1928 Summer Olympics

Games of the IX. Olympics

Venue:	Amsterdam ( Netherlands )
Stadion:	Olympic Stadium Amsterdam
Opening ceremony:	May 17, 1928 ceremony on July 28th
Closing ceremony:	August 12, 1928
Opened by:	Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands
Olympic oath :	Harry Dénis (athlete)
Disciplines:	20 (14 sports)
Competitions:	109
Countries:	46
Athletes:	2883 (2606 , 277 )
← Paris 1924
Los Angeles 1932 →

Medal table
space	country	G	S.	B.	Ges.
1	United States	22nd	18th	16	56
2	German Empire	10	7th	14th	31
3	Finland	8th	8th	9	25th
4th	Sweden	7th	6th	12	25th
5	Italy	7th	5	7th	19th
6th	Switzerland	7th	4th	4th	15th
7th	France	6th	10	5	21st
8th	Netherlands	6th	9	4th	19th
9	Hungary	4th	5	-	9
10	Canada	4th	4th	7th	15th
...	...	...	...	...	...
19th	Austria	2	-	1	3
Complete medal table

The 1928 Summer Olympics (officially called the IX. Olympiad Games ) took place in the Stadionbuurt district of Amsterdam in the Netherlands . The only other candidate city was Los Angeles ( USA ), which four years later hosted the Summer Olympics.

Highlights

View of the Olympic Stadium during the opening ceremony

Dutch postage stamps (1928)

• The main venue was the Olympic Stadium designed by Dutch architect Jan Wils in the style of the Amsterdam School .
• For the first time the Olympic flame was lit; also for the first time pigeons rose.
• At the opening ceremony on July 28th, the invasion of the athletes was led by Greece and ended by the team of the Netherlands . This order, Greece at the beginning and the host nation at the end, became part of the Olympic protocol.
• The games were officially opened by the Dutch Prince Heinrich zu Mecklenburg . The Dutch footballer Henri Denis took the athlete's oath .
• Germany was allowed to participate again for the first time after the end of the First World War .
• Germany won gold in an Olympic team sport for the first time by winning the water polo .

Outstanding athletes

• Johnny Weissmüller , who later made a career as a Tarzan actor in Hollywood, won two gold medals in swimming.
• Paavo Nurmi won his last three medals from a total of twelve.

Worth mentioning

• Women's athletics competitions for the first time (100 m, 800 m, 4 × 100 m relay, high jump, discus throw). 101 athletes from 18 nations took part, the largest teams were the USA with 17 and Germany with 16 athletes.
• In the years between 1912 and 1948, medals for artistic achievements in 18 areas were also awarded at seven Olympic Games. In 1928 there were the following award-winning art competitions: Architectural drafts, urban planning drafts, sculpture / sculptures, medals and plaques, painting and graphics, drawings and watercolors, other graphic art, literature / poetry of all kinds, lyric works and music (with the subdivisions into music every Art, vocal compositions, compositions for one instrument and compositions for orchestra).
• Ibrahim Moustafa was the first Egyptian to win a gold medal (Greco-Roman wrestling).
• The Italian Luigina Giavotti was the youngest medalist; she won silver with the gymnastics team at the age of 11 years and 302 days.
• For the first time the broadcasting rights had been sold exclusively. The Dutch agency Vaz Dias had secured the rights. For cost reasons, the German broadcasters could not afford a live broadcast (as a subcontractor). In 1936 this served as a precedent by which the exclusive exploitation of the rights by the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was legitimate.

Competition program

The football and hockey games were played from May to June. All other competitions took place from July 28th to August 12th. 109 competitions (92 for men, 14 for women and 3 open competitions) in 14 sports / 20 disciplines were held. That was 17 competitions and 3 sports / 3 disciplines in Paris in 1924 . The changes are detailed below:

• Hockey was again Olympic in 1924 after a break in Paris.
• Women's debut in athletics with 100 m, 800 m, 4 × 100 m relay, high jump and discus throw - the men did away with 10,000 m walking, 3000 m team running, cross-country running, cross-country team and pentathlon.
• Polo has been withdrawn from the program.
• In track cycling , the men's time trial was added - the men's 50 km were dropped. In road cycling , road racing replaced the men's individual time trial.
• In dressage , the team ranking for men has been added.
• Rugby Union (a variant of rugby) has been removed from the Olympic program.
• Shooting (10 competitions) was missing in Amsterdam in 1928.
• In water diving, diving was simply not done by men.
• In sailing , the open class 12-foot dinghy replaced the Monotype 1924 class.
• Tennis 5 competitions has been removed from the Olympic program.
• Women's debut in apparatus gymnastics with the team all-around competition. In the case of the men, there was no pelvic jump and rope hanging.

Olympic sports / disciplines

• Boxing total (8) = men (8)
• Fencing total (7) = men (6) / women (1)
• Football total (1) = men (1)
• Weightlifting total (5) = men (5)
• Hockey total (1) = men (1)
• Athletics total (27) = men (22) / women (5)
• Modern pentathlon total (1) = men (1)
• Cycling
  • Track total (4) = men (4)
  • Road total (2) = men (2)
• horse riding
  • Dressage total (2) = men (2)
  • Jumping total (2) = men (2)
  • Versatility Overall (2) = Men (2)
• Wrestling
  • Freestyle total (7) = men (7)
  • Greco-Roman total (6) = men (6)
• Rowing total (7) = men (7)
• Swimming
  • Swimming total (11) = men (6) / women (5)
  • Water polo total (1) = men (1)
  • Diving total (4) = men (2) / women (2)
• Sailing total (3) = Open (3)
• Gymnastics total (8) = men (7) / women (1)

