1952 Summer Olympics

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Games of the XV. Olympics
1952 Summer Olympics logo
Venue: Helsinki ( Finland )
Stadion: Helsinki Olympic Stadium
Opening ceremony: July 19, 1952
Closing ceremony: 3rd August 1952
Opened by: Juho Kusti Paasikivi (President)
Olympic oath : Heikki Savolainen (athlete)
Disciplines: 23 (17 sports)
Competitions: 149
Countries: 69
Athletes: 4955, including 519 women
← London 1948
Stockholm 1956 (equestrian games) →
Medal table
space country G S. B. Ges.
1 United States 48United States United States 40 19th 17th 76
2 Soviet Union 1923Soviet Union Soviet Union 22nd 30th 19th 71
3 Hungary 1949Hungary Hungary 16 10 16 42
4th SwedenSweden Sweden 12 13 10 35
5 ItalyItaly Italy 8th 9 4th 23
6th CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Czechoslovakia 7th 3 3 13
7th France 1946Fourth French Republic France 6th 6th 6th 18th
8th FinlandFinland Finland 6th 3 13 22nd
9 AustraliaAustralia Australia 6th 2 3 11
10 NorwayNorway Norway 3 2 - 5
11 SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 2 6th 6th 14th
... ... ... ... ... ...
28 GermanyGermany Germany - 7th 17th 24
32 AustriaAustria Austria - 1 1 2
Complete medal table
The Helsinki Olympic Stadium on a Finnish postage stamp
Finnish postage stamp for the Summer Olympics

The 1952 Summer Olympics (officially called the XV Olympiad Games ) took place from July 19 to August 3, 1952 in Helsinki , the capital of Finland . The main venue was the Helsinki Olympic Stadium . It was the first time that the Soviet Union had participated. Teams from Japan and Germany (FRG and Saarland competed separately, the GDR did not participate) were allowed to participate again for the first time since World War II .

Helsinki had already applied for the 1940 Summer Olympics and was awarded the contract after Tokyo had given it back. Due to the attack of the Soviet Union and the Second World War , the games had to be canceled.

Selection Helsinki

This took place on June 21, 1947 at the 40th IOC session in Stockholm . Other candidate cities were Los Angeles , Minneapolis , Detroit , Chicago , Philadelphia (all USA ) and Amsterdam ( Netherlands ).

Outstanding athletes

  • The runner Emil Zátopek from Czechoslovakia set a record that is still valid today. After him, no one else succeeded in winning a gold medal in the 5000 and 10,000 meters as well as in the marathon at the same Summer Olympic Games.
  • The most successful athlete was the Soviet gymnast Viktor Tschukarin with four gold medals and two silver medals.

Attendees

A total of 69 nations took part in the 1952 Summer Olympics, more than ever before. The invitations were even sent to 80 nations, but only 73 inquiries were answered. Paraguay and Peru refused. The Republic of China initially agreed, but two days before the start it became known that the Olympic Committee had also approved athletes from the People's Republic of China . In protest, the Republic of China canceled its participation two days in advance. This was the beginning of a longstanding conflict between the two nations at the Olympic Games. In fact, the People's Republic of China did not compete again until the 1980 Winter Olympics . In addition, said Haiti also from his participation, but decided to take part in the games connected to the art exhibition.

The first Israeli Olympic team

Guatemala , Indonesia , Israel , Gold Coast (Ghana), Nigeria , Thailand and Vietnam made their debut at the Summer Olympics. The Soviet Union also competed for the first time . The previous nation , Russia , last participated in the 1912 Summer Olympics. For the first time, the Netherlands Antilles were allowed to travel with their own delegation. Due to the division of Germany , there was a special regulation for Germany. Both the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic had founded their own National Olympic Committee . However, the GDR's National Olympic Committee was not recognized by the IOC. Rather, Germany should compete as a nation under the leadership of the National Olympic Committee for Germany . However, the GDR still rejected this and did not send any athletes to Helsinki. In contrast to the situation of an Olympic delegation for Germany as a whole , Saarland , which is under French protection , was recognized as an independent Olympic nation as early as 1950 and was invited to Helsinki by the IOC. A total of 36 competitors from Saarland took part in the games, but could not win any medals.

