1919
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Calendar overview 1919
1919 | |
---|---|
The suppression of the Spartacus uprising in Berlin ends the November Revolution . | |
Friedrich Ebert is sworn in as Reich President. | Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered. The Munich Soviet Republic is crushed. |
1919 in other calendars | |
Armenian calendar | 1367/68 (turn of the year July) |
Ethiopian calendar | 1911/12 (September 11-12) |
Baha'i calendar | 75/76 (March 20/21) |
Bengali solar calendar | 1324/25 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
Buddhist calendar | 2462/63 (southern Buddhism); 2461/62 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Earth- Sheep 己未 ( until January 31st Earth-Horse 戊午) |
Chuch'e ideology (North Korea) | Chuch'e 8 |
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1281/82 (turn of the year April) |
Dangun era (Korea) | 4252/53 (October 2/3) |
Iranian calendar | 1297/98 (around March 21) |
Islamic calendar | 1337/38 (September 25-26) |
Japanese calendar |
Taishō 8 (
大 正 元年); Koki 2579 |
Jewish calendar | 5679/80 (September 24/25) |
Coptic calendar | 1635/36 (September 11-12) |
Malayalam calendar | 1094/95 |
Minguo calendar (China) | Year 8 of the Republic |
Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1334/35 (March 1) |
Seleucid era | Babylon: 2229/30 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2230/31 (turn of the year October) |
Suriyakati Calendar (Thai Solar Calendar) | 2461/62 (April 1) |
Tibetan calendar | 1665 |
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1975/76 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Peace negotiations after the world war
- January 3 : Faisal-Weizmann Agreement
- January 10th : The Allied occupation of the Rhineland begins; the Free State of Bottleneck is created.
- January 18 : Suburban Paris treaties : Beginning of the Paris Peace Conference in Versailles in 1919
- May 7th : In Versailles, the German delegation receives the draft of the Allied peace treaty to end the First World War . The virtually unchangeable contractual conditions result in the complete resignation of the Scheidemann cabinet in June .
- June 21 : On the orders of Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter , shortly before the signing of the Versailles peace treaty, the imperial deep-sea fleet scuttled in Scapa Flow .
- June 28th : The German delegation protests to sign the Versailles Peace Treaty , which formally closes the First World War . At the same time, the statutes of the emerging League of Nations are accepted in the treaty . On the same day, the minority protection treaty between the main Allied and Associated Powers and Poland is signed.
- September 10 : The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed by representatives of the Allies and German Austria .
- October 17th : The realm of Alsace-Lorraine of the German Empire is dissolved by France.
- November 27th : The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine establishes the terms of peace for Tsarist Bulgaria .
- December 8th : The Curzon Line is created in Paris as a proposal for the Polish-Russian demarcation line .
German Empire / Free City of Danzig
- January 1 : The eight-hour day comes into force in the German Reich as a result of the Stinnes-Legien Agreement .
- January 1st : Karl Liebknecht , Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches found the KPD as an independent party .
- January 4th : The Berlin Police President Emil Eichhorn ( USPD ) is dismissed by the Council of People's Representatives under Friedrich Ebert . This leads to mass demonstrations the following day and the start of the Spartacus uprising .
- 5 .: With the occupation of the printing works for the newspapers Vorwärts and Berliner Tageblatt as well as a strike call for the following day, the Spartacus uprising begins in Berlin , which is suppressed by January 13th .
- January 10th : The occupation of the Rhineland leads to the emergence of the micro nation Free State of Bottleneck .
- January 10 : The workers 'and soldiers' council proclaims the Bremen council republic .
- January 11th : In Cuxhaven , the workers 'and soldiers' council proclaims the “Socialist Republic of Cuxhaven”.
- January 15 : Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered by soldiers of the Guard Cavalry Rifle Division in Berlin ; Luxemburg's body sunk in the Landwehr Canal.
- January 19 : Election to the National Assembly in Germany. For the first time women are given the right to vote and stand for election .
- February 6 : Opening of the Weimar National Assembly by Friedrich Ebert
Wikisource: Opening Address - Sources and Full Texts
- February 10 : The law on provisional imperial power regulates government power in the transition phase from the German Empire to the Weimar Republic .
- February 11th : Friedrich Ebert is elected by the National Assembly as the first Reich President of the Weimar Republic and remains so until 1925 , see: Reich President Election 1919 .
- February 13 : The Scheidemann cabinet accepts the date as a national government acting Council of the People's Deputies , the authority in Germany .
- February 17 : Hermann Ehrhardt founds the anti-republican 2nd Marine Brigade in Wilhelmshaven .
- February 19 : Marie Juchacz gives a speech in front of the Weimar National Assembly as the first woman in a German parliament.
- February 19 : The lotter putsch initiated by sailors against the Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner fails in Munich .
- February 21 : The student Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley carries out an assassination attempt on the Bavarian Prime Minister Kurt Eisner ( USPD ), Eisner dies.
- March 3 : The Berlin March fighting begins in the Lichtenberg district , killing more than 1,200 people.
- March 6 : The law on the formation of a provisional Reichswehr comes into force.
- March 23 : Around 70,000 people demonstrate in Danzig against the separation of the city from Germany and the annexation to Poland as well as against the city's status as a city republic . On April 25, there was another demanstration with around 100,000 participants, around a third of the population at that time.
- April 7th : The Soviet Republic of Bavaria is proclaimed in Munich . The Bavarian government of Prime Minister Johannes Hoffmann flees to Bamberg and calls on troops from the Reich and from Württemberg to help put down the rebellion.
- April 13th : After the Palm Sunday coup was thwarted , the second - communist - phase of the Munich Soviet Republic is initiated.
- April 14 : The executive council of works and soldiers' councils calls for arming in Munich .
- April 16 : The revolutionary " Reds " win the "Battle" near Dachau , almost without a fight .
- April 26th : A state assembly passes the constitution of the democratic people's state of Württemberg , which emerged from the Kingdom of Württemberg after the November Revolution.
- May 2nd : Colonel von Epp's Reichswehr troops occupy Munich after fierce fighting against communists and anarchists .
- June 20 : Philipp Scheidemann , a staunch opponent of the Versailles Treaty, resigns in the dispute over the signing of the treaty.
- June 21 : Gustav Bauer is sworn in as Prime Minister of the Reich. The Cabinet Bauer as already the Scheidemann cabinet of SPD , Center and DDP worn. Bauer supports the signing of the Versailles Treaty, but would like to renegotiate individual points. At the June 22 session he had to admit that his interventions with the Allies were unsuccessful.
- June 23 to July 1 : Brawn riots in Hamburg . As a result, the Reichswehr and Freikorps occupy the city.
- July 5 : In Nuremberg, the General German Trade Union Confederation is formed, an amalgamation of 52 trade unions led by Carl Legien .
- August 11th : The Weimar National Assembly gives Germany a democratic-parliamentary constitution. The Weimar Constitution comes into force on August 14th .
- August 11 : The Reich Settlement Act is passed.
- August 12th : With the adopted Bamberg constitution , Bavaria receives the first democratic constitution in its history.
- 16 / August 17 : In Upper Silesia begins under the leadership of Alfonso Zgrzebniok and Wojciech Korfanty an uprising with the aim of connection to the newly created Polish state . The occasion is the killing of ten striking Polish miners from the Myslowitz mine the day before. The uprising is put down by the Black Reichswehr on August 26th .
- August 20 : At the 84th session of the Weimar National Assembly , the Committee of Inquiry into the Guilt Issues of the World War is set up to deal with the events that led to the outbreak, the prolongation and the loss of the First World War after Germany with Art. 231 des Peace Treaty of Versailles the sole war guilt was imposed.
- August 25 : The Bavarian War Ministry is dissolved, the soldiers are integrated into the Reichswehr . The Weimar Constitution reserves national defense solely to the Reich .
- August 27 : The Interior Ministry of the Weimar Republic declares that there will be no more sedan celebrations . These celebrations previously commemorated the victory at the Battle of Sedan on September 2, 1870 ( Franco-German War )
- September 30th : In the German Reich, the technical emergency aid is founded as a nationwide organization.
- November 2nd : Foundation of the Lusatian People's Party to represent the interests of the Sorbian people
- November 30th : In the first free referendum in Germany, over 88% of those entitled to vote in the Free State of Coburg vote against the merger with the Thuringian states . As a result, in 1920 it was united with the Free State of Bavaria .
- November: The Berlin city commander Otto Wels forms soldiers' defenses to protect against looting and civil war in Berlin.
- December 9 : The members of the constituent people's chamber in Darmstadt pass the constitution of the people's state of Hesse .
- December 13 : Marie Juchacz founds the Arbeiterwohlfahrt in Germany under the name of the Main Committee for Workers' Welfare in the SPD .
- December 13th : The Reich Tax Code is passed in Germany . The shell law summarizes the various tax regulations, introduces the tax courts and creates a uniform criminal tax law .
- December 16 : The Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge is founded in Berlin . First president is Colonel a. D. Joseph Koeth .
- December 18 : Law to prosecute war crimes and war crimes to prosecute crimes “committed by a German at home and abroad during the war”.
- Red Guards occupy Munich Central Station
- Max Brauer ( SPD ) becomes Mayor of Altona under the liberal Lord Mayor Bernhard Schnackenburg
- During the peace negotiations in Versailles , the British delegate Keynes resigns out of indignation at the level of reparation demands on Germany .
Austro-Hungarian successor states
- January 1 : Czechoslovakia occupies Pressburg , Hungary .
- January 23 : Beginning of the Polish-Czechoslovak border war over the Olsa area
- January 27th : A demonstration by Slovenian Germans in Marburg an der Drau is violently broken up by soldiers of the SHS Army on Marburg's Bloody Sunday .
- February 16 : The election of the constituent national assembly in Austria is the first free and equal election in the history of Austria . For the first time women can vote . The party with the largest number of votes and mandates is the SDAPÖ under State Chancellor Karl Renner .
- March 4 : Sudeten Germans demonstrate in Czechoslovakia for the right of peoples to self-determination . Military units violently break up the rallies.
- The Constituent National Assembly of the State of German-Austria creates the State Council with effect from March 15 , which consists of the three Presidents of the National Assembly and 20 other members.
- March 21 : The space provided in the Hungarian postwar turmoil from prison communist Béla Kun calls in Hungary , the Soviet Republic from. Mihály Károlyi had previously resigned as president of the republic due to a storm of indignation among the population, triggered by the cession of Magyar-populated areas to neighboring states.
- March 23 : The last monarch of Austria-Hungary , Charles I, leaves Austria with his family and goes into exile in Switzerland. In the Feldkirch Manifesto, he revoked his waiver of government business before crossing the border, which soon became the cause of the Habsburg law .
- May 4 : In the first state election in Lower Austria after the World War, the Social Democratic Workers' Party of German Austria (SDAPDÖ) achieved 46.7% and achieved an absolute majority with 62 out of 120 seats. In addition to the Christian Social Party , the German National Party and two small parties also move into the state parliament. At the time of the election, Vienna is still part of Lower Austria. On May 20th, the Social Democrat Albert Sever is elected Governor of Lower Austria by the Landtag .
- May 31 : In the Republic of German Austria , the resettlement law directed against large landowners is passed . The law authorizes the agricultural authorities to expropriate land if it was owned by (small) farmers before January 1, 1870 and if there has been a change in ownership since then. Smallholder structures are to be re-established on these “ laid ” farm estates.
- August 1st : Dissolution of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
- September 10 : Adoption of the Peace Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye by the Austrian National Assembly. This makes South Tyrol Italian.
- October 21 : Based on the peace treaty of Saint Germain , the “National Council for German Austria ” decides on the new state name “Republic of Austria” .
- November 16 : Admiral Miklós Horthy moves into Budapest with his troops, who have left the council government as a result of the Hungarian-Romanian War since August. As a conservative, Horthy enjoys the consent of the occupying power Romania.
Polish-Soviet War
- February: The first unplanned clash between Polish units and the Red Army occurs after both sides have previously taken action against Ukrainian nationalists. The Polish-Soviet War begins.
