1984 Winter Olympics

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XIV. Olympic Winter Games
1984 Winter Olympics logo
Venue: Sarajevo ( Yugoslavia )
Stadion: Olimpijski Stadion Koševo
Opening ceremony: February 8, 1984
Closing ceremony: 19th February 1984
Opened by: Mika Špiljak (President)
Olympic oath : Bojan Križaj (athlete)
Dragan Perović (referee)
Disciplines: 10 (6 sports)
Competitions: 39
Countries: 49
Athletes: 1272, of which 274 women
← Lake Placid 1980
Calgary 1988 →
Medal table
space country G S. B. Ges.
1 Germany Democratic Republic 1949GDR GDR 9 9 6th 24
2 Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union 6th 10 9 25th
3 United StatesUnited States United States 4th 4th - 8th
4th FinlandFinland Finland 4th 3 6th 13
5 SwedenSweden Sweden 4th 2 2 8th
6th NorwayNorway Norway 3 2 4th 9
7th SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 2 2 1 5
8th Germany BRBR Germany BR Germany 2 1 1 4th
CanadaCanada Canada 2 1 1 4th
10 ItalyItaly Italy 2 - - 2
... ... ... ... ... ...
16 LiechtensteinLiechtenstein Liechtenstein - - 2 2
17th AustriaAustria Austria - - 1 1
Complete medal table
The Olympic Center on a GDR special postage stamp from 1983
Olympic symbol damaged by gunfire during the siege of Sarajevo

The 1984 Winter Olympics (also known as the XIV Winter Olympics ) were held from February 8 to 19, 1984 in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina ).

Choice of venue

Other candidate cities were Sapporo in Japan and Gothenburg in Sweden. The IOC chose Sarajevo in the second ballot. Initially, Sapporo was still the favorite, while Sarajevo was a surprise. These procedures took place on May 18, 1978 at the 80th IOC session in Athens; In the first ballot, Sapporo was 33 ahead of Sarajevo (31), Gothenburg (10) - with 2 abstentions.

Results of the ballots:

place country Ballot 1 Ballot 2
Sarajevo YugoslaviaYugoslavia Yugoslavia 31 39
Sapporo Japan 1870Japan Japan 33 36
Gothenburg SwedenSweden Sweden 10 -

Outstanding athletes

Worth mentioning

  • The opening ceremony took place at the Koševo Stadium in Sarajevo; The Games were officially opened by the Yugoslav President Mika Špiljak . The last torchbearer was the Yugoslav figure skater Sanda Dubravčić . The Yugoslav alpine rider Bojan Križaj and the Yugoslav alpine referee Dragan Perovic took the Olympic oath . The Olympic torch was carried by the sportswoman Sanda Dubravčić. - The closing ceremony on February 19 took place in the Zetra Hall at 8 p.m., during which IOC President Samaranch, who was the first President of the Olympic Games, gave a speech.
  • The games mascot was Vučko , a wolf. The newspaper readers of the Yugoslav press voted from a list of six proposals.
  • To prevent an impending power failure, a new distribution center was put into operation in Sarajevo. In the run-up to the Winter Games, the host country had electricity cuts due to the great economic difficulties, and there was no need to save during the Games.
  • In order to show the city of Sarajevo from its beautiful side, cleaning crews were on duty with four thousand young supporters. In the shops there were billboards and inscriptions with offers for pineapples, bananas and coffee - all goods that were not usually on the sales program. It was assumed that this was only a temporary matter.
  • According to the central computer of the University of Zagreb, more than two thirds of all 28,057 accreditations had already been issued seven days before the start of the games, with 68% (based on these two thirds) coming from members of the organizing committee, 1,582 journalists (36%) had already started their work - Until then, the rate of athletes arriving had only been 6%.
  • The large hill and many other sports facilities were badly damaged eight years later in the Bosnian War and are no longer used today.
  • According to official information from the organizing committee, the ratio of the number of athletes and coaches was almost equal at 1,590 to 1,333, with 13 of the 49 teams sending more officials than athletes (in Monaco, 5 coaches tried to find one athlete). But Austria, which with the USA (108) and Italy (102) had more than 100 officials, was far ahead in a corresponding rating with only 72 athletes. Costa Rica (2 biathletes), Puerto Rico (one tobogganist) and Senegal (one alpine racer) were represented without an accompanying person.
  • For the first time men and women were accommodated in two Olympic villages. These two “Olympic Villages”, the press center and the radio-TV center were handed over to their regulations on January 26th. The Mojmilo Olympic Village had 640 apartments. The "village mayor" of Seleskovic, Sabahudinb Seleskovic, welcomed eight athletes and officials from Canada, the GDR and the USSR as the first residents. Seleskovic had an area of ​​12 hectares of building land with 24 apartment blocks with 639 apartments and 2,100 beds, had a dining room for 800 people, a shop, a post office and a bank branch as well as leisure facilities such as a cinema, theater, discotheque, game room, TV room, cafeteria, Sports hall with sauna. A new facility was on the part of the IOC, namely offices for athlete advice such as doping and athlete participation.
  • On the regional "TV Sarajevo" program parts were broadcast daily in English and French. As of February 1, the city council of Sarajevo had issued major traffic restrictions: there were three zones in which you could only drive with the appropriate permit. Public transport was available around the clock.
  • In November 1983 the news had come that the competition sites were without snow and that the flowers were blooming there.
  • 49 nations were represented - the last to have (belatedly) the Virgin Islands, u. zw. for a speed skater, called. In contrast, Portugal and Denmark had withdrawn their reports.