While an all-Korean team competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , this time Korea was represented exclusively by South Korean athletes.

Europe (3,471 athletes from 30 nations)
America (913 athletes from 18 nations)
Asia (290 athletes from 15 nations)
Africa (288 athletes from 4 nations)
Oceania (102 athletes from 2 nations)
(Number of athletes) * Participation in summer games for the first time

Others

Postage stamp from the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin (1952) for the pre-Olympic holidays
  • The games were officially opened by the Finnish President Juho Kusti Paasikivi . The Finnish gymnast Heikki Savolainen took the athlete's oath . The last torchbearer was the Finnish athlete Hannes Kolehmainen .
  • The German team had been trained under the direction of Siegfried Perrey at the Marinesportschule in Flensburg - Mürwik , the last time that the school had an essential role in the preparation for the Summer Olympics. 7 silver medals and 17 bronze medals were won during the Games, but for the first and only time at the Summer Games, not a single gold medal was won.
  • Hungary did very well with 42 medals, 3rd place in the medal table behind the two "big ones" (USA, Soviet Union).
  • The only Olympic victory for Japan was the bantamweight wrestler Shohachi Ishii . There was also six silver and two bronze medals for Japan.
  • For the first and so far only time Luxembourg (as of 2016) won an Olympic gold medal ( Josy Barthel in the 1500 meter run) in an Olympic sports competition.
  • The Soviet Union took second place in the medal table. Under political pressure from the Soviet NOK, a separate Olympic village was set up especially for the Soviet athletes.
  • All other debuting countries remained without a medal: Guatemala , Indonesia , Israel , Gold Coast (Ghana), Nigeria , Thailand and Vietnam .
  • Carlo Pedersoli, later known as Bud Spencer , also took part in the games; However, he retired in the semifinals in the 100-meter freestyle swimming (58.9 s) as fifth of his run with the twelfth-fastest time overall.
  • On February 3, 1952, the Finnish government lifted the visa requirement for participants and visitors to the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki in order to facilitate “Olympic tourism”.

Competition program

A total of 149 competitions (113 for men, 25 for women and 11 open competitions) in 17 sports / 23 disciplines were held. That was 13 more competitions than in London in 1948 - the number of sports / disciplines remained the same. Below are the changes to in detail:

  • In boxing , the two weight classes, semi-welter and semi-middleweight, were added.
  • In weightlifting , the weight class middle heavyweight was added.
  • The team competition was added to the modern pentathlon .
  • In dressage , the men's competitions (individual and team) have been converted into open competitions.
  • In terms of shooting , the men's classes for small-bore rifle, three-position combat and small-bore rifle, running deer, 100 m single and double shot extended the program - in addition, Trap became Olympic again for men.
  • In sailing , the open classes Finn dinghy and 5.5 mR class replaced the open classes Swallow and Firefly.
  • In apparatus gymnastics , the program for women has been expanded to include floor, balance beam, jump and uneven bars. In addition, the individual all-round competition and group gymnastics for women were added.