- March: The Red Army begins a successful offensive on Vilna and Grodno , formally part of Lithuania, but ethnically mostly Polish. At the same time, Poland attacks along the Memel and takes the small towns of Pinsk and Lida in Belarus.
- April 19 : A Polish advance drives the Soviets out of Vilnius.
- July 17 : A truce is signed in the Polish-Ukrainian War .
- August 28th : Poland uses tanks for the first time to capture Babrujsk .
- Due to its technical superiority, the Polish army can compensate for the numerical disproportion to the Soviet army: Poland had 230,000 soldiers on its eastern border in 1919, while the Red Army comprised a total of 2,300,000 soldiers, many of whom, however, were tied up in the civil war in their own country. The situation of the young Soviet power, which is bound in a multi-front war and also suffers from famine and revolts, is difficult as a result. By the beginning of 1920, however, the Soviet troops had smashed most of the White Armies in the civil war .
The successor states of Russia
- January 1 : The Soviet Republic of Belarus , which was proclaimed on December 25, 1918 , is founded.
- January 6th : During the Estonian War of Freedom , Estonian troops start a counter-offensive against the Red Army . By February 1st, they recaptured the Estonian territories occupied by the Red Army. Johan Laidoner is appointed commander in chief of the Estonian troops.
- January 6th : After the conquest of Kiev by Bolshevik troops, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is proclaimed in Kharkov . The West Ukrainian People's Republic decided on January 22 their union with the Soviet Republic, while the Ukrainian People's Republic in the Polish-Ukrainian war to the former Austro-Hungarian parts of Ukraine changes sides and on the part of Poland in the Soviet Polish war occurs.
- January: During the Latvian War of Independence and the Estonian War of Independence , civilian victims of communist-motivated violence die as civilian victims of communist-motivated violence, numerous German-Baltic Evangelical clergymen and other church-related people who are known today in the church as Baltic martyrs , including Walther Paucker , Alexander Bernewitz , Traugott Hahn , Xaver Marnitz , Marie Schlieps , Karl Schlau and Marion von Klot , as well as Russian Orthodox clergy like the Bishop of Riga, Platon Kulbusch and the priest Michael Bleiveand Nikolai Bezhanitsky .
- March 4 : The Comintern , an association of all communist parties, is founded in Moscow .
- April 9th : In the Russian Civil War , which has been going on since 1917 , the French soldiers and sailors refuse to take part in an offensive against the Red Army , and the uprising in the French Black Sea Fleet begins . In May it expanded into a naval uprising in the French home ports as well, forcing the French government to end direct armed intervention in the Russian civil war. The sailors' uprising is the culmination of the "Hands off Soviet Russia" movement.
- April 18 : Finland resumes the Eastern war campaigns against Soviet Russia , which had broken off the previous year .
- April 23 : Fourteen months after the proclamation of the manifesto to all the peoples of Estonia , the declaration of independence of Estonia , the constituent assembly Asutav Kogu meets .
- April 26 : Andrievs Niedra is appointed Prime Minister of a government set up in Latvia by the Allied authorities, by bourgeois Latvians and by the German General Command.
- May 22nd : The Baltic State Armed Forces and German Freikorps conquer Riga .
- June 5 : German-Baltic units conquer Wenden . On June 10, an armistice is concluded between the Estonian and German-Baltic troops. Latvian troops join the Estonians during the negotiations, which is one of the reasons why talks failed on June 19th.
- June 19 : The Iron Division opens the Battle of Wenden between Estonian-Latvian troops and the Baltic National Army, reinforced by German Freikorps , with an attack on the Estonian positions near Limbaži . This ends on June 23 with an Estonian victory. Estonian-Latvian troops advance on Riga.
- July 3 : The Strasdenhof armistice ends the civil war-like fighting between German and Estonian-Latvian troops. It is closed with the mediation of Hubert Gough , the commander of the Allied Military Mission in the Baltic States and Finland .
- July 17 : The Finnish Constitution of 1919 comes into force.
- July: Pawel Michailowitsch Bermondt-Awaloff founds the anti-Bolshevik West Russian Liberation Army consisting of Russians, Baltic Germans and Reich Germans .
- August 5 : After the surviving soldiers have been transported back to the USA, the ANREF , which has been fighting in northern Russia since September 1918 as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian civil war , is officially dissolved.
Great Britain and Ireland
- January 21 : In Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary , Irish Volunteers led by Dan Breen attack the Royal Irish Constabulary . This event is considered to be the beginning of the Irish War of Independence . South Tipperary is placed under martial law three days later.
- January 21 : The MPs of the Irish Republican party Sinn Féin elected in the general election in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland declare themselves to be the Assembly of Ireland in Dublin and proclaim the Irish Republic by ratifying the 1916 Easter Proclamation .
Portugal
- January 27 : Following the restoration of the parliamentary republic , João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa hands over the post of Prime Minister of Portugal to José Carlos de Mascarenhas Relvas of the Democratic Party . Its government is known as the "government of republican concentration" because it represents all of the different currents of republicans (democrats, evolutionists and unionists ).
- March 30 : Domingos Leite Pereira replaces his party colleague José Relvas as Prime Minister of Portugal.
- June 30 : President João do Canto e Castro resigns from office, as does Prime Minister Domingos Leite Pereira. Alfredo de Sá Cardoso becomes prime minister and at the same time takes over the office of interior and foreign minister, João do Canto e Castro can be persuaded by parliament to remain in office for the time being.
- October 5th : António José de Almeida becomes the new President of Portugal.
Greece / Anatolia
- March 4th : Damad Ferid Pasha becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed VI.
- May 15 : Greek troops occupy Smyrna , starting the war for Asia Minor with the Anatolian part of the Ottoman Empire , which was destroyed in the First World War .
- May 19 : The arrival of Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Samsun marks the beginning of the Turkish national movement's war of liberation against the occupation and political and economic tutelage by foreign powers. The fighting is directed u. a. against Armenia , Greece and the French occupying power in Anatolia, which are supported by the Western powers Great Britain and Italy .
- June 11 : Damad Ferid Pascha condemns the Armenian genocide , for which he blames “ Talât , Enver and Cemal ” and “a handful of secondary accomplices”.
- July 23rd to August 4th : Congress of Erzurum
- September 4th : The Sivas Congress begins in Turkey
- September 30th : Damad Ferid Pascha is dismissed from the office of Grand Vizier. Ali Rıza Pasha succeeded him on October 6th .
Other events in Europe
- January 1st : Gustave Ador becomes the new Federal President of Switzerland .
- March 20 : With the Huelga de La Canadiense , the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo enforces the eight-hour day in Spain .
- March 23 : Benito Mussolini unites various anti-socialist fighting groups under the organizational direction of Roberto Farinacci and founds the Fasci di combattimento , the fascist movement in Italy .
- June 7 : Several hundred Armenians are killed in the Chaibalikend massacre in Nagorno-Karabakh .
- June 7 : In Malta there is an uprising against the British colonial power , with four Maltese are killed.
- June 22nd : Jens Oliver Lisberg hoists the first flag of the Faroe Islands .
- September 28 : In a referendum , the participating Luxembourg voters decide, on the one hand, with 77.8 percent of the votes in favor of maintaining the monarchy under Grand Duchess Charlotte and, on the other hand, prefer economic affiliation with France (60.1 percent of the votes).
United States of America
- January 16 : The United States Congress ratifies the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution introducing alcohol prohibition exactly one year later. The intoxicating alcoholic beverages, the manufacture, sale and transport of which is banned, is defined in the Volstead Act , which is passed on October 28th against the presidential veto.
- June 2 : The first Red Scare begins: A series of bombs explodes in eight American cities, leading to the Palmer raids against anarchists and leftists carried out by Justice Secretary Alexander Mitchell Palmer and his assistant J. Edgar Hoover .
- June 4 : The United States Congress passes the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution , paving the way for women to vote the following year.
- September 1 : After being expelled from the Socialist Party of America for Bolshevism , Charles Ruthenberg and others found the Communist Party of America . At the same time as the founding of the CPA, the founding event of the Communist Labor Party (CLP) takes place around John Reed and Alfred Wagenknecht .
- September 30 to October 2 : The Elaine massacre , a pogrom against the Afro-American population in Elaine , Arkansas, kills around 200 people. It marks the culmination of the " Red Summer " racial riots in the United States.
- November 10 : Victor L. Berger , who as a member of the Socialist Party of America to the United States House of Representatives has been elected, will be sitting for his opposition to war and the conviction under the Espionage Act denied.
- Serious race rioting erupts in the United States, killing several hundred. The red summer is barely dealt with legally and historically.
Afghanistan
- February 20 : Habibullah Khan , the 15th emir of Afghanistan, is murdered on a hunting trip. A few weeks after the death of the ruler it comes under his successor Amanullah Khan to third Anglo-Afghan war , which the Treaty of Rawalpindi recognition of the Emirate of Afghanistan brings as an independent state by the British.
- May 6 : In Afghanistan begins Third Anglo-Afghan War .
- August 10 : Treaty of Rawalpindi . Afghanistan becomes independent from Great Britain .
China
- May 4th : After the provisions of the Versailles Treaty became known, student riots broke out in China , which led to the May 4th Movement . China sided with the Allies in World War I and hoped for the repeal of the Unequal Treaties and non-recognition of the Twenty-One Demands of Japanof 1915. These hopes are not fulfilled by the treaties, because the Allies concluded secret agreements with Japan during the war, which included that they would support the Japanese claims in China if Japan remained on the side of the Allies in return. In addition, neither France nor the United Kingdom are prepared to give up their extraterritorial privileges and leases in China.
India
- March 20 : An Letters Patent of George V is the High Court of Judicature at Lahore as a High Court in Punjab province in British India established.
- April 13th : British colonial forces commit the Amritsar massacre of Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus who plead for India's independence.
Korea
- March 1st : Independence from the Japanese Empire is read out, an independence movement is formed in Korea .
- April 11 : After protests by the Korean resistance against Japan's colonial rule , a Korean government-in-exile is founded in Shanghai, China, with the help of Rhee Syng-man and Kim Gu .
Africa
- March 3 : In Cairo, the day after the arrest of Saad Zaghlul and other officials of the nationalist Wafd party, the revolution in Egypt begins , which leads to the end of British rule in Egypt within a few years .
International organizations
- April 11th : The International Labor Organization begins its work.
- April 28th : The statutes of the League of Nations are adopted by the General Assembly of the Peace Conference of Versailles.
economy
Finance
- August 6 : The German State Committee approves the law to create a centralized Reich finance administration .
Patents
- October 28th : John A. Miller receives a patent for his underfriction wheels . The wheels of a roller coaster are held firmly on the route by these wheels reaching under the rail . This makes it possible to construct steeper descents, hills with more airtime and more inclined curves than with only side friction roller coasters and this enables the development of modern roller coasters.
Postal services
- December 21 : The German Reichspost officially announces that from January 1st, 1920 it will accept the new type of mail item for transport.
Business start-ups and liquidations
- February 8 : Henri Farman founds the world's first scheduled airline with his brother Maurice . The Lignes Farman became a predecessor of Air France in 1933 .
- April 5 : The Kawasaki Kisen company is founded by Kojiro Matsukata in Tokyo .
- May 8th : The German Nitrogen Syndicate is founded.
- June 26 : The New York publisher Joseph Medill Patterson brings the Daily News out the first daily newspaper in the small tabloid - newspaper format .
- July 1st : Hanns Porst opens a photo shop, Photo Porst, in Nuremberg .
- July 21 : Anton Herman Gerard Fokker , together with others, founds the company NV Nederlandsche Vocityuigenfabrieken , which becomes important as the Fokker aircraft factory .
- October 7th : The Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij: KLM is founded and is therefore the oldest airline in the world still in existence.
- December 6 : In the short-powered mine Robert Hall in Hamburg's home break is with the mining of lignite started.
- December 15 : After almost 25 years, the radical feminist magazine Die Frauenbewegung, edited by Minna Cauer , appears for the last time.