Number of competitions in brackets

Time schedule

May June

Time schedule
discipline		Thursday 17.	Fri. 18.	Sat 19.	Sun. 20.	Mon. 21.	Tuesday 22nd	Wed. 23.	Thursday 24.	Fr. 25.	Sat. 26.	Sun. 27.	Mon. 28.	Tuesday 29	Wed. 30.	Thursday 31	Fr. 1.	Sat. 2.	So. 3.	Mon. 4.	Tuesday 5th	Wed. 6.	Thursday 7.	Fri. 8.	Sat. 9.	Sun 10.	Mon. 11.	Tuesday 12	Wed. 13.	Decision- disk- applications
		May															June
hockey											1																			1
Soccer																													1	1
decisions											1																		1	2
		Thursday 17.	Fri. 18.	Sat 19.	Sun. 20.	Mon. 21.	Tuesday 22nd	Wed. 23.	Thursday 24.	Fr. 25.	Sat. 26.	Sun. 27.	Mon. 28.	Tuesday 29	Wed. 30.	Thursday 31	Fr. 1.	Sat. 2.	So. 3.	Mon. 4.	Tuesday 5th	Wed. 6.	Thursday 7.	Fri. 8.	Sat. 9.	Sun 10.	Mon. 11.	Tuesday 12	Wed. 13.
		May															June

July August

Time schedule
discipline		Mon. 28.	Tuesday 29	Wed. 30.	Thursday 31	Fr. 1.	Sat. 2.	So. 3.	Mon. 4.	Tuesday 5th	Wed. 6.	Thursday 7.	Fri. 8.	Sat. 9.	Sun 10.	Mon. 11.	Tuesday 12	Decision- disk- applications
		July				August
Opening ceremony
Boxing																8th		8th
fencing				1		2				1		1		1		1		7th
Weightlifting			5															5
athletics			3	3	4th	4th	4th	2	2	5								27
Modern pentathlon									1									1
Cycling	train									1	3							4th
	Street											2						2
Equestrian sport	dressage															2		2
	Leap																2	2
	versatility															2		2
Wrestling	Freestyle					7th												7th
	Greco-Roman									6th								6th
rowing															7th			7th
Swimming	swim										2		1	4th		4th		11
	Water polo 1														1	B.		1
	Diving												1	1		2		4th
sailing													1	2				3
do gymnastics													2	3	3			8th
Closing ceremony
Demonstration competitions
Kaatsen
Korfball
lacrosse
decisions			8th	4th	4th	13	4th	2	3	13	5	3	5	11	11	19th	2	107
		Mon. 28.	Tuesday 29	Wed. 30.	Thursday 31	Fr. 1.	Sat. 2.	So. 3.	Mon. 4.	Tuesday 5th	Wed. 6.	Thursday 7.	Fri. 8.	Sat. 9.	Sun 10.	Mon. 11.	Tuesday 12
		July				August

¹In water polo, the Olympic champion was initially determined in a tournament. Then the losers played in a "consolation round" for the bronze medal.

Color legend

Opening ceremony

Competition day (no decisions)

Competition day (x decisions)

Competition day ("consolation round" (see Bergvall system ))

Closing ceremony

Furthermore, 13 art competitions were held. Demonstration sports were Kaatsen ( Jeu de Paume ), korfball and lacrosse .

Attendees

Participating Nations

Team strength

A total of 46 nations took part in the 1928 Summer Olympics. Germany was allowed to participate again for the first time since the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm . It was the first ever participation for Malta, Panama and Rhodesia.

Europe (2,565 athletes from 29 nations)
Belgium (186)  Bulgaria (5)  Denmark (91)  German Empire (296)  Estonia (20)  Finland (69)  France (255)  Greece (23)  Great Britain (232)  Ireland (27)	Italy (174)  Yugoslavia (34)  Latvia (14)  Lithuania (12)  Luxembourg (46)  Malta * (9)  Monaco (7)  Netherlands (264)  Norway (52)  Austria (73)	Poland (93)  Portugal (31)  Romania (29)  Sweden (100)  Switzerland (133)  Spain (80)  Czechoslovakia (70)  Turkey (31)  Hungary (109)
America (524 athletes from 9 nations)
Argentina (81)  Chile (38)  Haiti (2)	Canada (69)  Cuba (1)  Mexico (30)	Panama * (1)  Uruguay (22)  United States (280)
Asia (68 athletes from 3 nations)
British India (21)	Japan (43)	Philippines (4)
Africa (58 athletes from 3 nations)
Egypt (32)	Rhodesia * (2)	South African Union (24)
Oceania (28 athletes from 2 nations)
Australia (18)	New Zealand (10)
(Number of athletes) * Participation in Summer Olympics for the first time

literature

• Carl Schelenz , Karl Scharping: Germany's Olympic fighters 1928 , Wilhelm-Limpert-Verlag, Dresden, 1928.

Web links

Commons : 1928 Summer Olympics  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• Side of the IOC at the 1928 Summer Olympics (English)
• Official report (PDF; 77.8 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Official report on the 1928 Summer Olympics (page 82; PDF; 81.6 MB)
2. ↑ ^{a b c} page of the IOC on the 1928 Summer Olympics (English), accessed on September 27, 2012
3. ^ Arnd Krüger : Germany and the Olympic Movement (1918–1945). In: Horst Ueberhorst (Ed.): History of physical exercises. Volume 3/2: Physical exercise and sport in Germany from the First World War to the present. Bartels & Wernitz, Berlin a. a. 1982, ISBN 3-87039-054-9 , 1026-1047.