): The reformed Herborn Bible by Johann Piscator. History and impact . Sepher-Verlag, Herborn 2001. ISBN 978-3-943091-00-7 .

Individual evidence

↑ Stefan Sonderegger : History of German Bible translations in basics , in: Werner Besch among others: Language history. A handbook on the history of the German language and its research . 1st subband. 2nd Edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-011257-4 , SS 269 ( Google Books )
↑ cf. Pierer's Universal Lexikon, 1863 ; the place in the 1684 edition see digitized version , top left
↑ Urs Joerg / David Marc Hoffmann (Red.): The Bible in Switzerland. Origin and History , Basel 1997, pp. 228–232.

[1] Stefan Sonderegger : History of German Bible translations in basics , in: Werner Besch among others: Language history. A handbook on the history of the German language and its research . 1st subband. 2nd Edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-011257-4 , SS 269 ( Google Books )

[2] . Pierer's Universal Lexikon, 1863 ; the place in the 1684 edition see digitized version , top left

[3] Urs Joerg / David Marc Hoffmann (Red.): The Bible in Switzerland. Origin and History , Basel 1997, pp. 228–232.