- Creation of the Danone company in Barcelona by Isaac Carasso
- Foundation of the company "Mechanical Trikotwarenfabriken Gebr. Mayer KG", later TRIGEMA
traffic
- October 17th : Spain's King Alfonso XIII. opens the first line of the Madrid Metro .
- Foundation of the International Air Transport Association (IATA)
science and technology
Aviation
- February 5th : Start of civil airmail in Germany. Airplanes took off twice a day from Berlin-Johannisthal to transport mail to the meeting place of the constituent national assembly in Weimar.
- 8. bis 27. May : One of three launched in Newfoundland Curtiss flying boats the US Navy, the Curtiss NC 4 , lands after eleven days and two stopovers on the Azores in Lisbon, thereby completing the first Atlantic crossing in the history of aviation .
- 14 / June 15 : The first non-stop flight across the Atlantic succeeds John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown in a Vickers Vimy in 16 hours and 12 minutes.
- June 25 : The Junkers F 13 is the first all-metal aircraft to make its maiden flight.
- July 6th : The British rigid airship R34 , launched four days earlier by East Fortune in East Lothian / Scotland, lands under the command of George Herbert Scott in Mineola on Long Island, ending the first non-stop flight of an airship across the Atlantic. On July 13, R34 completes the first non-stop transatlantic voyage in both directions. On July 2 started at the outward journey to the United States, the anchor aircraft now after 75-hour return trip to Norfolk .
- August 7 : The aviator Charles Godefroy crossed with a Nieuport 11 - biplane the Parisian Arc de Triomphe .
- September 15 : A delegation of the Inter-Allied Military Control Commission discovered plans and parts of the Mannesmann Poll three-decker , an unfinished German large aircraft , in a Mannesmann hangar .
- December 2nd : First flight of the Handley Page W.8
Natural sciences
- May 29 : Arthur Eddington observed during a total solar eclipse in the Portuguese colony of Sao Tome and Principe that the gravitational field of the sun light just as distracting as the general theory of relativity of Albert Einstein predicts.
- Ernst Späth succeeds in elucidating the structure and synthesizing mescaline
- Ernest Rutherford artificially converts nitrogen into oxygen : 14 7 N + 4 2 He → 17 8 O + 1 1 H
- Francis William Aston discovered that isotopy is a phenomenon that is common throughout the periodic table .
broadcast
- February 14 : In The Hague , the world's first commercial radio station PCGG from radio pioneer Hanso Schotanus à Steringa Idzerda goes into operation with test broadcasts .
- May 8th : The engineer Lucien Lévy receives a French patent for the heterodyne receiver he developed , which enables usable radio switching.
- July 31 : The Berlin - New York radio link opens
Teaching and Research
- May 16 : Yerevan State University is founded.
- June 27 : Foundation of the Comenius University in Bratislava
- University of Vienna : Admission of women as regular students at the law and political science faculty
Culture
Visual arts
- End of January: The expressionist Dresdner Sezession Gruppe 1919 is founded.
- February 24th : The writer Herbert Eulenberg and the painters Arthur Kaufmann and Adolf Uzarski found the artists' association Das Junge Rheinland in Düsseldorf . The association is intended to represent the common interests of young Rhenish artists and organize exhibitions. The first exhibition of the group “The Young Rhineland” took place in June / July 1919 in the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf with the participation of 113 artists.
- March 21 : The Bauhaus , initiated by Walter Gropius , is built in Weimar as a college for design.
- August 4th : The new department of the National Gallery Berlin in the Kronprinzenpalais is founded. It is the world's first public collection of 20th century contemporary modern art.
- The late Expressionist artists' association Die Kugel is founded in Magdeburg. The founding members include Bruno Beye , Wilhelm Höpfner and Günther Vogler .
- The Hamburg Secession is founded. The aim of the association is to improve the climate for the fine arts in the commercial Hanseatic city.
- The Musée Rodin in Paris opens.
Movie
- January 1st : Peter Ostermayr founds the Münchener Lichtspielkunst AG .
- February 5 : Charlie Chaplin , Douglas Fairbanks Sr. , Mary Pickford and David Wark Griffith found United Artists in order to be able to produce films independently of the major studios.
- May 13 : D. W. Griffith's silent film Broken Blossoms starring Lillian Gish , the first film to be marketed by United Artists , premieres in New York .
- September 18 : The Ufa-Palast am Zoo in Berlin opens with the world premiere of Madame DuBarry by Ernst Lubitsch .
- October 27 : In cinema Dansungsa is to fight for justice (Original title: 의리 적 구투 ), the first Korean film listed. In 1966 October 27 was declared Korean Film Day .
- Dec. 7 : The comedy A Day's Pleasure ( Hilarious hours ) of Charlie Chaplin will be premiered. Jackie Coogan made his film debut in the work.
- December 27th : Svensk Filmindustri is founded. The main owner is the industrialist Ivar Kreuger . Charles Magnusson becomes the first director .
literature
- July 10th : The first Hawthornden Prize , the oldest literary prize in Great Britain, takes place in London . The first recipient of the Alice Warrender Prize is Edward Shanks .
- The book Les Champs magnétiques by André Breton and Philippe Soupault is published as the first work of literary surrealism . The text is also considered to be one of the most important surrealist works.
- Kurt Schwitters wrote the poem To Anna Blume .
Music and theater
- January 23 : The 1913 drama of the cycle from the bourgeois heroic life by Carl Sternberg has its world premiere under the direction of Gustav Hartung at the Schauspielhaus in Frankfurt am Main. It follows as the third part of the mask trilogy on The Snob . Heinrich George gives the now ennobled Christian mask from Buchow.
- February 21 : The world premiere of the opera Abessalom and Eteri by Sacharij Paliaschwili takes place at the Georgian National Theater in Tbilisi. A motif of the composition will later be incorporated into the national anthem of Georgia . In the opera, Paliashvili combines national Georgian folk tunes with classical European music.
- March 18 : World premiere of the opera Gaudeamus by Engelbert Humperdinck in Darmstadt
- April 5 : The Singspiel Das Dorf ohne Glocke by Eduard Künneke based on the libretto by August Neidhart is premiered at the Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater in Berlin. A Hungarian legend by Árpád Pásztor served as a literary model .
- April 10 : World premiere of the musical comedy Masques et bergamasques by Gabriel Fauré in Monte Carlo
- April 16 : World premiere of the opera Don Ranudo de Colibrados by Othmar Schoeck in Zurich
- July 22nd : Manuel de Falla's ballet Der Dreispitz by the Ballets Russes is premiered in London by Pablo Picasso .
- September 30th : With Fritz Kortner in the lead role, the returnee play Die Wandlung by Ernst Toller , staged by Karlheinz Martin, premieres at the Berlin political-expressionist Theater Tribüne .
- October 6 : World premiere of the operetta Apple Blossoms by Fritz Kreisler at the Globe Theater in New York
- October 21 : World premiere of the opera Fennimore and Gerda by Frederick Delius at the Opera House in Frankfurt am Main
society
- May 5 : The national Red Cross societies of Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the USA found the League of Red Cross Societies at the suggestion of Henry P. Davison in Paris .
- May 19 : Brit Eglantyne Jebb announces the foundation of the children's charity Save the Children at the Royal Albert Hall in London . She and her sister collect donations to help children in Germany and Austria who are suffering from the aftermath of the World War .
- September 7th : The first Waldorf school opens in Stuttgart as a company school for the children of the workers and employees of the Waldorf-Astoria cigarette factory.
- December 16 : The Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge) to look after war graves abroad is founded because the German government is neither politically nor economically in a position to carry out this task at the time. The first president is Joseph Koeth . Further founding members are Heinrich Straumer and Siegfried Emmo Eulen .
- The first Montessori children's house is founded in Berlin-Lankwitz with significant participation by Clara Grunwald .
religion
- October 16 : The Sacré-Cœur de Montmartre Basilica , built since 1875, is consecrated.
- November 24 : In the encyclical Paterno iam diu , Pope Benedict XV laments . the plight of children in Central Europe. He orders the collection of monetary or in-kind donations on December 28th .
Disasters
- January 1st : sinking of the Iolaire off Stornoway - 205 dead
- End of influenza - pandemic ( " Spanish flu "), which in 1918 has begun
- September 9 : The Spanish passenger steamer Valbanera gets caught in the Florida Keys hurricane off Havana and disappears without a trace. The wreck of the ship was not found until ten days later. 488 passengers and crew members are killed.
- October 24th : Over a million gas grenades explode on the Breloh gas field near Munster , the total number of victims is not known.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- January 15 : The Tunisian sports club Espérance Tunis is founded, best known for its football and handball department.
- February 22nd : Pebble Beach Golf Links , one of the most famous golf courses in the world, opens.
- March 18th : The football club FC Valencia is officially founded after a presidential election on March 5th . The first game of the new club was lost on March 21st with 0-1 against Valencia Gimnástico .
- March 23rd : The Steyr football club Vorwärts is founded, the official founding ceremony is held on April 14th in the Casino Steyr. Vorwärts Steyr will play his first game on June 15 in Linz against the Linz athletic sports club Siegfried . It ends 2-2.
- April 1 or October 1 : The ball sports club Vorwärts 1919 Lübeck is founded.
- April 7 : The French football association Fédération Française de Football is founded.
- May 3 : A football club is founded in Bratislava , which is renamed ŠK Slovan Bratislava in 1953 .
- June 2nd : The merger of the three clubs SC Germania 1887 , Hamburger FC 1888 and FC Falke 06 creates Hamburger SV .
Nobel Prizes
- Physics : Johannes Stark , Max Planck
- Medicine : Jules Bordet
- Literature : Carl Spitteler
- Nobel Peace Prize : Thomas Woodrow Wilson
A Nobel Prize in Chemistry was not awarded.
