People's Socialist Republic of Albania

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Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërise
Socialist People's Republic of Albania
1944–1990
Flag of Albania (1946–1992) .svg State Emblem of the People's Republic of Albania.svg
flag coat of arms
← Flag of Albania (1943–1944) .svg navigation Flag of Albania.svg →
Motto : Proletarë të të gjitha vendeve, bashkohuni
( Albanian for " Workers of the world united you! ")
Official language Albanian
Capital Tirana
Form of government People's Republic
Form of government Socialist one-party system
Head of state Party secretary
Head of government Prime Minister
surface 28,748 km² (1989)
Residents 3,182,417 (1989)
Population density 110.7 inhabitants per km² (1989)
currency Albanian Lek
(1 Lek = 100 Qindarka)
founding May 24, 1944
November 29, 1944
Liberation Day
resolution December 11, 1990
fall of communism
National anthem Himni i Flamurit
National holiday November 28th
Flag Day
Time zone UTC +1 CET
UTC +2 CEST (March to October)
License Plate AL
ISO 3166 AL , ALB, 008
Telephone code +355
map
Albania 1956-1990.svg

The Socialist People's Republic of Albania ( Albanian  Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë , RPSSh for short ) was a state in south-eastern Europe that existed in this form from 1944 to 1990. After its founding on May 24, 1944 and after the withdrawal of the Wehrmacht on November 29, 1944, it was established nationwide, until 1990 a real socialist one-party dictatorship under the leadership of the Party of Labor of Albania (PAA), which devoted itself to Marxism-Leninism , Stalinism and Maoism known. The Socialist People's Republic of Albania saw itself as the dictatorship of the proletariat , which represented and defended the interests of the working class . After the fall of the Iron Curtain , the PAA was renamed the Socialist Party of Albania (Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë) and, as one of the two largest parties, has repeatedly appointed the Prime Minister .

The People's Socialist Republic of Albania was a founding member of the Warsaw Pact and belonged from 1949 to the CMEA -Staaten Eastern Europe , making them part of the so-called Eastern Bloc was. This collaboration ended in 1961, and in 1968 the Warsaw Pact was abandoned. The ban on religion established in 1967 made Albania the first and so far only official atheist state in the world.

All over the country, thousands of bunkers and hundreds of monuments, so-called lapidars , remind of the communist era.

The capital of the Albanian People's Republic was Tirana .

history

The National Liberation Movement (LNÇ) liberated Albania from the Wehrmacht on November 29, 1944 , practically ending the Second World War in their own country. The anti-fascist National Liberation Council , founded in May, formed the provisional state government for the next two years. Like the LNÇ, they were dominated by the Communist Party of Albania (later renamed the Labor Party of Albania ) and its first party secretary, Enver Hoxha , who was appointed Prime Minister of Albania.

From the beginning, the LNÇ regime was an undisguised Stalinist dictatorship . After they had eliminated the nationalist partisan movement Balli Kombëtar and sentenced, executed or forced to flee all other opposition members with or without a show trial to prison terms of several years to life, the LNÇ increasingly consolidated its power. All connections to the non-real socialist world were broken off.

Koçi Xoxe , who later became Vice President and Minister of the Interior, oversaw the planning and execution of the countless executions of thousands of opposition politicians, clan leaders and members of previous Albanian governments under the pretext that they were all “war criminals”. Thousands of her family members were also sent to prison or forced labor camps for years.

The consolidation of communist control also resulted in a territorial shift in political power in Albania. While before it was mainly the northern Albanians who opposed the governments, after the war it was mostly southern Albanian Tosks . The majority of the communist leaders were middle-class Tosks and the party recruited most of its supporters from the Tosken-inhabited regions of Albania.

On December 2, 1945, the Albanians elected a people's constituent assembly . However, only candidates from the Democratic Front (the former National Liberation Movement) were eligible for election . Using propaganda and terrorist tactics, the communists finally won with allegedly 93 percent of the votes cast. The turnout was 92 percent.

List of political leaders

Logo of the Labor Party of Albania : In addition to the red party flag with the party acronym, the logo depicts the “Fathers of Socialism” (from left to right): Marx , Engels , Lenin and Stalin .

General Secretaries of the Party of Labor of Albania :

Chair of the Presidium of the National Assembly:

Prime Minister:

See also

Web links

Commons : Communism in Albania  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1976. Stanford University Libraries, accessed November 9, 2012 (Albanian).
  2. ↑ Michael Schmidt-Neke: Can Albania explain North Korea? In: Albanian notebooks. 4/2004, p. 14.
  3. ^ Spiegel: Bunkerland Albania: Everyone under cover . August 6, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2017.