Ibrahim Dalliu

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Statue in Tirana

Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu (* 1878 in Tirana ; † May 25, 1952 there ) was an Albanian Islamic scholar , publicist , writer and supporter of the national movement.

biography

Ibrahim Dalliu was born in Tirana. He studied theology in Istanbul . There he also had contact with other Albanians who campaigned for the language and rights of the Albanians as part of the growing Albanian national movement . After his return to Tirana, he worked as an imam and teacher at the city's first school from 1901 . In 1908 he opened a first school for girls.

Dalliu was a member of the Bashkimi association , which campaigned for more rights for the Albanians when the Young Turks came to power . In 1909 he took part in the Congress of Elbasan , where important decisions were made for an education system in Albanian . He was one of the first teachers at the Shkolla Normale in Elbasan, a teacher training college , the establishment of which was decided at the Congress and from which today's University of Elbasan arose. Over the next two years, he was repeatedly arrested by the Ottoman authorities and detained in Bitola and Thessaloniki . Teaching materials and other patriotic literature in Albanian were confiscated during searches of the mosque. He was released after Hasan Prishtina intervened . As a result, he participated in an armed uprising in Kruja and was arrested again. From 1912 he was editor of the magazine "Dajti". On November 28, 1912, the day of the Albanian declaration of independence, he was present when the Albanian flag was hoisted in Tirana. He supported the reign of Prince Wilhelm zu Wied and rejected the Central Albanian uprising of Muslim peasants. In the aftermath he remained politically active.

After the First World War he wrote several books. He was not averse to the government of the Orthodox Bishop Fan Noli (June to December 1924); He paid tribute to Avni Rustemi , whose murder had led to the overthrow of the Zogu- affiliated government of Shefqet Vërlaci and the Noli government, with an elegy . The pedagogue Rustemi had endeavored to unite the numerous patriotic societies in the country under one umbrella organization, for which an association was founded in Vlora in 1921 , to which Dalliu also belonged.

During the Second World War , the National Socialists , who occupied Albania after Italy's surrender on September 3, 1943, called a national assembly at the beginning of October 1943. This dissolved the connection with Italy laid down in the constitution (see Italian occupation of Albania ) and elected a government under Mehdi Bej Frashëri . Ibrahim Dalliu was also a member of this "National Assembly", which would later prove to be his undoing in communist post-war Albania .

1945 Dalliu teacher at the madrasa of Tirana.

Because of his political and anti-communist activities and publications, he came into confrontation with the ruling communists under Enver Hoxha after the Second World War . In 1947 he was arrested. By judgment of February 24, 1948, Dalliu was sentenced to five years in prison for agitation and propaganda against the people and the state. Although he later benefited from an amnesty, the seventy-year-old Dalliu had been tortured in prison for three months. He died of tuberculosis on May 25, 1952 .

plant

Ibrahim Dalliu has written 15 religious works on Islam and some secular , patriotic works, including poetic and satirical writings. The most important work is the treatise Patriotizma në Tiranë (Patriotism in Tirana) from 1930. He was also the editor of the magazine “Dajti” in 1912 and from 1924 to 1926, for which he also wrote articles on a regular basis.

The Koran was first translated into Albanian in 1921 : the translator Ilo Mitkë Qafëzezi followed French and English models. Ibrahim Dallius translation of the Arabic original text was published in 1929. As Haafiz could Dalliu the Koran by heart.

“Na shqiptarët, prej çdo feje qofshim, jemi të tanë vllazën gjaku dhe vllazën (vatani) atdheu. Do të shkojmë mbarë e mirë shoq me shoq si jemi tue shkue, do të punojmë së bashku për lulëzimin e atdheut tonë dhe do ta mbrojmë atë me gjakun tonë. "

“We Albanians, whatever religion we belong to, are all brothers in our country. We will always live peacefully together - we will work together for the well-being of our nation, which we will defend with our blood. "

- Ibrahim Dalliu : Patroitizma më Tiranë

Artistic creation and historical treatises:

  • Grenxat e kuqe të Tiranës , satirical poem, 1915.
  • Dokrrat e hinit , satirical poem, 1922.
  • Patriotizma më Tiranë , 1930.