Born
January
- January 1 : Karl Otto Dehnert , German Mayor († 2004 )
- January 1 : Daniil Alexandrowitsch Granin , Russian writer († 2017 )
- January 1 : JD Salinger , American writer († 2010 )
- January 2 : Josef Moser , Austrian politician († 2003 )
- January 2 : Philippe de Weck , Swiss banker and bank manager († 2009 )
- January 3 : Herbie Nichols , American jazz pianist and composer († 1963 )
- January 3 : Karl-Heinz Leise , German physicist († 2004 )
- January 4 : Elisabeth Trube-Becker , German forensic doctor, first German professor of forensic medicine († 2012 )
- January 4 : Lester L. Wolff , American politician
- January 5 : Al Blozis , American football player († 1945 )
- January 5 : Severino Gazzelloni , Italian flautist († 1992 )
- January 6 : Geoffrey Bingham , Australian writer († 2009 )
- January 6 : Georges Nomarski , French-Polish physicist († 1997 )
- January 7th : Ján Albrecht , Slovak composer and music teacher († 1996 )
- January 7 : Siddhi Savetsila , Thai air force officer and politician († 2015 )
- January 8 : Erna Baumbauer , German acting agent († 2010 )
- January 8 : Madge Ryan , Australian actress († 1994 )
- January 9 : Gion Condrau , Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist († 2006 )
- January 9 : Hans Lebert , Austrian writer and opera singer († 1993 )
- January 10 : Janko Bobetko , Croatian Army General († 2003 )
- January 10 : Billy Varga , American wrestler and film actor († 2013 )
- January 11 : Alexander von Branca , German architect and artist († 2011 )
- January 11 : Stan Pearson , English football player († 1997 )
- January 12 : Hans Richter , German actor († 2008 )
- January 12 : Jan Józef Szczepański , Polish writer († 2003 )
- January 13 : Ludwig Janda , German football player († 1981 )
- January 13 : M. Chenna Reddy , Indian politician of the National Congress (INC) († 1996 )
- January 14 : Giulio Andreotti , Italian politician († 2013 )
- January 14 : Andy Rooney , American journalist and author († 2011 )
- January 15 : George Cadle Price , Belizean Prime Minister († 2011 )
- January 16 : Lina Romay , American singer and actress († 2010 )
- January 16 : Otto Schweda , Austrian politician († 2011 )
- January 17th : Antonio Mingote , Spanish draftsman and author († 2012 )
- January 17th : Antonio Palenzuela Velázquez , Spanish clergyman († 2003 )
- January 18 : Juan Orrego-Salas , Chilean composer and music teacher († 2019 )
- January 18 : Anton Turek , German soccer player († 1984 )
- January 19 : Ciccio Barbi , Italian actor († 1992 )
- January 19 : Gladys Yang , British translator († 1999 )
- January 20 : Wladimir Samoilowitsch Gall , Soviet cultural officer and university lecturer († 2011 )
- January 20 : Hans Lautenschlager , German politician († 2007 )
- January 21 : Eric Melrose Brown , British test pilot († 2016 )
- January 21 : Helmut Vidal , German geologist († 2002 )
- January 22nd : Sid Ramin , American orchestrator, arranger and composer († 2019 )
- January 22 : Victor Futter , American lawyer and professor († 2005 )
- January 23 : Hans Hass , Austrian biologist and ichthyologist († 2013 )
- January 23 : Bob Paisley , English football player and coach († 1996 )
- January 24th : Norbert Grabherr , Austrian state official († 1977 )
- January 24 : Leon Kirchner , American composer († 2009 )
- January 25 : Hugo Pimentel , Argentinian actor († 1984 )
- January 25 : Norman Newell , British music producer and songwriter († 2004 )
- January 26 : Hyun Seung-jong , South Korean politician († 2020 )
- January 26 : Pawel Makarov , Russian-Uruguayan football player († 1963 )
- January 26 : Valentino Mazzola , Italian football player († 1949 )
- January 26 : Bill Nicholson , British football player († 2004 )
- January 27 : Alfred Leo Abramowicz , American bishop († 1999 )
- January 27 : David Seville , American singer and songwriter († 1972 )
- January 28 : Vicente Asensi , Spanish football player and coach († 2000 )
- January 28 : Ingeborg von Kusserow , German actress († 2014 )
- January 28 : Hubert Negele , Liechtenstein ski racer († 1994 )
- January 29 : Konrad Hesse , German legal scholar, judge at the Federal Constitutional Court († 2005 )
- January 29 : NF Simpson , British playwright († 2011 )
- January 30 : John C. Elliott , American politician († 2001 )
- January 30 : Ernst Gutting , German Roman Catholic clergyman († 2013 )
- January 31 : Hans Katzer , German politician († 1996 )
- January 31 : Robert Smith , British historian († 2009 )
February
- February 1 : Andrea King , American actress († 2003 )
- February 1 : Eugen Stadelmann , Austrian teacher and local poet († 1998 )
- February 2 : Hans Ausserwinkler , Austrian politician († 1989 )
- February 2 : Lisa della Casa , Swiss opera and operetta singer († 2012 )
- February 2 : Georg Gawliczek , German football player and coach († 1999 )
- February 3 : Ursula Burg , German theater and film actress († 1996 )
- February 3 : Snooky Young , American jazz trumpeter († 2011 )
- February 4 : Krystyna Berwińska , Polish writer († 2016 )
- February 4 : Widukind Lenz , German human geneticist († 1995 )
- February 5 : Tim Holt , American film actor († 1973 )
- February 5 : Khurshed Alam Khan , Indian politician of the Indian National Congress (INC) († 2013 )
- February 5 : Robert R. Merhige Jr. , American lawyer and federal judge († 2005 )
- February 6 : Elfriede Abbe , American sculptor († 2012 )
- February 6 : Josef Stalder , Swiss gymnast († 1991 )
- February 7 : Jock Mahoney , American actor and stuntman († 1989 )
- February 7th : Ilse Pausin , Austrian figure skater († 1999 )
- February 8 : Leopold Neumer , German and Austrian soccer player († 1990 )
- February 9 : Irene Stegun , American mathematician († 2008 )
- February 9 : Alfred Zemanovský , Czech composer, choir director and music publisher († 1994 )
- February 10 : Eddie Johnson , American racing car driver († 1974 )
- February 11 : Gretchen Fraser , American ski racer († 1994 )
- February 12 : Russell Ackoff , American organizational theorist († 2009 )
- February 12 : Ernst-Joachim Gießmann , Minister for Higher and Technical Education of the GDR († 2004 )
- February 12 : Ferruccio Valcareggi , Italian football player and coach († 2005 )
- February 13 : Tennessee Ernie Ford , American country and gospel singer († 1991 )
- February 13 : Heinrich Kistner , German building contractor and politician († 1999 )
- February 14 : Thilo Vogelsang , German historian and university lecturer († 1978 )
- February 14 : Miroslav Zikmund , Czech world traveler, writer and photographer
- February 15 : Otto Blume , German social scientist and trade unionist († 1987 )
- February 15 : Stephen Kondaks , Canadian violist and music teacher († 2005 )
- February 16 : Isaak Moissejewitsch Milin , Ukrainian-Soviet scientist († 1992 )
- February 16 : Georges Ulmer , French singer († 1989 )
- February 17th : Kathleen Freeman , American actress († 2001 )
- February 17 : Joseph Hunt , American tennis player († 1945 )
- February 18 : Josef Fleckenstein , German historian († 2004 )
- February 18 : Amir Abbas Hoveyda , Iranian Prime Minister († 1979 )
- February 18 : Jack Palance , American actor († 2006 )
- February 18 : Cardinal José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez , Colombian Archbishop († 2019 )
- February 19 : Stephan Henrik Barratt-Due , Norwegian violinist and music teacher († 1985 )
- February 19 : Roman Leitner , Austrian auditor and tax advisor († 2012 )
- February 19 : Benton Seymour Rabinovitch , Canadian chemist († 2014 )
- February 20 : Jesco von Puttkamer , German politician and diplomat († 1987 )
- February 20 : Franz Schaaf , German entrepreneur and politician (CDU) († 1991 )
- February 21 : Hellmuth Himmel , Austrian Germanist and cabaret writer († 1983 )
- February 21 : Wiltrud Topić-Mersmann , Austrian art historian
- February 22 : Henri Arnoldus , Dutch author († 2002 )
- February 22 : Tahiyya Kariokka , Egyptian belly dancer and actress († 1999 )
- February 23 : Anna Maria Strackerjan , German sculptor († 1980 )
- February 24 : Betty Marsden , British actress († 1998 )
- February 24 : Max Strohmayer , German politician (Bavarian Party, later SPD) († 2014 )
- February 25 : Raymund Gamma , Swiss politician (FDP) († 1980 )
- February 25 : Karl H. Pribram , American neuroscientist († 2015 )
- February 26 : Mason Adams , American actor († 2005 )
- February 26 : Kuroda Saburō , Japanese poet († 1980 )
- February 26 : Hendrika Mastenbroek , Dutch swimmer († 2003 )
- February 27 : Denis Matthews , English pianist, music teacher and musicologist († 1988 )
- February 27 : Roman Haubenstock-Ramati , composer († 1994 )
- February 28 : Bruce B. Kendall , American politician († 2012 )
- February 28 : Hans Nogler , Austrian ski racer († 2011 )
- February 28 : Harry Pollard , American mathematician († 1985 )
March
- March 1 : Ludwig Volkholz , German politician († 1994 )
- March 2 : Tibor Flórián , Hungarian chess player, problem composer, author and functionary († 1990 )
- March 2 : Jennifer Jones , American actress († 2009 )
- March 3 : Loki Schmidt , wife of Helmut Schmidt († 2010 )
- March 4 : Doris Günther , German entrepreneur and patron († 2009 )
- March 4 : Juan Carlos Muñoz , Argentinian football player and coach († 2009 )
- March 7 : Jerachmi'el Assa , Israeli politician († 2011 )
- March 7 : Abdul Rahman Pazhwak , Afghan diplomat and President of the UN General Assembly († 1995 )
- March 7 : Juanita Kidd Stout , American judge († 1998 )
- March 8 : Patrick Vincent Ahern , American clergyman and auxiliary bishop († 2011 )
- March 8 : Mavor Moore , Canadian author, librettist, composer, music critic and teacher, director and producer († 2006 )
- March 9 : Lola Müthel , German actress († 2011 )
- March 10 : Bulldog Turner , American football player and coach († 1998 )
- March 11 : Joaquín Mendivel , Cuban pianist, arranger, composer, orchestra conductor and music teacher († 1997 )
- March 12 : Casandra Damirón , Dominican singer († 1983 )
- March 12 : Mike Stepovich , American politician († 2014 )
- March 14 : Johann-Otto Krieg , German naval officer († 1999 )
- March 15 : George Avakian , American music producer († 2017 )
- March 17 : Fedja Erik Allan Anzelewski , German art historian († 2010 )
- March 17 : Nat King Cole , American singer and jazz musician († 1965 )
- March 18 : Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe , British philosopher († 2001 )
- March 18 : Michèle Arnaud , French chanson singer († 1998 )
- March 18 : Christopher Challis , British cameraman († 2012 )
- March 19 : Peter Abrahams , South African writer († 2017 )
- March 19 : Patricia Laffan , British actress († 2014 )
- March 19 : Pierre Lelong , French racing car driver († 1996 )
- March 19 : José Alí Lebrún Moratinos , Archbishop of Caracas and Cardinal († 2001 )
- March 19 : Josef Stingl , German politician († 2004 )
- March 19 : Lennie Tristano , American jazz musician (pianist and composer) († 1978 )
- March 20 : Gerhard Barkhorn , German fighter pilot in World War II († 1983 )
- March 20 : Ernst Topitsch , Austrian philosopher and sociologist († 2003 )
- March 21 : Cecil Steffen , American composer and music teacher († 2009 )
- March 24 : Lawrence Ferlinghetti , American writer
- March 24th : Robert Heilbroner , American economist († 2005 )
- March 28 : Tatiana Ahlers-Hestermann , German textile, mosaic and glass artist († 2000 )
- March 28 : Dewey Follett Bartlett , American politician († 1979 )
- March 29 : Anne Ancelin Schützenberger , French psychotherapist and university lecturer († 2018 )
- March 29 : Eileen Heckart , American actress († 2001 )
