Solomon Abramowitsch Losowski

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Solomon Abramowitsch Losowski around 1926

Solomon Lozovsky ( russian . Соломон Абрамович Лозовский, scientific transliteration Solomon Abramovich Lozovskij; actually Dridso, Russian Дридзо * 16- 28. March 1878 in Danilovka , Ujesd Alexandrowsk , yekaterinoslav governorate , Russian Empire ; † 12. August 1952 in Moscow ) was a Soviet state and trade union official .

Life

Losovsky was born into the family of a Jewish cheder teacher in a village in the north of what is now the Ukrainian Oblast of Zaporizhia . He went through military service in Simbirsk , from where he completed a remote high school diploma in 1901. In the same year Losovsky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), in which he later joined the Bolshevik wing . As a participant in the Russian Revolution in Kazan in 1905 and a delegate to the All-Russian Conference of Bolsheviks in Tampere (1905), he was exiled in 1908 , but was able to flee abroad. Between 1909 and 1917 Losowski lived in Geneva and Paris , and was involved in the French trade union movement.

In June 1917 Losovsky returned to Petrograd , where he became secretary of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions in July. From 1918 to 1921 he was secretary responsible for the textile workers' union, later for that of the railway workers, and finally he held the office of chairman of the Moscow City Council of the trade unions.

In protest against the party line, Losovsky and several other Bolsheviks resigned from office. As a result, he was expelled from the RSDLP (B) in December 1917 , but was able to rejoin the party now renamed RKP (B) in December 1919 . In the power struggle after Lenin's death in 1924, he sided with Stalin .

From 1921 to 1937 Losowski was general secretary of the Red Trade Union International (RGI) (also called Profintern). In this context, from 1928 onwards he pushed the process of making the Revolutionary Trade Union Opposition (RGO) in Germany independent .

After the dissolution of the RGI, Losowski was director of the state publishing house Goslitisdat from 1937 to 1939, and from 1939 to 1946 deputy people's commissar for external relations of the USSR. In addition, Losowski was deputy head from 1941 to 1945 and head of the Sowinform office from 1945 to 1948 , as well as a candidate from 1927 to 1937 and a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 1937 to 1949 . He was also a member of the All Union Central Executive Committee (WZIK) and a member of the Supreme Soviet (1st and 2nd electoral terms). Losowski was also a delegate of the II. (1920) up to and including VII. World Congress (1937) of the Comintern , as well as a member of the EKKI .

Between 1941 and 1948 Losowski was secretary of the Jewish Antifascist Committee , which was founded to win over Jews in the West to support the Soviet Union in the war against the German Reich . When, after the founding of Israel in 1948, an anti-Semitic wave of persecution began in the USSR against so-called “ rootless cosmopolitans ”, Losowski was dismantled politically.

He was arrested in January 1949 and sentenced to death by shooting in July 1952 on charges of espionage. On August 12, he was finally executed on the so-called Night of the Murdered Poets . Losowski's posthumous rehabilitation took place in 1955 .

Honors

Losowski was awarded the Order of Lenin , the Order of the Great Patriotic War (1st class) and numerous other medals.

Selected writings (in German)

  • France and the French Labor Movement in the Present. Impressions and considerations , [Moscow], Verlag d. Red Union International; Berlin, Führer-Verlag, 1923². 144 pp.
  • The international trade union movement before and after the war , Berlin, Führer-Verlag, 1924. 223 pp.
  • Why do workers' delegations travel to Soviet Russia? , Berlin, Führer-Verlag, 1926. 70 pp.
  • Revolution and counter-revolution in China , Moscow, Verlag d. Red Union International; Berlin, Führer-Verlag, 1928. 80 pp.
  • The strike. 5 lectures at the Lenin School in Moscow , Berlin, Führer-Verlag, 1930. 111 pp.
  • Karl Marx and the trade unions , Moscow, foreign publishing cooperative. Workers in the USSR, 1934. 170 pp.

literature

  • Юрий Васильевич Горячев (Ed.): Центральный Комитет КПСС, ВКП (б), РКП (Б), РСДРП (Б), 1917–1991. Историко-биографический справочник. Парад, Москва 2005, ISBN 5-8061-0062-6 , p. 277.
  • Arkadij Maslow : Losowski - blacksmith, People's Commissar, "Rebbe" (July 11, 1941). In: Ruth Fischer , Arkadij Maslow: Abtrünnig against Will. From letters and manuscripts of exile. Edited by Peter Lübbe. Oldenbourg, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-486-55331-3 , pp. 408-412.

Web links

Commons : Solomon Losowski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Cf. Stefan Heinz : Moscow's mercenaries? The “Unified Association of Metal Workers in Berlin”: Development and failure of a communist union . Hamburg 2010, pp. 76 ff., 82 ff., 94, 98, 112, 170.