1952

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1952
Explosion of Ivy Mike, the first hydrogen bomb
Explosion of Ivy Mike , the first hydrogen bomb
Fulgencio Batista 1952
Fulgencio Batista 's coup in Cuba
BOAC's Comet 1 at London Heathrow Airport
The accident-plagued De Havilland Comet is the first jet airliner
Large demonstration in front of the old opera house in Cairo
The "July 23rd Revolution" leads to the overthrow of King Faruq in the Kingdom of Egypt and changes the power structure of the entire region
1952 in other calendars
Ab urbe condita 2705
Armenian calendar 1400-1401
Ethiopian calendar 1944-1945
Badi calendar 108-109
Bengali calendar 1358-1359
Berber calendar 2902
Buddhist calendar 2496
Burmese calendar 1314
Byzantine calendar 7460-7461
Chinese calendar
 - era 4648-4649 or
4588-4589
 – 60-year cycle

Metal Rabbit (辛卯, 28)–
Water Dragon (壬辰, 29)

French
Revolutionary Calendar
CLX - CLXI
160-161
Hindu calendar
 – Vikram Sambat 2008-2009
 – Shaka Samvat 1874-1875
Iranian calendar 1330-1331
Islamic calendar 1371-1372
Japanese calendar
 – Nengō (era): Showa 27
 - Koki 2612
Jewish calendar 5712-5713
Coptic calendar 1668-1669
Korean calendar
 – Dangun era 4285
 – Juche era 41
Minguo calendar 41
Modern Olympics XV
Seleucid calendar 2263-2264
Thai solar calendar 2495

The year 1952 was marked by the ongoing Korean War . In Europe, the Montanunion laid the foundation for what would later become the European Community, and the Federal Republic was thus further integrated into Western Europe.

overview

East Asia/Korean War

The ongoing Korean War developed into a trench warfare along the 38th parallel; Even massive bombing of North Korea's infrastructure did little to change that. The USA was interested in strengthening its position in the Far East and played a key role in the conclusion of a peace treaty with Japan that officially ended the occupation regime. At the same time, the USA demonstrated their military strength against the Eastern bloc by detonating their first hydrogen bomb ; The election of Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower as US President, who replaced Democrat Harry S. Truman , did not change this firm position .

Federal Republic of Germany

Founding members of the ECSC

On the German question, Adenauer 's CDU government consistently backed integration with the West against the opposition of the SPD. The Soviet Union tried to counteract this development by making the offer of a reunited but neutral Germany with the Stalin note . However, Stalin was not able to prevent the Bonn government from deciding to join the European Defense Community .

The European Coal and Steel Community (= “Montanunion”: Federal Republic of Germany, Benelux countries, France and Italy), founded by the Treaty of Paris on April 18, 1951 , came into force on July 23, 1952.

GDR

On July 24, 1952, the district reforms in the GDR were implemented. This meant a redistribution through local government reforms into districts and districts . The second party conference of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) also took place in July 1952 in the Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle in East Berlin . Under the formula of the "planned construction of socialism " coined by Walter Ulbricht , a "Sovietization" of society and a strengthening of state power based on the Soviet model were introduced.

middle East

The Middle East was particularly shaken by two coups d'etat: In July, King Faruq was overthrown by the military in Egypt and his underage son Fu'ad II was formally crowned king; A little later, the military deposed King Talal in Jordan , who was replaced by King Hussein I. In the meantime, Israel has agreed a reparations agreement with the Federal Republic of Germany , which has met with criticism, especially from the Holocaust survivors.

Latin America

In the Latin American countries, Fulgencio Batista 's coup in Cuba and Víctor Paz Estenssoro 's seizure of power in Bolivia are particularly noteworthy; The latter aroused the suspicion of conservative circles in America with his socialization policy.

Africa

In Africa, colonial rule, especially that of the British and French, continued; With the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya , however, the first powerful independence movement made itself heard, which the British opposed by imposing martial law.

technology

In the field of technology, progress was evident, among other things, in the presentation of new supercomputers such as the UNIVAC . The use of jet aircraft ( De Havilland DH.106 Comet ) also became increasingly common in the civil sector, making it possible to fly from England to South Africa or make a return trip across the Atlantic on the same day. Meanwhile, television was introduced in the two German states at the end of the year.

Sports

In sports, the focus was on the Olympic Games. The Winter Games took place in Oslo, the Summer Games , dominated by the achievements of Emil Zátopek , in Helsinki. It was the first Olympic Games after the Second World War in which German athletes were again allowed to take part.

events

politics and world affairs

The New Southwest State
Third World article in L'Observateur
US President Dwight D. Eisenhower

business

science and technology

Ivy Mike (Eniwetok Atoll – October 31, 1952)

Culture

Sports

disasters

Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .

Born

January

Uli Hoeneß

February

Wolfgang Lippert (2008)

March

Wolfgang Kubicki, 2013
Douglas Adams, photograph by Michael Hughes

April

Barbara Hendricks, 2013

May

Roland Kaiser, 2014
Robert Zemeckis
Bernhard Brink, 2014

June

Hildegard Krekel, 2010
Bronislaw Komorowski, 2010
Orhan Pamuk , 2009
Isabella Rossellini

July

Dan Aykroyd , 2005

August

September

Bernd Roemer , 2001
Mickey Rourke, 2009

October

Vladimir Putin, around 2006

November

Ilya Richter, 2013

December

day unknown

Died

January

February

George VI, around 1940

March

April

May

June

  • 0June 1: John Dewey , American philosopher and educator (born 1859)
  • 0June 6: Josef Moser , Austrian politician (b. 1870)
  • 0June 8: Johnny McDowell , American racing driver (b. 1915)
  • 0June 9: Alice Austen , American photographer (b. 1866)
  • 0June 9: Adolf Busch , German violinist and composer (b. 1891)
  • June 12: Michael von Faulhaber , Cardinal and Archbishop of Munich and Freising (b. 1869)
  • June 13 Emma Eames , American opera singer and singing teacher (b. 1865)
  • June 13: Max Pulver , Swiss psychologist, graphologist, poet, playwright and storyteller (b. 1889)
  • June 14: Felix Calonder , Swiss politician (b. 1863)
Krystyna Skarbek, photo from 1945
  • June 15: Krystyna Skarbek , Polish agent of the British Special Operations Executive Intelligence Unit (b. 1908)
  • June 16: Theodor Geiger , German sociologist (b. 1891)
  • June 17: Heinrich Germer , SED politician and city councilor for popular education and culture in Magdeburg (b. 1900)
  • June 17: Alberto Williams , Argentine composer and conductor (b. 1862)
  • June 18: Efim Bogolyubov , Russian-German chess grandmaster (b. 1889)
  • June 18: Heinrich Schlusnus , German opera and concert singer (baritone) (b. 1888)
  • June 20: Luigi Fagioli , Italian racing driver (b. 1898)
  • June 22: Eugen Abresch , German entrepreneur, inventor, art collector and politician (b. 1867)
  • June 23: Peter Georg Cohrs , German politician (born 1894)
  • June 23: Arthur Lisowsky , professor at the Commercial College of St. Gallen (b. 1895)
  • June 24: Botho Henning Elster , German major general (b. 1894)
  • June 25: Luke Jordan , American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1892)
  • June 28 Ludwig Radermacher , German classical scholar (b. 1867)
  • 00June: Charles Montier , French automobile racer and vehicle designer (b. 1879)

July

Eva Duarte de Perón, called Evita , around 1947

August

Kurt Schumacher (between 1945 and 1948)
  • August 20: Kurt Schumacher , German politician (b. 1895)
  • August 27: Armand Gagnier , Canadian clarinetist and conductor (b. 1895)
  • August 31: Ernst Busse , head of the International Inmates Committee at Buchenwald concentration camp (b. 1897)
  • August 31: Jim Rigsby , American racing driver (b. 1923)

September

October

November

  • 0November 5: Joseph James , American racing driver (b. 1925)
  • 0November 9: Chaim Weizmann , first President of Israel (b. 1874)
  • November 10: Otto Appel , German herbalist (b. 1867)
  • November 15 – Vasyl Krychevskyj , Ukrainian art historian, painter, architect, graphic artist and stage designer (b. 1873)
  • November 16: Charles Maurras , French writer and political publicist (b. 1868)
  • November 17: Franz John , German football official and photographer (b. 1872)
  • November 18: Paul Éluard , French poet (b. 1895)
  • November 18: A. Harry Moore , American politician (b. 1879)
  • November 18 Dutch Speck , American football player (b. 1886)
  • November 20: Benedetto Croce , Italian philosopher, humanist, historian, politician and critic (born 1866)
  • November 20: Jock Porter , British motorcycle racer, entrepreneur and motorcycle designer (b. 1894)
  • November 25: Julien-Fernand Vaubourgoin , French organist, composer and music teacher (born 1880)
  • November 26: Sven Hedin , Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer (born 1865)
  • 28 November: Ota Wićaz , Sorbian literary and cultural historian and writer (b. 1874)
  • November 28: Elena of Montenegro , Queen of Italy (b. 1873)

December

day unknown

Nobel prizes

web links

Commons : 1952  - Collection of images, videos and audio files