- March 29 : Robert Lowry , American writer († 1994 )
- March 30th : Christian Aigrinner , German painter, draftsman and graphic artist († 1983 )
April
- April 1 : Stefi Ákos , Hungarian singer († 2005 )
- April 1 : Joseph Edward Murray , American physician and Nobel Prize winner († 2012 )
- April 2 : Delfo Cabrera , Argentine marathon runner († 1981 )
- April 3 : Reno Nonsens , German satirist and theater director († 2001 )
- April 4 : Josef von Ferenczy , German-Hungarian publisher († 2011 )
- April 6 : Richard M. Noyes , American chemist († 1997 )
- April 6 : Heinz Schimmelpfennig , German actor and director († 2010 )
- April 7th : Aldo Campatelli , Italian football player and coach († 1984 )
- April 7 : Helmut Haun , German politician († 1999 )
- April 7th : Edoardo Mangiarotti , Italian fencer († 2012 )
- April 8 : Ian Smith , Rhodesian politician, Prime Minister († 2007 )
- April 9 : John Presper Eckert , American computer pioneer († 1995 )
- April 10 : Richard Bergmann , Austrian table tennis player († 1970 )
- April 10 : John C. Houbolt , American aircraft engineer († 2014 )
- April 12 : Billy Vaughn , American band leader († 1991 )
- April 13 : Howard Keel , American actor and musical performer († 2004 )
- April 14 : Karel Berman , Czech composer and opera singer († 1995 )
- April 14 : Raúl Francisco Primatesta , Archbishop of Cordoba and Cardinal († 2006 )
- April 15 : Franjo Kuharić , Croatian clergyman and archbishop († 2002 )
- April 15 : Emyr Humphreys , Welsh writer († 2020 )
- April 16 : Liesel Christ , Frankfurt folk actress († 1996 )
- April 16 : Merce Cunningham , American dancer and choreographer († 2009 )
- April 17 : Françoise Perret , Swiss journalist and politician († 1986 )
- April 18 : John Taras , American choreographer and ballet master († 2004 )
- April 20th : Vera Auer , Austrian accordionist and vibraphonist († 1996 )
- April 20 : Heinrich Detmers , German SS-Obersturmbannführer († 1999 )
- April 21 : Don Cornell , American singer († 2004 )
- April 21 : Roger Doucet , Canadian singer († 1981 )
- April 21 : Licio Gelli , founder of the secret lodge Propaganda Due († 2015 )
- April 21 : Michael Mann , German musician and literary scholar, son of Thomas Mann († 1977 )
- April 23 : Tālivaldis Ķeniņš , Canadian composer and music teacher of Latvian origin († 2008 )
- April 23 : Yoshitarō Nomura , Japanese film director († 2005 )
- April 23 : Oleg Penkowski , Soviet double agent († 1963 )
- April 23 : Silja Walter , Swiss Benedictine nun and writer († 2011 )
- April 24 : Edgar Jarratt Applewhite , American writer († 2005 )
- April 24 : Richard Friederich Arens , American mathematician († 2000 )
- April 24th : Axel von dem Bussche , Army officer during the Second World War († 1993 )
- April 24 : Glafkos Klerides , Greek Cypriot politician († 2013 )
- April 24 : César Manrique , artist, architect, sculptor and environmentalist from Lanzarote († 1992 )
- April 24 : Wolfgang Panofsky , American particle physicist († 2007 )
- April 25 : Heinz Wunderlich , German organist and composer († 2012 )
- April 29 : Alla Rakha , Indian musician (tabla) († 2000 )
May
- May 1 : Mohammed Karim Lamrani , Prime Minister of Morocco († 2018 )
- May 1 : John Meredyth Lucas , American screenwriter, film director and film producer († 2002 )
- May 1 : Dan O'Herlihy , Irish actor († 2005 )
- May 3 : Illa Blaue , German painter († 2018 )
- May 3rd : Traute Lafrenz , German resistance fighter against National Socialism
- May 3 : John Cullen Murphy , American comic artist († 2004 )
- May 3 : Pete Seeger , American folk musician († 2014 )
- May 4 : Mary Ann McCall , American jazz singer († 1994 )
- May 5 : Gilles Andriamahazo , Malagasy general and president († 1989 )
- May 5 : Tony Canadeo , American football player († 2003 )
- May 5 : Georgios Papadopoulos , Greek officer and politician († 1999 )
- May 6 : André Guelfi , Moroccan racing car driver († 2016 )
- May 7th : Eva Perón , Argentine wife of the Argentine President Juan Perón († 1952 )
- May 7th : La Esterella , Flemish singer († 2011 )
- May 8 : Stanisław Andrzejewski , Polish sociologist († 2007 )
- May 8 : Lex Barker , American actor († 1973 )
- May 8 : Leon Festinger , American social psychologist († 1989 )
- May 8 : Soltan Hacibeyov , Azerbaijani composer († 1974 )
- May 10 : Daniel Bell , American sociologist († 2011 )
- May 10 : Peter Maag , Swiss conductor († 2001 )
- May 10 : Tibor Sárai , Hungarian composer († 1995 )
- May 11 : John Michael Hayes , American screenwriter († 2008 )
- May 12 : Gerald Bales , Canadian organist, pianist, composer, choir director and music teacher († 2002 )
- May 13 : Hanns Aderhold , German water diver († 1987 )
- May 15 : Eckhard Reith , German politician († 2011 )
- May 16 : Frank Callaway , New Zealand musician, music teacher and music administrator († 2003 )
- May 16 : Liberace , American entertainer († 1987 )
- May 16 : Albert Osswald , Prime Minister of Hesse († 1996 )
- May 17 : Antonio Aguilar , Mexican singer and actor († 2007 )
- May 18 : Wolfgang Behrendt , German television presenter and news anchor († 2001 )
- May 18 : Margot Fonteyn , British dancer († 1991 )
- May 19 : Georgie Auld , American jazz tenor saxophonist, clarinetist and band leader († 1990 )
- May 21 : Élina Labourdette , French actress († 2014 )
- May 22nd : Paul Vanden Boeynants , Belgian Prime Minister († 2001 )
- May 23 : Ruth Fernández , Puerto Rican singer († 2012 )
- May 24th : Gottfried Leonhardt , German graphic artist and illustrator († 2018 )
- May 25 : Raymond Smullyan , American mathematician and logician († 2017 )
- May 25 : Trude Lechle , Austrian actress and producer († 2014 )
- May 26 : Claus von Aderkas , German theologian († 2007 )
- May 26 : Alfons Dalma , Croatian-Austrian journalist († 1999 )
- May 26 : Rubén González , Cuban pianist († 2003 )
- May 30th : Rómulo Aguerre , Uruguayan photographer († 2002 )
- May 30 : Benno Hoffmann , German ballet master and actor († 2005 )
- May 31 : Vance Hartke , American politician († 2003 )
June
- June 3 : Hans Reiser , German actor († 1992 )
- June 4th : Camille Danguillaume , French cyclist († 1950 )
- June 5 : Heinz Giese , German voice actor and actor († 2010 )
- June 6 : Rudolf am Bach , Swiss pianist and music teacher († 2004 )
- June 6 : Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington , British politician († 2018 )
- June 7 : Yohanan Aharoni , German-Israeli archaeologist († 1976 )
- June 8 : Erwin Lehn , German orchestra leader († 2010 )
- June 8 : Grete Wurm , German actress († 2002 )
- June 9 : Isaak Boleslawski , Soviet chess player († 1977 )
- June 9 : Ruth Epting , German-speaking Protestant clergyman and women activist († 2016 )
- June 9th : Gerd Oswald , German film director, film producer, actor and screenwriter († 1989 )
- June 10 : Haidar Abdel-Shafi , Palestinian doctor and politician († 2007 )
- June 11 : Richard Todd , British actor († 2009 )
- June 11 : Horst Schubert , German mathematician († 2001 )
- June 12 : Uta Hagen , German-American stage actress († 2004 )
- June 14 : Richard Aspöck jun. , Austrian gardener assistant († 1941 )
- June 14 : Arnold Huebner , German soldier and knight's cross bearer († 1981 )
- June 15 : Phaolo-Giuse Cardinal Pham Dinh Tung , Archbishop of Hanoi († 2009 )
- June 16 : Franz Xaver Ertl , German Roman Catholic prelate and theologian († 2016 )
- June 16 : Anna Wimschneider , German farmer and writer († 1993 )
- June 19 : Pauline Kael , American film critic († 2001 )
- June 19 : Mario Revollo Bravo , Archbishop of Bogotá and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1995 )
- June 19 : Anneliese Rothenberger , German opera and operetta singer († 2010 )
- June 20 : CW Adams , American western swing musician and rancher († 1987 )
- June 21 : Ada Anna Arena , Italian actress († 1974 )
- June 21 : Tsilla Chelton , French actress († 2012 )
- June 21 : Paolo Soleri , Italian architect († 2013 )
- June 22nd : Henri Tajfel , British social psychologist († 1982 )
- June 23 : Muhammad Boudiaf , Algerian politician and president († 1992 )
- June 23 : Hermann Gmeiner , founder of SOS Children's Villages († 1986 )
- June 23 : Gerda Gmelin , German actress († 2003 )
- June 24 : Al Molinaro , American actor († 2015 )
- June 24 : Eugen Oker , German writer and games critic († 2006 )
- June 26th : Donald Martin Ashton , British architect, film architect and set designer († 2004 )
- June 26 : Hans Lamprecht , Swiss-German forest scientist († 2012 )
- June 29 : Juan Blanco , Cuban composer († 2008 )
- June 29 : Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada , Roman Catholic Archbishop and Cardinal († 2008 )
- June 29th : Slim Pickens , American film actor († 1983 )
- June 29 : Happy Wilson , American country musician († 1977 )
- June 30th : Charles Smith , American percussionist († 2008 )
July
- July 1 : Hans Bender , German writer and editor († 2015 )
- July 1 : Thomas S. Kleppe , American politician († 2007 )
- July 2nd : Albert Batteux , French soccer coach and soccer player († 2003 )
- July 2 : Jean Craighead George , American writer († 2012 )
- July 2 : Willy Daetwyler , Swiss racing driver and entrepreneur († 2001 )
- July 5 : Jean Andreff , Swiss circus clown († 1976 )
- July 6 : Otto Johannes Bähr , German painter († 2008 )
- July 6 : Oswaldo Guayasamín , Ecuadorian painter and sculptor († 1999 )
- July 7th : Fritz Wehrmann , German sailor and Nazi victim († 1945 )
- July 8 : Walter Scheel , German politician and Federal President (1974–1979) († 2016 )
- July 9 : Earle Hagen , American film composer († 2008 )
- July 9 : Max Nathan , German automobile racing driver († 1960 )
- July 13 : David Nillo , American dancer, choreographer and arranger († 2005 )
- July 13 : William F. Quinn , Governor of Hawaii († 2006 )
- July 15 : Iris Murdoch , Anglo-Irish writer and philosopher († 1999 )
- July 16 : Hermine Braunsteiner-Ryan , guard in the Ravensbrück and Majdanek concentration camps († 1999 )
- July 16 : Choi Kyu-ha , South Korean Prime Minister and President († 2006 )
- July 16 : Edith Schneider , German actress and voice actress († 2012 )
- July 17 : Erich Peter , German Colonel General, head of the border troops († 1987 )
- July 18 : Josef Müller , German politician († 1997 )
- July 19 : Enrico Assi , Italian bishop († 1992 )
- July 19 : Patricia Medina , English actress († 2012 )
- July 19 : Robert Pinget , Swiss writer († 1997 )
- July 19 : Miltos Sachtouris , Greek poet († 2005 )
- July 20 : Edmund Hillary , New Zealand mountaineer, expedition leader († 2008 )
- July 20 : Helmut Meyer-Abich , German naval officer and geologist († 2008 )
- July 21 : Wendell Mayes , American screenwriter († 1992 )
- July 24th : Ferdy Kübler , Swiss cyclist († 2016 )
- July 26 : Angelo Felici , Italian cardinal († 2007 )
- July 26 : James Lovelock , British chemist, medic, biophysicist and inventor
- July 26 : Elinborg Lützen , Faroese graphic artist († 1995 )
- July 27 : Ricardo César Andreu , Argentine actor, comedian and author († 2012 )
- July 27 : Jack Goody , British cultural scientist († 2015 )
- July 27 : Jonathan Sternberg , American conductor and music teacher († 2018 )
- July 31 : Primo Levi , Italian writer and chemist († 1987 )
- July 31 : Robert M. Morgenthau , American attorney († 2019 )
August
- August 2 : Nehemiah Persoff , American film and stage actor
- August 3 : Jean Estager , French racing car driver († 2002 )
- August 4th : Emmy Lopes Dias , Dutch actress († 2005 )
- August 5 : Ferenc Fülep , Hungarian archaeologist and museum director († 1986 )