Sporty aspects

  • The alpine ski team from Chile had come without skis, sticks and boots; they should only be bought on site.
  • The preparation of the athletes from the People's Republic of China, who took part in the winter games for the first time, took place with regard to their alpine, cross-country skiers and biathletes in Seefeld in Tyrol , the Japanese trained in Stubai (short for "Stubaital").
  • Austria's medal haul was catastrophic. Anton Steiner won the only medal with bronze in the alpine descent. Even the small neighboring country Liechtenstein had won two medals.
  • In ski jumping on the large hill, the 28-year-old Oberaudorfer B-team jumper Gerhard Schaare (FRG) achieved a larger distance than the bronze medalist Pavel Ploc (ČSSR) at 104.5 and 109.5 meters .
  • Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean received the then ideal grade of 6.0 in the B grade nine times for the freestyle after the music to Maurice Ravel's Boléro - that was the highest possible rating and the only time that this was achieved.
  • The American twin brothers Phil and Steve Mahre took the first two places in the alpine slalom , and with Bill Johnson as the downhill winner there were for the first time alpine gold medals for the US men at the Olympic Games - like the US ski association in the alpine area with additional gold in the Giant Slalom by Debbie Armstrong won the medal standings.

Incidentally, the Mahre twins announced their retirement here in Sarajevo on February 12th (this they took place after the World Cup races in Vail ).

  • Paoletta Magoni's gold in the slalom also meant an Alpine gold medal for the Italian women for the first time.
  • The GDR won the medal classification for the first time.
  • Alpine ski racers Ingemar Stenmark and Hanni Wenzel , among others, were not allowed to take part because they had professional licenses. The Austrian Marc Girardelli , who started for Luxembourg, was also missing . He wanted to compete for Austria, but it was not possible to change associations during the season (report from October 17, 1983).
  • The Greek singer Costa Cordalis wanted to participate as a cross-country skier. His first public appearance was on the TV show "Wetten, dass ...", produced by ZDF and taken over by ORF and SRG , with presenter Frank Elstner on December 10, 1983 when the star appeared on roller skis. However, he was not nominated by the Greek Olympic Committee.

Television rights / TV and radio

  • In the case of TV rights, the US TV giant ABC carried the lion's share of US $ 91 million (the price included program delays and breaks - although not officially, but according to the motto, “who pays, creates” were needed for advertisements to the USA TV audience), Western Europe had to raise US $ 6.83 million. In the run-up to this, however, there had been great general concern about the organization, which had increased with the death of Marshal Josip Broz Tito (May 12, 1980), because there was now no organizing hand in this multi-ethnic state with four independent republics and two autonomous provinces. The greatest difficulties had been in the area of ​​radio and television. The construction of the new center with 25 radio and 5 TV studios, which was later to be taken over by RTV Sarajevo , had begun in good time , but it was not until the end of 1982 that the eight program directors of the independent broadcasters within the JTR had agreed on a solution can. Accordingly, RTV Sarajevo had the opening ceremony, RTV Beograd bobsleigh and sledge competitions, RTV Ljubljana the alpine men’s, RTV Sarajevo and Titograd the women’s, RTV Novisad the Nordic area, RTV Pristina the ski jumping, RTV Skopje ice hockey in the hall and finally RTV Skenderija and RTV Zagreb ice hockey, figure skating, speed skating and the closing ceremony. 20 OB vans were ready to broadcast over 200 hours to a total of 57 radio and TV stations in 24 countries. Except for the compulsory figure skating competitions, all events were financially covered, but foreign help was necessary ( ABC provided 19 cameras for the men's downhill races in order to be able to show the upper part of the course - and, with the exception of bobsleigh and luge, were from US broadcaster supplied all commentary units with headphones and microphone that had actually been ordered for the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles). It was said that Yugoslav television would employ 1,600 people in Sarajevo during the Games, plus 520 from Western Europe.
  • As was the case last in Innsbruck 1976 , on February 7 the IOC accepted a protest by the USSR delegation against the stationing of Radio Free Europe .

