Jakob Reumann
.jpg)
Jakob Reumann (born December 31, 1853 in Vienna ; † July 29, 1925 in Klagenfurt ) was a social democratic politician , 1919–1923 mayor of Vienna and 1920–1923 first governor of the new federal state of Vienna.
Life
The illegitimate son of a doctor and a worker first became a sculptor's apprenticeship, then a wood turner in a meerschaum pipe factory and founded the first union in this branch here. After the founding of the Austrian Social Democratic Workers' Party at the Hainfeld party congress in 1888/89, he became the party's first secretary and editor of the new party organ, the Arbeiter-Zeitung , which had appeared for over a hundred years from July 12, 1889 .
On September 3, 1904, he took part as editor of the association journal Arbeiter-Genossenschaft on the Association Day of the Workers' Acquisition and Economic Cooperative . He applied for a commission to be set up to prepare the establishment of the large purchasing company of Austrian consumer associations. This happened and in 1905 the GöC was founded.
From 1900 a member of the Viennese municipal council , which was then dominated by Christian societies , he became a member of the Austrian Reichsrat from 1907 after the introduction of the general and equal male suffrage (only at the national level of Austria ), and from 1917 also a city councilor of Vienna .
After the proclamation of the Republic of German-Austria , when the Social Democrats in the Vienna city administration were granted political co-determination for the first time, roughly in line with their strength in the electorate, Reumann was given the chairmanship of the provisional municipal council of Vienna in 1918 and initially elected Vice Mayor.
As a former member of the Reichsrat, Reumann was, like all the other members of the German-populated parts of Old Austria, a member of the Provisional National Assembly for German Austria from October 22, 1918 to February 16, 1919 . She tried to join the country to Germany, but was prevented from doing so by the victorious powers of World War I.
After the municipal council election in Vienna in 1919 , which took place on May 4, Jakob Reumann became the first social democratic mayor of Vienna on May 21, 1919 . In autumn 1919 Reumann supported the governor of Lower Austria , the Viennese social democrat Albert Sever , in making the further stay of (mainly Jewish) refugees from the old Austrian crown land of Galicia in German Austria more difficult and / or ending. The project was not carried out, mainly for reasons of foreign policy.
On June 1, 1920, Mayor Reumann took over the chairmanship of the newly created city senate, which since November 10, 1920 also served as the Viennese provincial government . In the Federal Constitutional Act , which came into force on November 10, 1920 , Vienna was declared a federal state in addition to its function as a municipality ; Reumann was now also governor (the municipal council also state parliament). He was sent to the Federal Council by the Vienna State Parliament and became its first chairman (until 1921).
He negotiated the so-called Separation Act with Lower Austria-Land , as the state surrounding Vienna without the city of Vienna was temporarily called, which mainly concerned the division of buildings and real estate between the two new states. It came into force on January 1, 1922, making Vienna economically independent from Lower Austria.
As mayor, Reumann was essentially responsible for the social reform community policy of the Viennese Social Democrats, who ruled with a clear absolute majority. The reforms in “ Red Vienna ” mainly concerned urban housing and tenant protection, the health and welfare system, and educational and leisure facilities. In 1923, under his leadership, the first major residential construction program was decided, which envisaged the construction of 25,000 community apartments within five years.
The Social Democrat Reumann came into conflict with the bourgeois federal governments of the time several times. In particular at the world premiere of the scandalous “ Reigen ” by Arthur Schnitzler in the Deutsches Volkstheater in Vienna on February 1, 1921. The Christian Social Interior Minister Egon Glanz “asked” Reumann to re-examine the permission to perform, and when Reumann stuck to his decision, he was charged by the federal government at the Constitutional Court , but acquitted because the “request” did not constitute a legally binding instruction.
The second case against Reumann before the Constitutional Court took place a year later, when Reumann, contrary to an instruction from Minister Richard Schmitz , approved the construction of a crematorium in Vienna, the Simmering fire hall . Again there was an acquittal: Although the instruction given to Reumann was correct this time, the governor was subject to an “excusable legal error” because, due to the rather complicated legal situation, he had assumed that the funeral system was an autonomous state matter which the Federal Minister may not issue any instructions.
On November 13, 1923, Reumann resigned as mayor of Vienna and was made an honorary citizen of Vienna. In the Federal Council, to which he had been a member since 1920, he was again chairman in 1924 and held this office until his death.
Reumann died in Klagenfurt in 1925. His urn was buried in an honorary grave on the forecourt of the Simmering fire hall, which he opened in December 1922. A few weeks after his death, the Bürgerplatz in the Vienna workers' district of Favoriten (10th district, Reumann's closer home) was renamed Reumannplatz . The Reumannhof community building on Margaretengürtel (5th district), completed in 1926, was also named after him.
literature
- Andreas P. Pittler : Jakob Reumann. Gerold, Vienna 2011
- K. Gladt: Reumann Jakob. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , p. 96.
- Biographical data of Jakob Reumann . In: Niederösterreichische Landtagdirektion (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch des NÖ Landtag: 1861–1921. Lower Austria Landtag Directorate, St. Pölten, print: ISBN 3-85006-166-3 (as of January 1, 2005). Online version: PDF, 843 kB
Web links
- Jakob Reumann on the website of the Austrian Parliament
- Entry on Jakob Reumann in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Jakob Reumann. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Richard Weiskirchner |
Mayor of Vienna 1919 - 1923 |
Karl Seitz |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Reumann, Jakob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian member of the Reichsrat, mayor of Vienna, member of the state parliament, member of the Bundesrat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 31, 1853 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 29, 1925 |
| Place of death | Klagenfurt |