- August 6 : Pauline Betz , American tennis player († 2011 )
- August 8 : Dino De Laurentiis , Italian film producer († 2010 )
- August 8 : Mary Martlew , British-Swiss actress († 1989 )
- August 8 : Hau Pei-tsun , Chinese politician († 2020 )
- August 9 : Edmund Hockridge , Canadian singer († 2009 )
- August 9 : Ralph Houk , American baseball manager († 2010 )
- August 9 : Joop den Uyl , Dutch politician († 1987 )
- August 11 : Ginette Neveu , French violinist († 1949 )
- August 12 : Erwin Amend , German composer and concert master († 1997 )
- August 12 : Margaret Burbidge , American astrophysicist († 2020 )
- August 12 : Clark Templeman , American racing driver († 1962 )
- August 13 : George Shearing , English jazz pianist († 2011 )
- August 14 : Ingrid Leodolter , Austrian politician and Minister of Health (1971–1979) († 1986 )
- August 15 : Ota Janeček , Czech illustrator, painter, graphic artist († 1996 )
- August 15 : Maria Mucke , German singer († 2018 )
- August 18 : Walter Hickel , American politician († 2010 )
- August 18 : Hans Winkler , German painter († 2000 )
- August 19 : Qin Mu , Chinese writer († 1992 )
- August 19 : Alfred Schrick , German writer († 2007 )
- August 20 : Walter Bernstein , American screenwriter
- August 20 : Thomas G. Morris , American politician († 2016 )
- August 21 : Tommy Reilly , Canadian musician († 2000 )
- August 22 : Alan Cathcart, 6th Earl Cathcart († 1999 )
- August 22 : Larry Winn , American politician († 2017 )
- August 23 : Dries van der Lof , Dutch racing driver († 1990 )
- August 24 : Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy , Ecuadorian lawyer and politician († 2004 )
- August 24 : Niels Viggo Bentzon , Danish composer and pianist († 2000 )
- August 24 : Egon Hartmann , German architect and urban planner († 2009 )
- August 24 : Benny Moré , Cuban singer († 1963 )
- August 24 : Paul Steg , American composer and music teacher († 1995 )
- August 24 : Herbert Tröndle , German legal scholar († 2017 )
- August 25 : Werner Gerich , German engineer († 2003 )
- August 25 : George Wallace , Governor of Alabama († 1998 )
- August 26 : Frances Wayne , American jazz singer († 1978 )
- August 27 : Josef Landlinger , Austrian politician († 1996 )
- August 28 : Godfrey Hounsfield , English electrical engineer († 2004 )
- August 28 : Adolf Storms , German member of the Waffen SS and war criminal († 2010 )
- August 29 : Armando T. Hunziker , Argentine botanist († 2001 )
- August 29 : János Rácz , Hungarian mathematician, teacher, author († 2005 )
- August 29 : Herbert Wahrendorf , German educator, athlete and sports official († 1993 )
- August 30 : Jiří Orten , Czech poet († 1941 )
- August 30 : Wolfgang Wagner , German opera director and festival director († 2010 )
- August 30 : Kitty Wells , American country singer († 2012 )
- August 31 : Amrita Pritam , Indian poet and writer († 2005 )
September
- September 1 : Walter Kaaden , German engineer († 1996 )
- September 2 : Anne-Marie Blanc , Swiss actress († 2009 )
- September 2 : Marge Champion , American dancer and actress († 2020 )
- September 2 : Lance Macklin , English racing driver († 2002 )
- September 2 : Karl-Ernst Maedel , German non-fiction author († 2004 )
- September 4 : Sante Geminiani , Italian motorcycle racer († 1951 )
- September 4 : Howard Morris , American comedian († 2005 )
- September 5 : Albert Häberling , Swiss composer and conductor († 2012 )
- September 5 : Romeo Menti , Italian football player († 1949 )
- September 5 : Rudolph Syringus Habsburg , Austrian emperor's son († 2010 )
- September 5 : Fyodor Sakharovich Sakharov , Russian-Ukrainian painter († 1997 )
- September 5 : Hans E. Schons , German actor († 2005 )
- September 5 : Héctor Zeoli , Argentine organist, composer and music teacher († 1993 )
- September 6th : Trudi Gerster , Swiss storyteller, actress and politician († 2013 )
- September 7 : Michael Guttenbrunner , Austrian poet and writer († 2004 )
- September 7th : Andreas Maurer , Austrian politician († 2010 )
- September 7 : Charles W. Robinson , American business manager and entrepreneur († 2014 )
- September 7th : Albéric Schotte , Belgian cyclist († 2004 )
- September 8 : Wolf C. Hartwig , German film producer († 2017 )
- September 8 : Maria Lassnig , Austrian painter and media artist († 2014 )
- September 9 : Maurice Dela , Canadian composer and organist († 1978 )
- September 9 : Gottfried Dienst , Swiss football referee († 1998 )
- September 9 : Don Gais , American jazz pianist († 1996 )
- September 11th : Ota Šik , Czech-Swiss economist and painter († 2004 )
- September 13 : Olle Anderberg , Swedish wrestler († 2003 )
- September 13 : George Weidenfeld , British journalist, publisher and diplomat († 2016 )
- September 14 : Irma Emmrich , German art historian († 2018 )
- September 15 : Fausto Coppi , Italian cyclist († 1960 )
- September 16 : Sven-Erik Bäck , Swedish composer († 1994 )
- September 17th : Helmuth Ashley , Austrian director, cameraman and screenwriter
- September 17 : Horst Krüger , German writer († 1999 )
- September 18 : Edward Bury , Polish composer, conductor, pianist and music teacher († 1995 )
- September 18 : Marga Petersen , German athlete and Olympic participant († 2002 )
- September 19 : Juan Barjola , Spanish painter († 2004 )
- September 21 : Mario Bunge , Argentine philosopher and physicist († 2020 )
- September 22nd : Franz Peter Wirth , German director († 1999 )
- September 23 : Heinz Kreutzmann , German politician († 2005 )
- September 23 : Bogdan Paprocki , Polish singer († 2010 )
- September 23 : Kaneko Tōta , Japanese poet († 2018 )
- September 24 : Jack Costanzo , American percussionist († 2018 )
- September 24 : Václav Nelhýbel , American composer and professor († 1996 )
- September 26 : Matilde Camus , Spanish poet and writer († 2012 )
- September 26 : Ezio Loik , Italian football player († 1949 )
- September 27 : Jayne Meadows , American actress († 2015 )
- September 27 : James Hardy Wilkinson , British mathematician († 1986 )
- September 28 : Helmut Pigge , philosopher, dramaturge and director († 2000 )
- September 29 : Margot Hielscher , German singer and film actress († 2017 )
- September 30 : Roberto Bonomi , Argentine racing car driver († 1992 )
- September 30th : Cecil Green , American racing driver († 1951 )
October
- October 1 : Hans Schiefele , German journalist and sports official († 2005 )
- October 2 : Hans Günther Aach , German botanist († 1999 )
- October 2 : John Duarte , English composer, guitarist, music teacher and critic († 2004 )
- October 2 : Jan Flinterman , Dutch racing driver († 1992 )
- October 2 : Alfred Mallwitz , German building researcher and architect and archaeologist († 1986 )
- October 3 : James M. Buchanan , American economist and Nobel Prize winner († 2013 )
- October 3 : Robert James Dvorak , American composer, music teacher and horn player († 2020 )
- October 3 : Jean Lefebvre , French actor († 2004 )
- October 3 : Kazimierz Piechowski , Polish engineer and concentration camp prisoner († 2017 )
- October 5 : Harold Bell , American merchandising agent († 2009 )
- October 5 : Vojtech Zamarovský , Slovak historian, writer and translator († 2006 )
- October 6 : Sawaki Kin'ichi , Japanese writer († 2001 )
- October 7 : Zelman Cowen , Australian lawyer, politician and Governor General († 2011 )
- October 7 : Annemarie Renger , German politician, President of the Bundestag from 1972 to 1976 († 2008 )
- October 7th : Fred Sagner , German politician (CDU) and soldier († 2009 )
- October 7 : Augustine Eugene Hornyak , Serbian Bishop and Exarch of Great Britain († 2003 )
- October 8 : Jack McGrath , American racing driver († 1955 )
- October 10 : Roland Lebrun , Canadian singer-songwriter (Le Soldat Lebrun) († 1980 )
- October 11 : Art Blakey , American drummer († 1990 )
- October 11 : Kader Firoud , French football player and coach († 2005 )
- October 12 : André Casanova , French composer († 2009 )
- October 12 : Gerhard Kienbaum , German politician († 1998 )
- October 13 : Hans Hermann Groër , Roman Catholic Bishop, Cardinal († 2003 )
- October 14 : Armin Dahlen , Austrian actor and director († 2013 )
- October 15 : Bernhard Hoffmann , German politician († 2017 )
- October 15 : Chuck Stevenson , American racing driver († 1995 )
- October 17 : Claus Arnold , German draftsman, caricaturist and painter († 2014 )
- October 17th : Irmgard Arnold , German opera singer († 2014 )
- October 17 : Isaak Markowitsch Chalatnikow , Russian physicist
- October 17 : Zhao Ziyang , politician of the People's Republic of China († 2005 )
- October 18 : James Winter , American horn player and professor († 2006 )
- October 18 : Anita O'Day , American jazz singer († 2006 )
- October 18 : Pierre Trudeau , Canadian politician (Prime Minister) († 2000 )
- October 20 : Ksente Bogoev , Yugoslav or Macedonian economist and politician († 2008 )
- October 20 : Hans Patze , German historian and archivist († 1995 )
- October 22 : Walter Bauer , German local politician († 2011 )
- October 22 : Morris Janowitz , American sociologist and political scientist († 1988 )
- October 22 : Doris Lessing , British writer († 2013 )
- October 23 : Manolis Andronikos , Greek archaeologist († 1992 )
- October 23 : Rodrigo Arenas Betancur , Colombian writer and sculptor († 1995 )
- October 23 : Theodor Hellbrügge , German pediatrician († 2014 )
- October 24 : Joseph Khoury , Lebanese Archbishop († 1992 )
- October 25 : Norman Erbe , American politician († 2000 )
- October 25 : Bruno Heinrich Schubert , German entrepreneur, consul and patron († 2010 )
- October 25 : Beate Uhse , German pilot and founder of the sex shop of the same name († 2001 )
- October 26 : John A. Gronouski , American politician († 1996 )
- October 26 : Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Shah of Persia († 1980 )
- October 27 : Willi Arlt , German football player († 1947 )
- October 27 : Tim M. Babcock , American politician († 2015 )
- October 27 : Douglas Heyes , American screenwriter and director († 1993 )
- October 27 : Michel Schwalbé , Polish violinist († 2012 )
- October 28 : Johannes Braun , German Bishop of the Apostolic Administration Magdeburg († 2004 )
- October 28 : Walt Hansgen , American racing driver († 1966 )
- October 28 : Bernhard Wicki , Austrian actor and film director († 2000 )
- October 29 : Alexandre Hay , Swiss lawyer († 1991 )
- October 30 : Otto Heinrich Treumann , German-Dutch graphic artist († 2001 )
- October 31 : Magnus Wenninger , American Benedictine monk and mathematician († 2017 )
November
- November 1 : Jerzy Karol Ablewicz , Polish bishop († 1990 )
- November 1 : Hermann Bondi , British mathematician and cosmologist († 2005 )
- November 2 : Roman Bannwart , Swiss theologian, priest and musician († 2010 )
- November 3 : Joachim Seyppel , German writer and literary scholar († 2012 )
- November 4 : Martin Balsam , American actor († 1996 )
- November 4th : Eric Thompson , British racing car driver († 2015 )
- November 5 : Félix Gaillard , French Prime Minister († 1970 )
- November 5th : Horst Wende , German orchestra conductor, arranger and accordionist († 1996 )
- November 6th : Julius Aßfalg , German orientalist († 2001 )
- November 6th : Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen , Portuguese writer († 2004 )
- November 6th : Emil Bücherl , German scientist and heart surgeon († 2001 )
- November 6 : Christoph Probst , member of the White Rose († 1943 )
- November 7th : Helmuth Hoffmann , German table tennis player († 2010 )
- November 8 : Philip J. Klass , American electrical engineer and journalist († 2005 )