Selection of religious scriptures:

  • Texhvidi (rules for reading and recitation of the Qur'an ), 1921st
  • Ilmihali (Islamic teaching).
  • Dhunti e Ramazanit (about Ramadan ), 1921.
  • Ajka e kuptimeve të Kurani Qerimit (Seven Editions on the Meaning of the Koran), 1929.
  • E lemja dhe jeta e të madhit Muhamed as 6143 vargje (about Mohammed ), 1934.
  • Ç'është Islamizmi (on Islam), 1935.
  • Udha Muhamedane (Tarikati muhamedije) by Imam Birgivi , translation 1936.
  • Besimet e myslimanëve (Verses on the Faith of Muslims), 1937.
  • Libri i së falmës (The Book of Forgiveness) , 1937.

Appreciation

The medrese of Tirana at the place named after Dalliu with its statue

The square in front of the Tirana Madrasa is named after Ibrahim Dalliu. A statue of him was unveiled there on May 30, 2000.

literature

  • Bedri Alimehmeti: Veprimtaria publicistike e Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliut . Speech at the seminar for Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu. Tirana, Academy of Sciences November 22, 2012 (Albanian, zeriislam.com [accessed October 27, 2019]).
  • Xhemal Balla, Lira Musollari (ed.): Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu. Jeta dhe vepra: (1878-1952) . Qendra Shqiptare për Studime Orientale, Tirana 2008.
  • Petrit Kusi: Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu dhe vepra e tij . In: Shoqata Tirana (ed.): Patriotizmi në Tiranë . Imazh, Tirana 1995, pp. 5-10 (reprint).
  • Genti Kruja (Ed.): 100 personalitete të Kulturës islame (shekulli XIX-XX) . Komuniteti Mysliman i Shqipërisë , Tirana 2012, p. 80-83 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Robert Elsie : Historical Dictionary of Albania (=  Historical Dictionaries of Europe . No. 75 ). Second edition. The Scarecrow Press, Lanham / Toronto / Plymouth 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-6188-6 , keyword Dalliu, Hafiz Ibrahim , p. 98 .
  2. a b c d e Agron Tufa et al .: Fjalor Enciklopedik i Viktimave të Terrorit Komunist . Ed .: Instituti i Studimit të Krimeve dhe Viktimave të Komunizmit. II (D-G). Tirana 2013, ISBN 978-9928-16816-0 , keyword Dalliu Hafiz Ibrahim , p. 38–40 ( gov.al [PDF; accessed October 27, 2019]).
  3. a b c d Christiane Jaenicke: Albania. A country portrait . Ch.links, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-96289-043-8 , pp. 191 .
  4. Hubert Neuwirth: Resistance and Collaboration in Albania 1939–1944 . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-447-05783-7 , pp. 141 f .
  5. Ligjvënësit në vite. (PDF) In: Albanian Parliament. P. 11 f. , accessed on October 27, 2019 (Albanian, list of all members of parliament in Albania).
  6. a b c d e Gazmend Bakiu: Tirana e vjetër . Mediaprint, Tirana 2013, ISBN 978-9928-08101-8 , pp. 148 f .
  7. In Fjalor Enciklopedik i Viktimave të Terrorit Komunist February 1952 is given as the time of death.
  8. Rezarta Delisula: Tirana-Mahnia . Maluka, Tirana 2018, ISBN 978-9928-26018-5 , Tiranasi që prktheu Kuranin, p. 104 f . (Reprinted from an article published in Gazeta Shqiptare (p. 15) on April 21, 2002.).
  9. ^ Translation from Jaenicke (2019), p. 191.
  10. Kontributi i Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliut për gjuhën shqipe. In: Islam Gjakova.net. March 9, 2018, accessed October 27, 2019 (Albanian).