Olympic Winter Games 1924

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I. Winter Olympic Games
1924 Winter Olympics poster
Venue: Chamonix ( France )
Stadion: Stade Olympique
Opening ceremony: January 25, 1924
Closing ceremony: February 5, 1924
Opened by: Gaston Vidal (Undersecretary for
Physical Education)
Olympic oath : Camille Mandrillon (athlete)
Disciplines: 9 (6 sports)
Competitions: 16
Countries: 16
Athletes: 294, including 13 women
St. Moritz 1928 →
Medal table
space country G S. B. Ges.
1 NorwayNorway Norway 4th 7th 6th 17th
2 FinlandFinland Finland 4th 3 3 10
3 AustriaAustria Austria 2 1 - 3
4th United States 48United States United States 1 2 1 4th
5 United Kingdom 1801United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britain 1 1 2 4th
6th SwedenSweden Sweden 1 1 - 2
7th SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 1 - 1 2
8th Canada 1921Canada Canada 1 - - 1
9 FranceFrance France - - 2 2
10 BelgiumBelgium Belgium - - 1 1
Complete medal table

The 1924 Winter Olympics (also known as the I. Winter Olympics ) took place from January 25 to February 5, 1924 in Chamonix ( France ). The competitions of Chamonix were originally called International Winter Sports Week as part of the Olympic Games in 1924 of Paris declared. Subsequently, at its 26th meeting on May 6, 1926, the IOC decided to retrospectively give the Chamonix competitions the status of the 1st  Winter Olympic Games .

Germany , which was seen as the cause of the First World War and in particular as a former aggressor against France, had not received an invitation to the Games of the VIII Olympiad in Paris six years after the end of the war and was therefore not allowed to send winter sports enthusiasts to Chamonix.

At the Olympic Winter Games in 1924 competitions were held in seven sports, and an honorary award was also awarded. Women only competed in figure skating .

organization

The 1924 Olympic Games were awarded to Paris , so the French National Olympic Committee had to select the winter sports location. It had Gérardmer (Vosges), superbagnères (Pyrenees) and Chamonix (Alps) advertised. The choice fell on Chamonix, which could not only offer the Alpine and Nordic programs, but above all also had a newly constructed train station, making it easier for tourists to popularize and refinance the games. This established an important Olympic tradition. The organizing committee, consisting of nine members including the President Count Justinien de Clary, was founded on May 9, 1922 in Paris. It was the same organizing committee that had to organize the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. The person responsible for winter sports was A. Maucourt.

The total income from the games amounted to 626,936.75 francs, of which the proceeds from the tickets, 100,045.20 francs, made up around one sixth. The French government provided the remaining 519,055.95 francs. The expenses amounted to 100,045.20 francs without taking into account the cost of the construction work.

Attendees

13 female and 281 female athletes from 16 countries had registered. An athlete from Estonia also reported and his flag was carried into the stadium at the opening ceremony. But he was missing from the competitions.

Participating nations
gray: no participation
green: 1–10 athletes
blue: 11–20 athletes
yellow: 21–30 athletes
red: more than 30 athletes
Europe (258 athletes from 15 countries)
America (36 athletes from 2 countries)
(Number of athletes)
* first participation in winter games

Competition program

The international winter sports week lasted 13 days from January 24th to February 5th. 16 decisions (14 for men, 1 for women and 1 mixed competition) were held in 6 sports / 9 disciplines and an honorary award for alpinism was also awarded. The status of the curling and military patrol competitions (early form of biathlon ) as an official sport or demonstration sport is controversial. In the 1924 IOC report, however, all 16 competitions are treated in the same way and medal winners in curling and military patrol are listed in the IOC database.

  • Biathlon became part of the Olympic program with its predecessor military patrol .
  • Bob was represented with the men's four-man bobsleigh.
  • The team sport curling was also part of the program in Chamonix.
  • Ice hockey was already Olympic at the 1920 Summer Games and was also part of the program for the first Winter Olympic Games.
  • The figure skating was olympic already at the Summer Games in 1908 and 1920 and was with the single ladies and men and the pair of running in the program of Chamonix there.
  • Speed ​​skating was Olympic with the 500 m, 1000 m, 5000 m, 10,000 m and an all-around event for men.
  • The ski sport was with the 18 km and 50 km cross-country skiing , ski jumping from the normal hill and the Nordic combination of jumping from the normal hill and the 18 km cross-country skiing in the Olympic program.