- November 8th : Anni Kroll , German author and local poet († 2015 )
- November 9 : Werner Eberlein , German communist and Politburo member († 2002 )
- November 9th : Johann Herberger , German soccer player († 2002 )
- November 10 : Rudi Adams , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 2013 )
- November 10 : Abderrahman Ibrir , Algerian-French football player († 1990 )
- November 10th : Mikhail Kalashnikov , Soviet weapons designer († 2013 )
- November 10 : Kurt Schmücker , German politician († 1996 )
- November 10 : Willi-Peter Sick , German politician and Member of the Bundestag († 2006 )
- November 11th : Wolfgang Döring , German politician († 1963 )
- November 13 : Katharina Adler , German journalist and publicist († 2010 )
- November 13 : Mary Beth Hughes , American actress († 1995 )
- November 14 : Günther Eckerland , German politician († 1998 )
- November 14 : Anneliese Fleyenschmidt , German TV presenter and announcer († 2007 )
- November 14 : Stephan Koren , Austrian politician († 1988 )
- November 14 : Ludwig Mecklinger , Minister of Health of the GDR († 1994 )
- November 14 : Lisa Otto , German opera soprano († 2013 )
- November 15 : Heinz Bethge , German physicist († 2001 )
- November 15 : Paul Moore , American Anglican Bishop († 2003 )
- November 15 : Nova Pilbeam , British actress († 2015 )
- November 16 : Anatoly Fjodorowitsch Dobrynin , Russian diplomat († 2010 )
- November 16 : Gemini Ganesan , Indian actor († 2005 )
- November 17 : Kurt Baldinger , Swiss Romance Studies, Linguist and Medievalist († 2007 )
- November 19 : Hubert Patthey , Swiss racing driver and entrepreneur († 2009 )
- November 19 : Alan Young , British actor († 2016 )
- November 19 : Traudl Well , German folk musician († 2015 )
- November 20 : Alan Brown , Formula 1 racing driver († 2004 )
- November 20 : Henryk Tomaschewski , Polish actor and pantomime († 2001 )
- November 22 : Kiko Mendive , Cuban actor, choreographer, dancer and singer († 2000 )
- November 23 : Jacques Ary , French boxer, wrestler, wrestler, saxophonist, orchestra leader, screenwriter and actor († 1974 )
- November 23 : Cláudio Santoro , Brazilian composer († 1989 )
- November 23 : Jupp Schlaf , German table tennis official and player († 1989 )
- November 23 : Fritz Straßner , German actor († 1993 )
- November 24 : David Kossoff , English actor († 2005 )
- November 25 : Norman Tokar , American film director and actor († 1979 )
- November 26 : Ernest Alvin Archia Jr. , American tenor saxophonist († 1977 )
- November 26 : Ryszard Kaczorowski , President of Poland in exile († 2010 )
- November 26 : Frederik Pohl , American science fiction writer († 2013 )
- November 26 : Vera Salvequart , member of the staff in the Ravensbrück concentration camp († 1947 )
- November 26th : Marie Schlei , German politician († 1983 )
- November 27 : Siegfried Naumann , Swedish composer and professor († 2001 )
- November 27 : Kimu Tarusu , Japanese writer († 1997 )
- November 28 : José María Pinilla Fábrega , 34th President of Panama († 1979 )
- November 29 : Adolf Brockhoff , German Catholic priest († 1997 )
- November 29 : Joe Weider , Canadian-American pioneer of strength sports († 2013 )
- November 30th : Detlef Kraus , German pianist († 2008 )
December
- December 1 : Anne Cox Chambers , US Ambassador († 2020 )
- December 1 : Karl Ziegler , German cycling trainer († 2019 )
- December 3 : Hans Bunge , German dramaturge, director and author († 1990 )
- December 3 : Helmut Wunderlich , Minister for General Mechanical Engineering of the GDR († 1994 )
- December 4 : Ingeborg Finke-Siegmund , German pianist and piano teacher († 2012 )
- December 4th : Indian Kumar Gujral , Indian Prime Minister († 2012 )
- December 4 : Heinz Bung Bottle , German soccer player († 1972 )
- December 5 : Hans Kuhn , Swiss physical chemist († 2012 )
- December 5 : Artur Pipan , Austrian general († 2009 )
- December 5 : Hennes Weisweiler , German soccer coach († 1983 )
- December 6 : Gideon Klein , Czech composer († 1945 )
- December 7th : Ed Ulinski , American football player and coach († 2006 )
- December 8 : Mieczysław Weinberg , Russian composer of Polish descent († 1996 )
- December 9 : Johnny Albino , Puerto Rican bolero singer († 2011 )
- December 9 : William Lipscomb , American chemist and Nobel Prize winner († 2011 )
- December 9th : Marianne Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn , Austrian photographer
- December 10 : Vicentico Valdés , Cuban singer († 1996 )
- December 10 : Alexander Courage , American film composer († 2008 )
- December 11 : Abd al-Hakim Amer , Egyptian general of the United Arab Republic († 1967 )
- December 11th : Jockel Fuchs , German politician and Lord Mayor of Mainz († 2002 )
- December 12 : Paavo Johannes Aaltonen , Finnish athlete († 1962 )
- December 12 : Giancarlo De Carlo , Italian architect († 2005 )
- December 12th : Fritz Muliar , Austrian actor and director († 2009 )
- December 12 : Hermann Neuberger , President of the German Football Association († 1992 )
- December 13 : Hans-Joachim Marseille , German fighter pilot, captain in World War II († 1942 )
- December 14 : Bob Drake , American racing driver († 1990 )
- December 14th : Agnes Fink , German-Swiss actress († 1994 )
- December 14 : Alfred Fischer , judge at the Federal Administrative Court († 2004 )
- December 15 : Gustav Niermann , German politician († 1989 )
- December 17 : Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík , Czech theologian († 2010 )
- December 19 : Gerhard Flämig , German politician († 2011 )
- December 19 : Edda Seippel , German actress († 1993 )
- December 20 : Nicolás Urcelay , Mexican singer († 1959 )
- December 21 : Ivan Blatný , Czech poet and writer († 1990 )
- December 21 : Ove Sprogøe , Danish actor († 2004 )
- December 22nd : Lil Green , American blues singer († 1954 )
- December 22nd : Gerd Pfeiffer , President of the Federal Court of Justice 1977 to 1987 († 2007 )
- December 22nd : Ernst Strachwitz , Austrian politician († 1998 )
- December 22 : Irina Vyacheslavovna Rakobolskaja , Russian major and chief of staff († 2016 )
- December 23 : Ludwig Poullain , President of the German Savings Banks and Giro Association (DSGV) († 2015 )
- December 23 : Hugo Romani , Argentine singer († 2016 )
- December 24th : Werner Arend , German politician († 2006 )
- December 24th : Pierre Soulages , French painter and printmaker
- December 27 : Charles Sweeney , American Air Force general († 2004 )
- December 28 : Inocente Carreño , Venezuelan composer († 2016 )
- December 29 : Erik Sparre Andersen , Danish mathematician († 2003 )
- December 30th : Anton Amberger , German biologist († 2011 )
- December 30th : David Willcocks , British choir director and composer († 2015 )
- December 31 : Karlhans Paul Abel , German classical philologist († 1998 )
- December 31 : Artur Fischer , German inventor († 2016 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Amala , Indian wolf child († 1921 )
- Mordechaj Anielewicz , Polish resistance fighter († 1943 )
- Jean-Jacques Archambault , Canadian electrical technician and engineer († 2001 )
- Adamantios Androutsopoulos , Greek politician († 2000 )
- Charlotte Asendorf , German actress († 2007 )
- Carl Fredrick Becker , American violin maker and restorer († 2013 )
- Sirr al-Chatim al-Chalifa al-Hasan , Sudanese Prime Minister and President († 2006 )
- Peter Bolton , British racing car driver († 2008 )
- Lelo Cremonesi , Italian designer
- Florian Vischer , Swiss architect († 2000 )
Died
January February
- January 1 : Hugo Blümner , German classical philologist and archaeologist (* 1844 )
- January 4th : Georg von Hertling , German Chancellor (* 1843 )
- January 5 : Matsui Sumako , Japanese actress (* 1886 )
- January 6 : Theodore Roosevelt , President of the United States (* 1858 )
- January 6th : Walther Paucker , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant martyr (* 1878 )
- January 8 : Peter Altenberg , Austrian writer (* 1859 )
- January 13 : Hans Bielenstein , German-Baltic pastor and writer, Protestant martyr (* 1863 )
- January 14 : Platon Kulbusch , Russian Orthodox Bishop of Riga and martyr (* 1869 )
- January 14 : Michael Bleive , Russian Orthodox priest and martyr (* 1873 )
- January 14 : Nikolai Bezhanitsky , Russian Orthodox priest and martyr (* 1859 )
- January 14 : Carlos Manuel García Vila , Dominican violinist and music teacher (* 1893 )
- January 14th : Traugott Hahn , German-Baltic theologian and pastor, Protestant martyr (* 1875 )
- January 14th : Moritz Wilhelm Paul Schwartz , German-Baltic pastor, Protestant martyr (* 1864 )
- January 15 : Rosa Luxemburg , German politician, founder of the KPD (* 1871 )
- January 15 : Karl Liebknecht , German politician (* 1871 )
- January 16 : William Henry Andrews , American politician (* 1846 )
- January 16 : Alexander Bernewitz , German-Baltic provost and Protestant martyr (* 1856 )
- January 16 : Jaroslav Jeremiáš , Czech composer (* 1889 )
- January 18 : Prince John , youngest son of George V. (* 1905 )
- January 20 : Josef Hötte , German fur trader and patron (* 1838 )
- January 20 : Karl Moltrecht , German-Baltic provost and Protestant martyr (* 1860 )
- January 21 : Ahmed Muhtar Pascha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (* 1839 )
- January 21 : Alexis , Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt (* 1845 )
- January 21 : Gojong , King of Korea (* 1852 )
- January 22nd : Traugott Hermann von Arnim-Muskau , German diplomat and member of parliament (* 1839 )
- January 22nd : Oskar Ludwig Auster , Saxon royal building officer (* 1853 )
- January 22nd : Josesito García Vila , Dominican pianist and composer (* 1888 )
- January 22nd : Carl Larsson , artist (* 1853 )
- January 24th : Ismail Qemali , Albanian politician and publicist (* 1844 )
- January 27 : Endre Ady de Diósad , Hungarian poet (* 1877 )
- January 28 : Ernst Adam , German writer (* 1879 )
- January 28 : Franz Mehring , publicist and politician (* 1846 )
- January 30th : Xaver Marnitz , German-Baltic provost and Protestant martyr (* 1855 )
- January 31 : Paul Lindau , German writer, playwright and theater director (* 1839 )
- February 2 : Xavier Leroux , French composer (* 1863 )
* 3. Februar: Marie Therese von Österreich-Este, letzte bayerische Königin (* 1849)
- February 3 : Niwa Jun'ichirō , Japanese translator and writer (* 1852 )
- February 6 : Enrico Golisciani , Italian librettist (* 1848 )
- February 7th : Károly Senyei , Hungarian sculptor (* 1854 )
- February 7 or 8 : Wilhelm Grüner , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant martyr (* 1891 )
- February 8 : Meier Appel , German rabbi (* 1851 )
- February 9 : Ludwig Geiger , German-Jewish literary and art historian (* 1848 )
- February 14 : Wiktor Gomulicki , Polish writer (* 1848 )
- February 16 : John Joseph Adams , American lawyer and politician (* 1848 )
- February 16 : Heinrich Bosse , German-Baltic clergyman and Protestant martyr (* 1871 )
- February 17 : Wilfrid Laurier , Prime Minister of Canada (* 1841 )
- February 18 : Max von Krosigk , Prussian major general (* 1846 )
- February 20 : Habibullah Khan , Emir of Afghanistan (* 1872 )
- February 21 : Kurt Eisner , German politician and writer (* 1867 )
- February 21 : Elfriede Heisler , German actress (* 1885 )
- February 27 : George F. Edmunds , American politician (* 1828 )
- February 28 : Daniel Russell Brown , American politician (* 1848 )
March April
- March 2 : Melchora Aquino , Filipino revolutionary (* 1812 )
- March 2 : William Mellody , American boxing world champion (* 1884 )
- March 5 : Ernest von Koerber , Austrian politician of the Danube Monarchy (* 1850 )