Olympic sports / disciplines

Number of competitions in brackets

Time schedule

Time schedule
discipline Mon.
14.		 Tuesday
15th		 Wed
16.		 Thursday
17.		 Fri.
18.		 Sat
19.		 Sun.
20.		 Mon.
21.		 Tuesday
22nd		 Wed.
23.		 Thursday
24.		 Fr.
25.		 Sat.
26.		 Sun.
27.		 Mon.
28.		 Tuesday
29		 Wed.
30.		 Thursday
31		 Fr.
1.		 Sat.
2.		 So.
3.		 Decision-
disk-
applications
July August
Olympic rings without rims.svg Opening ceremony      
Basketball pictogram.svg basketball 1 1
Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing                     10 10
Fencing pictogram.svg fencing             1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7th
Football pictogram.svg Soccer   1 1
Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting 2 2 3         7th
Field hockey pictogram.svg hockey 1       1
Canoeing (flatwater) pictogram.svg canoe 4th 5         9
Athletics pictogram.svg athletics         3 5 4th 3 6th 2 4th 6th 33
Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon 2         2
Cycling Cycling (track) pictogram.svg train       1 3 4th
Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Street         2 2
Equestrian sport Equestrian Dressage pictogram.svg dressage                         2 2
Equestrian Jumping pictogram.svg Leap                         2 2
Equestrian Eventing pictogram.svg versatility                         2 2
Wrestling Wrestling Freestyle pictogram.svg Freestyle         8th 8th
Wrestling pictogram.svg Greco-Roman         8th 8th
Rowing pictogram.svg rowing 7th 7th
Shooting pictogram.svg shoot 1 1 1 1 3 7th
Swimming Swimming pictogram.svg swim         1 1 2 1 1 2 3 11
Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo         1 1
Diving pictogram.svg Diving         1 1 1 1 4th
Sailing pictogram.svg sailing 5       5
Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg do gymnastics       8th 6th 1 15th
Olympic rings without rims.svg Closing ceremony        
Demonstration competitions
Field handball    
Pesäpallo
decisions 3 13 4th 24 7th 5 5 16 8th 8th 2 4th 3 9 2 113
Mon.
14.		 Tuesday
15th		 Wed
16.		 Thursday
17.		 Fri.
18.		 Sat
19.		 Sun.
20.		 Mon.
21.		 Tuesday
22nd		 Wed.
23.		 Thursday
24.		 Fr.
25.		 Sat.
26.		 Sun.
27.		 Mon.
28.		 Tuesday
29		 Wed.
30.		 Thursday
31		 Fr.
1.		 Sat.
2.		 So.
3.
July August

Color legend

  • Opening ceremony
  • Competition day (no decisions)
  • Competition day (x decisions)
  • Closing ceremony

    • Demonstration sports

    In addition to the Olympic program, a game was shown in each of two sports for demonstration purposes:

    In field handball on the large field with eleven players, the Swedish team played against the Danish team and won 19:11 in front of 13,175 spectators. Sweden and Denmark were the top two teams at the 1948 World Field Handball Championship . The referee of the game was the German Siegfried Perrey .

    In the pesäpallo , the Finnish baseball variant, two Finnish teams competed against each other. Suomen Pesäpalloliitto won 8: 4 in front of 19,309 spectators against Työvypen Urheiluliitto .

    literature

    Web links

    Commons : 1952 Summer Olympics  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ (ed.) Monique Berlioux: China and Olympism . (PDF) In: International Olympic Committee (Ed.): Olympic Review . No. 190-191, August-September 1983, pp. 583-592. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
    2. ^ Sulo Kolkka: The Official Report of the Organization Committee for the Games of the XV Olympiad Helsinki 1952 . Ed .: The Organization Committee for the XV Olympiad Helsinki. Porvoo 1952, p. 32 ( la84foundation.org [PDF]).
    3. ^ Jörn Kleinhardt: Olympic Summer Games and the GDR. ddr-museum.de , August 11, 2016, accessed on November 14, 2017 .
    4. ^ The SAAR in Helsinki with its own crew. Saar-Nostalgie.de, accessed on November 14, 2017 .
    5. ↑ File: Olympische Sportarten.gif Status: 2012.
    6. ↑ Official IOC Report 1952 (PDF; 31.1 MB) Events and Demonstrations, p. 28 ff.
    7. ↑ Kluge: The Chronicle II . P. 282 and note 469 on p. 326
    8. ↑ Kluge: The Chronicle II . P. 282 and note 470 on p. 326