Financial issues, visitor numbers

There were different amounts and notifications.

  • The Olympic city had expected 640,000 guests. The director of the travel company "Zoitours", George Mrkela, announced at the end of 1983 that 80% of the 800,000 tickets had been sold. As with the last soccer World Cup in Spain, the tickets could only be offered in packages together with accommodation. There were two categories of tickets - one for all competitions of a sport (around 670 DM for the alpine world) and a cheaper one at 163 DM, whereby the strategy was aimed at ensuring that the more expensive ones were intended for foreigners and the cheaper ones for the locals . The hotel bed prices, which were still available in December for around 67.9 DM, rose to 183 DM plus a 25% Olympic tax. However, those who were willing to stay in a hotel privately or about 60 km outside of the city got away with 51.5 DM. There were 50,000 overnight accommodations from hotel to private beds available within a 30 km radius. With around 400 orders until just before the end of the year, demand from the Federal Republic of Germany, the country with the largest share of tourists, was fairly restrained.
  • The organizing committee hoped that the games would lead to a winter sports boom (more tourists with “warm foreign exchange rain” from western countries). The raising of money was boosted with funds, citizens and companies could purchase shares. More than 1.2 million Yugoslav citizens, three thousand collectives and 55 companies took part, and 46 sponsorship agreements were concluded with foreign corporations. This covered 80% of the costs - the estimated sum of US $ 163 million could be reduced to 150 million.
  • According to the information computer in the press center, the cost of this major sporting event was put at 19.83 billion dinars (203 million US $), of which 1.9 billion dinars are projected to come from sponsors, licenses, TV rights, tickets and donations expected the rest to be shared by the city of Sarajevo, the republics and autonomous provinces and the state, of which 85.8% had to contend with Sarajevo and (the underdeveloped) Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Yugoslav state brought in 4.25 million DM and the rest had to be contributed by the other named states and provinces (of which it was said that they did this "with great displeasure, since they had nothing of it, while Sarajevo could boast"). However, the city of Sarajevo was hardly burdened with these financial circumstances, as its citizens had committed themselves in a referendum that was accepted by 93% to pay 2.5% of their salary for five years. Such a financing model was not uncommon in Yugoslavia because of the low tax revenue, because workers and employees only had to pay taxes from a monthly salary of 50,000 dinars (approx. 1,110 DM), but the average income was well below half this amount. Citizens were repeatedly asked to pay in this way for institutions that served the common good. In addition, many citizens and guest workers abroad had shown willingness to donate and donated 29.3 million DM to the organizing committee. The organizers expected DM 6 million from the Olympic lottery.
  • Regarding the costs for the Austrian delegation, there was a report that these amounted to 14 million schillings for athletes and 48 officials (the other supervisors were those from the equipment companies; they were paid by them), 11.5 million for the team , 2.5 million for the stay.

Sports facilities

The Olympic bobsleigh run on Trebević (2017)
The Olympic ski jumps on the Igman (2018)

Attendees

Europe (910 athletes from 28 nations)
America (206 athletes from 9 nations)
Asia (117 athletes from 7 nations)
  • Mongolia People's Republic 1949Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia  (4)
Oceania (16 athletes from 2 nations)
Africa (6 athletes from 3 nations)
  • Egypt 1972Egypt Egypt *  (1)
(Number of athletes) * Participation in winter games for the first time

A total of 1272 athletes (998 men and 274 women) from 49 countries took part in the competitions.

Egypt, Monaco, Puerto Rico, Senegal and the British Virgin Islands took part in the Winter Olympics for the first time.

Competition program

39 competitions (24 for men, 13 for women and 2 mixed competitions) in 6 sports / 10 disciplines were held. There was only one change in the Olympic program compared to Lake Placid in 1980 - in cross-country skiing , the 20km for women was added to the program. The number of sports / disciplines remained the same.

