Bronislaw Komorowski

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Bronisław Komorowski (2015)
Signature of Bronisław Komorowski

Bronisław Maria Komorowski [brɔɲiswaf kɔmɔrɔfskʲi] listen ? / i (born June 4, 1952 in Oborniki Śląskie ) is a Polish politician and was President of the Republic of Poland from 2010 to 2015 . He belongs to the liberal- conservative Civic Platform (Polish Platforma Obywatelska , PO for short) and was Minister of Defense from 2000 to 2001 and President of Parliament from 2007 to 2010 . Audio file / audio sample

He joined the presidential election in May 2015 for a second term, but was surprisingly in the first round behind the candidate of the nationalist conservative party Law and Justice , Andrzej Duda . In the runoff election between the two on May 24, 2015, Komorowski was defeated with 48.45 percent of the votes against Duda with 51.55 percent and was thus voted out of office.

Youth and Studies

Bronisław Komorowski is the son of the relatives of Szlachta Leon Zygmunt Count Komorowski (1924-1992), a professor of African studies at the University of Warsaw , and Jadwiga Komorowska, nee Szalkowska (* 1921). His family originally came from Kowaliszki in Upper Lithuania in the northeast of what is now the Republic of Lithuania .

Bronisław Komorowski was born in Oborniki Śląskie (Obernigk) and spent part of his childhood in Poznan . From 1957 to 1959 he lived in Józefów , then until 1966 in Pruszków , where he also attended elementary school. From there he moved to Warsaw , where he finished his school education. Most recently he attended the Cyprian-Kamil-Norwid -Gymnasium (Polish XXIV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Cypriana Norwida ).

Komorowski began his activities in the democratic opposition movement in Warsaw and was briefly imprisoned for this in 1971. At the University of Warsaw , Komorowski studied at the history faculty, which he left in 1977 with a master's degree . After completing his university education , he worked for the newspaper Słowo Powszechne of the Catholic lay association Pax .

Political career

Bronisław Komorowski with the German President Joachim Gauck and the President of the Bundestag Norbert Lammert after a memorial hour on the 75th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War (2014)

Democratic opposition in the communist era

In communist Poland he worked as an underground editor for the democratic opposition. Among other things, he edited the monthly Głos newspaper with Antoni Macierewicz .

In 1980 he and other members of the movement for the protection of human and civil rights (Polish: Ruch Obrony Praw Człowieka i Obywatela , ROPCiO for short) because of planning an illegal patriotic demonstration on Independence Day in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw on November 11th November 1979 sentenced to one month imprisonment.

From 1980 to 1981 he worked in the Social Research Center of the Solidarność trade union . On September 28, 1981, he was one of the signatories of the founding declaration of the clubs in the service of independence (Polish Kluby Służby Niepodległości , KSN for short).

After Solidarność was banned with the declaration of martial law in 1981 , he was interned from December 1981 to June 1982. He then became a teacher in a Catholic seminary in Niepokalanów .

Third Republic (from 1989)

Bronisław Komorowski and Pope Benedict XVI. (2010)

With the fall of communism in Poland in 1989 and the emergence of the so-called Third Polish Republic , Komorowski became a member of the Sejm , the Polish parliament. From 1989 to 1990 he was cabinet director in the office of the Council of Ministers and from 1990 to 1993 Deputy Minister of Defense in the civil sector for education and society. In the first half of the 1990s he was in connection with the liberal Democratic Union (Polish Unia Demokratyczna , short UD) and its successor party, the Freedom Union (Polish Unia Wolności , short UW). From 1993 to 1995 he held the office of general secretary in these groups. In 1997, together with a group of members of the UW, under the leadership of Jan Rokita, he founded the inner-parliamentary faction People's Conservative Ring (Polish: Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe , KKL for short), which in the same year became part of the newly founded People's Conservative Party (Polish: Stronnictwo Konserwatywno- Ludowe , SKL for short) rose. The SKL in turn joined a short time later the conservative election campaign Solidarity (Polish Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność , AWS for short). Within the SKL, he held the offices of general secretary and deputy chairman.

1997 Komorowski won a mandate as a member of the AWS. From 1997 to 2000 he was chairman of the Defense Committee of the Sejm and from 2000 to 2001 Minister of Defense of Poland under the then Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek . In 2001, while still as a minister in a minority government of the AWS, he and some members of the SKL formed an electoral alliance with the liberal-conservative Civic Platform (Polish Platforma Obywatelska , PO for short) for the elections to the Sejm and obtained a member of parliament in Warsaw. A short time later he resigned from the SKL and joined the PO. There he has been a member of the party executive committee since 2001. He is assigned to the conservative wing of the party. In the Sejm he was Deputy Chairman of the National Defense Committee and a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2005.

After the parliamentary elections in 2005 Komorowski was Vice-Marshal of the Sejm. After the PO won the early parliamentary elections in 2007 , he was finally elected Sejm Marshal , i.e. the parliamentary president.