- March 6 : Hilary A. Herbert , American politician (* 1834 )
- March 8 : Hans Aronson , German pediatrician and bacteriologist (* 1865 )
- March 8 : Auguste Tolbecque , French cellist, conductor, composer, instrument maker and music teacher (* 1830 )
- March 11th : Harald Fryklöf , Swedish organist, music teacher and composer (* 1882 )
- March 13 : Amy Woodforde-Finde , English composer (* 1860 )
- March 14 : Eugen Berg , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical martyr (* 1855 )
- March 14 : Theodor Scheinpflug , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical martyr (* 1862 )
- March 14 : Arnold von Rutkowski , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical martyr (* 1865 )
- March 16 : Paul Fromhold-Treu , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical martyr (* 1854 )
- March 17 : Kenyon Cox , American painter and writer (* 1856 )
- March 18 : Marie Schlieps , German-Baltic deaconess and martyr (* 1881 )
- March 19 : Christoph Strautmann , Latvian pastor and martyr (* 1860 )
- March 19 : Franklin Taylor , English pianist and music teacher (* 1843 )
- March 20 : Paul Wachtsmuth , German-Baltic pastor and martyr (* 1879 )
- March 21 : Otto Schrader , German Indo-Europeanist (* 1855 )
- March 22nd : Konstantin Konstantinowitsch Arsenjew , Russian journalist, literary scholar and encyclopaedist (* 1837 )
- March 25 : Wilhelm Lehmbruck , German sculptor (* 1881 )
- March 26 : Karl Schlau , Livonian pastor and martyr (* 1851 )
- March 26 : Edgar Haßmann , Latvian pastor and martyr (* 1884 )
- April 4 : Sir William Crookes , British chemist and physicist (* 1832 )
- April 6 : Johann Knief , German teacher, editor and politician (* 1880 )
- April 6 : Richard Cornelius Kukula , Austrian classical philologist (* 1862 )
- April 8 : Loránd Eötvös , Hungarian mathematician, developed a rotary balance (* 1848 )
- April 9th : Emil Schallopp , German chess master (* 1843 )
- April 10 : Emiliano Zapata , Mexican revolutionary leader, murdered (* 1879 )
- April 14 : Auguste-Réal Angers , Canadian politician and judge (* 1857 )
- April 14 : Phoebe Hearst , American philanthropist, promoter of women's education (* 1842 )
- April 19 : Joseph Gagnier , Canadian clarinetist (* 1854 )
- April 20 : Richard Wilson Austin , American politician (* 1857 )
- April 24th : Camille Erlanger , French composer (* 1863 )
May June
- May 2 : Felix von Arnim , Prussian officer and chamberlain (* 1862 )
- May 2 : Ernst Camerer , German lawyer and association official (* 1836 )
- May 2 : Gustav Landauer , theorist and activist of German anarchism (* 1870 )
- May 2 : Max Brückner , German theater painter (* 1836 )
- May 4th : Richard Alexander Georg Wühner , Estonian pastor and Protestant martyr (* 1872 )
- May 6 : Lyman Frank Baum , American writer (* 1856 )
- May 8 : Philipp Wolfrum , German composer and organist (* 1854 )
- May 10 : Bruno Sauer , German archaeologist (* 1861 )
- May 14 : William Hepburn Armstrong , American politician (* 1824 )
- May 14 : Henry John Heinz , American entrepreneur (* 1844 )
- May 16 : Arthur Walter , German-Baltic confessor (* 1860 )
- May 17th : Guido von List , Austrian occult author and founder of Ariosophy (* 1848 )
- May 20 : Armand Léon von Ardenne , Prussian lieutenant general and military historian (* 1848 )
- May 22nd : Eugen Scheuermann , German-Baltic martyr (* 1856 )
- May 22nd : Ernst Fromhold-Treu , German-Baltic martyr (* 1861 )
- May 22nd : Eberhard Savary , German-Baltic martyr (* 1863 )
- May 22 : Theodor Taube , German-Baltic martyr (* 1864 )
- May 22 : Theodor Hoffmann , German-Baltic martyr (* 1865 )
- May 22nd : August Eckhardt , German-Baltic martyr (* 1868 )
- May 22nd : Hermann Bergengruen , German-Baltic martyr (* 1872 )
- May 22 : Erhard Doebler , German-Baltic martyr (* 1882 )
- May 22 : Marion von Klot , German-Baltic martyr (* 1897 )
- May 24th : Amado Nervo , Mexican writer, journalist and diplomat (* 1870 )
- May 26 : Wilhelm Kaspar , Latvian clergyman and evangelical confessor (* 1853 )
- May 27th : Eduard Paul Benedict Frese , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical confessor (* 1872 )
- May 28 : Friedrich Merkel , German physician (* 1845 )
- May 29 : Konstantin Uhder , Latvian clergyman and evangelical martyr (* 1870 )
- May 30 : Gustav Cleemann , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical confessor (* 1858 )
- May 30 : Roberto Chery , Uruguayan football goalkeeper (* 1896 )
- June 1 : Hedwig Dohm , German women's rights activist and writer (* 1831 )
- June 5 : Eugen Leviné , communist of the Munich Soviet Republic (* 1883 )
- June 6 : Bruno von Schuckmann , German politician and governor of German South West Africa (* 1857 )
- June 9 : Marie Helene Aarestrup , Norwegian genre, portrait and animal painter (* 1826 )
- June 10 : Peter Rosenberg , Latvian pastor and evangelical confessor (* 1871 )
- June 14 : Ernest Lister , American politician (* 1870 )
- June 25 : Richard Seifert , German chemist (* 1861 )
- June 26th : Adolf Anderle , Austrian politician (* 1868 )
- June 29 : José Gregorio Hernández , Venezuelan medic and national saint (* 1864 )
- June 30 : John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh , British Nobel Prize Laureate (* 1842 )
July August
- July 2 : Friedrich Soennecken , German inventor (* 1848 )
- July 8 : Eugen Guglia , Austrian historian, journalist and writer (* 1857 )
- July 10 : Hugo Riemann , German music theorist, music historian, music teacher (* 1849 )
- July 12th : Bertha Freifrau von Arnswaldt , German salonière (* 1850 )
- July 12th : Oskar Bidder , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant confessor (* 1866 )
- July 15 : Emil Fischer , German chemist (* 1852 )
- July 18 : Raymonde de Laroche , French aviator (* 1882 )
- July 19 : Jacob Verdam , Dutch Dutch artist (* 1845 )
- July 21 : James Orman , American politician (* 1849 )
- July 23 : Eduard Franz Adt , German manufacturer, mayor and politician (* 1850 )
- July 25 : Friedrich Grützmacher , German cellist (* 1866 )
- July 27 : Charles Conrad Abbott , American archaeologist and naturalist (* 1843 )
- August 2 : Christoph Blumhardt , German theologian and pastor (* 1842 )
- August 9 : Ernst Haeckel , German biologist and Darwinist (* 1834 )
- August 9 : Ruggero Leoncavallo , Italian composer (* 1857 )
- August 9 : Eugen Münch , Swiss politician (* 1880 )
- August 10 : Hermann Wette , German doctor and writer (* 1857 )
- August 11 : Andrew Carnegie , American industrialist (* 1835 )
- August 16 : Andrew Sockalexis , American long-distance runner (* 1891 )
- August 24th : Friedrich Naumann , German politician and theologian (* 1860 )
- August 25 : Viktor Knorre , Russian astronomer of German descent (* 1840 )
- August 27 : Louis Botha , South African Prime Minister (* 1862 )
- August 28 : Adolf Schmal , Austrian fencer and cyclist (* 1872 )
September October
- September 3 : Josef Wiedemann , Austrian military bandmaster and composer (* 1828 )
- September 4 : Franz Reber , German art historian (* 1834 )
- September 5 : Hunold von Ahlefeld , German Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy (* 1851 )
- September 9 : Henri Lutz , French composer (* 1864 )
- September 14th : Fritz Schöll , German classical philologist (* 1850 )
- September 16 : Karl Augustin , German auxiliary bishop (* 1847 )
- September 17th : Richard Abé , German steel mold caster (* 1840 )
- September 17 : August Wilhelm Otto Niemann , German writer (* 1839 )
- September 20 : Ramón Barros Luco , Chilean politician (* 1835 )
- September 27 : Adelina Patti , Spanish-Italian opera singer (* 1843 )
- October 2 : Alfred Geist , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant confessor (* 1863 )
- October 3 : Pieter van Geer , Dutch mathematician (* 1841 )
- October 5 : Hugo Kersten , German writer and publicist (* 1892 )
- October 7 : Alfred Deakin , Australian Prime Minister (* 1856 )
- October 10 : Martin Leo Arons , German physicist and politician (* 1860 )
- October 10 : Anatole Mallet , Swiss engineer (* 1837 )
- October 11 : Karl Gjellerup , Danish writer (* 1857 )
- October 17 : Josef Albert Amann junior , German gynecologist (* 1866 )
- October 17 : HB Irving , English actor, theater manager and author (* 1870 )
- October 17 : James Murray , British general (* 1853 )
- October 18 : Emil Hagmann , German politician (* 1872 )
- October 20 : Walter Brack , German swimmer (* 1880 )
- October 25 : Eugène Luffy , Swiss politician (* 1854 )
- October 26 : Motojirō Akashi , Japanese general (* 1864 )
- October 27 : Alfred Philippe Roll , French painter (* 1846 )
- October 29 : Albert Benjamin Simpson , Canadian Presbyterian pastor, evangelist, and author (born 1843 )
- October 31 : Charles Herman Steinway , American industrialist, piano maker and amateur composer and pianist (* 1857 )
November December
- November 4 : Sofja Andrejewna Tolstaja , Russian writer (* 1844 )
- November 7th : Hugo Haase , German lawyer and politician and pacifist (* 1863 )
- November 9th : Eduard Müller , Swiss politician (* 1848 )
- November 11th : Felix von Hartmann , German theologian, cardinal and archbishop of Cologne (* 1851 )
- November 12th : Thomas S. Martin , American politician (* 1847 )
- November 14th : John Aitken , British physicist and meteorologist (* 1889 )
- November 15 : Michail Ossipowitsch Doliwo-Dobrowolski , Polish-Russian engineer (* 1862 )
- November 15 : Alfred Werner , German chemist, Nobel Prize winner (* 1866 )
- November 16 or 17 : Wilhelm Gilbert , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant martyr (* 1868 )
- November 18 : Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis , Dutch politician (* 1846 )
- November 18 : Adolf Hurwitz , German mathematician (* 1859 )
- November 19 : Adolf Gröber , German politician (* 1854 )
- November 22nd : Perito Moreno , Argentine geographer, anthropologist and explorer (* 1852 )
- November 22nd : Mary Rudge , British world chess champion (* 1842 )
- November 28 : Max Aschenborn , Ministerial Director in the Reich Post Office (* 1860 )
- November 29th : Szymon Winawer , Polish chess player (* 1838 )
- December 1 : Josef Rosemeyer , German track cyclist, inventor and entrepreneur (* 1872 )
- December 3 : Pierre-Auguste Renoir , French impressionist painter (* 1841 )
- December 3 : Heinrich Schenkl , Austrian classical philologist (* 1859 )
- December 8 : Maximilian Schmidt , Bavarian folk writer (* 1832 )
- December 13 : Woldemar Voigt , German physicist (* 1850 )
- December 18 : John Alcock , British pilot (* 1892 )
- December 18 : Henri Fournier , French racing driver (* 1871 )
- December 18 : Horatio Parker , American composer (* 1863 )
- December 18 : Georg Wentzel , German classical philologist (* 1862 )
- December 21 : Louis Diémer , French pianist and composer (* 1843 )
- December 22nd : Hermann Weingärtner , German gymnast and Olympic champion (* 1864 )
- December 26 : William Ruffin Cox , Confederate General (* 1832 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Basilio Haggiar , Syrian Archbishop (* 1839 )
- José Ovidio García , Dominican clarinetist, conductor and music teacher (* 1862 )
Web links
Commons : 1919 - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files
- Chronicle 1919 (Living Virtual Museum Online)
- Digitized copies of newspapers from 1919 in the newspaper information system (ZEFYS) of the Berlin State Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Saskia Etschmaier: The blood-red summer of the USA. In: orf.at . August 11, 2019, accessed January 24, 2020 .