Olympic sports / disciplines

Number of competitions in brackets

Time schedule

Time schedule
discipline Tuesday
7th		 Wed.
8.		 Thursday
9		 Fr.
10.		 Sat
11.		 Sun.
12.		 Mon.
13.		 Tuesday
14		 Wed.
15.		 Thursday
16.		 Fri.
17.		 Sat
18.		 Sun.
19.		 Decision-
disk-
applications
February
Olympic rings without rims.svg Opening ceremony
Biathlon pictogram.svg biathlon 1 1 1 3
Bobsleigh pictogram.svg bob 1 1 2
Ice hockey pictogram.svg ice Hockey 1 1
Ice skating Figure skating pictogram.svg figure skating 1 1 1 1 4th
Speed ​​skating pictogram.svg Speed ​​skating 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Luge pictogram.svg Luge 2 1 3
Skiing Alpine skiing pictogram.svg Alpine skiing 1 1 2 1 1 6th

Nordic skiing		 Nordic combined pictogram.svg Nordic combination 1 1
Cross country skiing pictogram.svg Cross-country skiing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8th
Ski jumping pictogram.svg Ski jumping 1 1 2
Olympic rings without rims.svg Closing ceremony
Demonstration competitions
Alpine skiing for the disabled 4th 4th
decisions 2 3 2 7th 3 4th 3 5 2 5 3 39
Tuesday
7th		 Wed.
8.		 Thursday
9		 Fr.
10.		 Sat
11.		 Sun.
12.		 Mon.
13.		 Tuesday
14		 Wed.
15.		 Thursday
16.		 Fri.
17.		 Sat
18.		 Sun.
19.
February

Color legend

  • Opening ceremony
  • Competition day (no decisions)
  • Competition day (x decisions)
  • Exhibition running (figure skating gala)
  • Closing ceremony

    • Web links

    Commons : 1984 Winter Olympics  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Glossary "Olympic Splitter"; second article, in “Tiroler Tageszeitung” No. 29 from 4./5. February 1984, page 35; POS. Column 4
    2. ^ Glossary "Olympia Spezial" in "Kleine Zeitung" of February 8, 1984, page 34; POS .: fourth post
    3. ↑ gloss "Special Olympics" titled "Potenkimsches Olympic village?" In "Kleine Zeitung" of 10 February 1984, pages 30, 31
    4. ↑ Glossary "Olympic Splitter"; fourth and sixth article, in “Tiroler Tageszeitung” No. 30 of February 6, 1984, page 14; POS. Column 4
    5. ^ "Austria deserved the first medal" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 27 of February 2, 1984, page 15; POS .: Column 1, second heading
    6. ^ "Olympia opens its gates" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 22 of January 28, 1984, page 13
    7. ↑ Glossary "Olympic Splitter"; second and fifth article, in “Tiroler Tageszeitung” No. 26 of February 1, 1984, page 13; POS. Column 4
    8. ↑ Column 5, penultimate article: «No snow in Sarajevo» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna November 12, 1983, p. 19 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
    9. ↑ Glossary "Aufgegabelt"; last post . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 4, 1984, p. 28 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
    10. ↑ “Japans Skiartisten im Stubaital” in “Tiroler Tageszeitung”, special supplement No. 3 from January 17, 1984, page 8, below
    11. ^ "The twins unbuckle" in "Kleine Zeitung" of February 13, 1984; Page 13
    12. ^ "Olympia without Wenzel and Stenmark" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 257 of November 7, 1983, page 15; POS .: top left
    13. ↑ "Hear + See" . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna December 10, 1983, p. 24 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
    14. ^ "TV program" according to "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 285 of December 10/11, 1983, page 6
    15. ^ "And now to Sarajevo" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 298 of December 27, 1983, page 12; POS .: large title at the bottom right
    16. ^ Glossary "And that happened" with the title "Nachlaufspiele" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 42 of February 20, 1984, page 17; POS. Column 4, penultimate paragraph
    17. ↑ "1.8 billion for TV rights" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 9 of January 12, 1984, page 13
    18. ^ Glossary "Sarajewo aktuell" in "Kleine Zeitung" of February 6, 1984, page 26, penultimate article
    19. ^ Glossary "Sarajewo aktuell" in "Kleine Zeitung" from February 8, 1984, page 32, last article
    20. ^ "Sarajevo expects 640,000 guests" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 300 of December 29, 1983, page 14
    21. ^ "Only snow as a problem child" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 301 of December 30, 1983, page 14
    22. ↑ "Sarajevo saves for the Olympics" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 291 from 17./18. December 1983, page 29; POS .: middle box, last two paragraphs
    23. ↑ "Wage earners pay Olympia" in "Tiroler Tageszeitung" No. 26 of 4/5. February 1984, page 35
    24. ^ "How expensive is a 1984 Olympic medal?" In "Kleine Zeitung" of January 31, 1984, pages 36, 37