President

Komorowski prevailed against Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski on March 27, 2010 with 68.5 percent of the votes in the PO's internal area code , making him the party's candidate in the 2010 presidential election .

On April 10, 2010, incumbent President Lech Kaczyński died in a plane crash in Russia . As provided for in the Polish constitution (Article 131, Paragraph 2, Item 1), Komorowski took over the official duties of the deceased President in his function as Sejm Marshal.

In the early presidential election in 2010 , Komorowski then achieved the highest percentage of votes of all candidates, but missed the absolute majority with 41.22 percent of the votes. He presented himself as a candidate from the political center who wanted to ensure good cooperation between the presidency and the government. From the runoff election against the runner-up Jarosław Kaczyński , the twin brother of the late president, he was successful with 53.01 percent. The majority of Komorowski was elected by younger, metropolitan, mostly better educated citizens who were enthusiastic about the European Union .

Since, according to the Polish constitution, the office of president is incompatible with a parliamentary mandate (Art. 132), Komorowski resigned as Sejm Marshal on July 8, 2010 and renounced his seat in order to be able to be sworn in. On August 6, 2010, he took his oath of office in front of the National Assembly and thus took office.

After Lech Wałęsa and Lech Kaczyński, Komorowski is the third Polish President to come from the circle of the democratic opposition movement of the 1980s.

Komorowski's administration enjoyed a high level of approval. He ran for a second term in the presidential election in May 2015 and was well ahead in the first polls. In the first ballot on May 10, he was surprisingly only able to take second place behind Andrzej Duda and was also defeated in the second ballot on May 24, 2015 in the runoff against Duda. Komorowski resigned from office on August 6 after Duda was sworn in.

Political opinions

Komorowski represents liberal-conservative positions. He describes his views as center-right and Christian-democratic, but also stands for the separation of state and church. In terms of economic policy, he stands behind the government led by the PO. In terms of foreign policy, he is an advocate of European integration and good cooperation with all neighbors.

In August 2012, Komorowski spoke out in favor of a Polish missile defense shield as part of NATO's missile defense system .

On September 10, 2014, Komorowski gave a speech in front of the German Bundestag on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II . In it he called for closer cooperation and a more determined approach by the member states of the European Union towards Russia in the course of the conflict over eastern Ukraine .

Familiar

Bronisław Komorowski has been married to Anna Komorowska, née Dembowska, since 1977 and has five children with her.

His distant relatives included the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Home Army during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, who later became Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces in the West (1944–1946) and Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile (1947–1949), General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski .

Awards (selection)

Honors

literature

Web links

Commons : Bronisław Komorowski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej. In: ipn.gov.pl. Retrieved May 12, 2019 (Polish).
  2. ^ Wyniki Polska. In: Prezydent2015.pkw.gov.pl .
  3. ↑ Jacek Lepiarz: Bronislaw Komorowski: pro-European Graf with German contacts. Rhein-Zeitung, June 19, 2010, accessed on August 28, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Walenty Wojniłło: Kowaliszki, Skąd Prezydenta ród ... . Wilnoteka. August 20, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
  5. ^ Profiles: Bronislaw Komorowski. BBC News, July 5, 2010, accessed September 13, 2012 .
  6. ↑ a b c d Komorowski: Conservative with liberal ambitions. Kleine Zeitung, July 4, 2010, archived from the original on September 24, 2014 .;
  7. ↑ Poland's new opportunities: On the country's situation after the presidential elections . Heinrich Böll Foundation. July 15, 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  8. ↑ Gazeta Wyborcza, Komorowski nie jest już marszałkiem i posłem , July 8, 2010
  9. ↑ Gazeta Wyborcza, Prezydent Komorowski apeluje o zgodę, Kaczyńskiego na zaprzysiężeniu brak , August 6, 2010
  10. ^ Polish President Komorowski set for a landslide victory in May's election. In: Ukraine Today , February 8, 2015.
  11. ↑ Komorowski wins presidential election. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , July 5, 2010.
  12. ↑ Poland chooses: Jaroslaw Kaczynski is narrowly defeated by his opponent. In: Welt Online , accessed January 29, 2012.
  13. ↑ Poland's President Komorowski wants his own missile shield. Die Welt, August 15, 2012, accessed on September 13, 2012 .
  14. ^ Dpa: German Bundestag: Komorowski demands toughness towards Russia. In: Zeit Online. September 10, 2014, accessed September 10, 2014 .
  15. ↑ From the old nobility - Bronislaw Maria Karol Graf Komorowski. from June 19, 2010
  16. ↑ Andrzej Hennel: Drzewo genealogiczne Bronisława Komorowskiego . Polityka.pl. June 15, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
  17. ↑ Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1057/2008 of November 19, 2008; accessed on February 16, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  18. ↑ Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1057/2008 of November 19, 2008; accessed on February 16, 2018 (Ukrainian)
personal data
SURNAME Komorowski, Bronislaw
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Komorowski, Bronisław Maria Karol (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician, member of the Sejm and President
DATE OF BIRTH June 4th 1952
PLACE OF BIRTH Oborniki Śląskie