Olympic sports / disciplines

Number of competitions in brackets

Time schedule

Time schedule
discipline Thursday
24. 		Fr.
25. 		Sat.
26. 		Sun.
27. 		Mon.
28. 		Tuesday
29 		Wed.
30. 		Thursday
31 		Fri.
01. 		Sat
02. 		Sunday
03. 		Mon.
04. 		Tuesday
05. 		Decision-
disk-
applications
January February
Olympic rings without rims.svg Opening ceremony
Bobsleigh pictogram.svg bob 1 1
Curling pictogram.svg Curling 1 1
Ice hockey pictogram.svg ice Hockey 1 1
Ice skating Figure skating pictogram.svg figure skating 1 1 1 3
Speed ​​skating pictogram.svg Speed ​​skating 2 3 5
Military patrol pictogram.svg Military patrol 1 1

Nordic skiing		 Nordic combined pictogram.svg Nordic combination 1 1
Cross country skiing pictogram.svg Cross-country skiing 1 1 2
Ski jumping pictogram.svg Special jumping 1 1
Olympic rings without rims.svg Closing ceremony
decisions 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 16
Thursday
24. 		Fr.
25. 		Sat.
26. 		Sun.
27. 		Mon.
28. 		Tuesday
29 		Wed.
30. 		Thursday
31 		Fri.
01. 		Sat
02. 		Sunday
03. 		Mon.
04. 		Tuesday
05.
January February

Color legend

  • Opening ceremony
  • Competition day (no decisions)
  • Competition day (x decisions)
  • Closing ceremony

    • Ceremonies

    Opening ceremony

    Dušan Zinaja at the opening ceremony

    The opening ceremony took place on January 24, 1924 at 2:30 p.m. in the Stade Olympique in front of 287 spectators. The games were officially opened by Gaston Vidal . The athlete's oath was taken by the French military patrol runner Camille Mandrillon .

    Closing ceremony

    The graduation ceremony took place on February 5, 1924. The Secretary General of the NOC France presented commemorative medals. These were made in an edition of 2000 pieces based on a design by Raoul Bénard . There was also a speech by IOC President Pierre de Coubertin .

    Competition venues

    All competitions were held in Chamonix.

    Competitions

    Bobsleigh

    → Main article: Bob

    The bobsleigh competition took place on February 2nd and 3rd on the natural track Piste de bobsleigh des Pélerins . This track had a length of 1464.97 meters and consisted of 19 curves. The difference in altitude between start and finish was 156.29 meters. On February 2, there were 1540 spectators and on February 3, 1854 spectators. Four rounds were driven, the times of which were added to a total time. Both four and five-man bobsleighs were allowed to take part.

    Nine teams from five countries competed. In the first run, three bobsleighs crashed and gave up. The four-man bobsleigh, controlled by Eduard Scherrer ( Switzerland II ), which he called Acrobate , had extremely wide runners, which gave it advantages in the weather. He reached speeds of up to 70.2 kilometers per hour and won the competition ahead of the four-man bobsleigh driven by Ralph Broome ( Great Britain II ). The best-placed five-man bobsleigh Belgium I won the bronze medal, steered by Charles Mulder .

    Curling

    → Main article: Curling

    Although there was no official decision about it, the curling tournament from the 1924 Winter Games was later included in almost all statistics as a demonstration sport. It was not until February 2006 that the IOC declared curling an official competition at the Olympic Winter Games and awarded the medals retrospectively. The team from Great Britain was made up of athletes TS Robertson-Aikman, Delaval Astley, William Brown, William K. Jackson, John McLeod, Thomas Murray, Laurence Jackson and Robin Welsh. Teams from France and Sweden took part in the competition. A Glasgow newspaper had during the XX. 2006 Olympic Winter Games of Turin submitted supporting evidence that curling was not a demonstration sport at the time. Thus the British team was officially declared an Olympic champion posthumously 82 years later.

    ice Hockey

    → Main article: Ice hockey

    The tournament, which was also the second IIHF - Ice Hockey World Championship , took place from January 28th to February 3rd. Eight teams took part in the preliminary round in two groups of four teams. The first two of the group moved into the final round. The results of the direct comparison were taken into the final group. Canada won the gold medal ahead of the USA and Great Britain. The Canadians and Americans dominated the tournament. They scored 110 and 73 goals with only 3 and 6 goals respectively. The European teams had no chance.

    figure skating

    Gillis Grafström in figure skating in 1924

    → Main article: Figure skating

    The figure skating competitions took place from January 28th to 31st. They were held at the same time as the ice hockey games at the Stade Olympique . A compulsory and a freestyle round were carried out in the women's and men's competitions. The pair skating competition consisted only of a five-minute freestyle. The Austrian participants won two gold and one silver medal. Gillis Grafström from Sweden won the men's competition.

    Speed ​​skating

    → Main article: Speed ​​skating

    The speed skating competitions took place on January 26th and 27th in the Stade Olympique on a 400-meter natural ice rink in front of 4600 spectators. The medals were awarded in five competitions.

    Military patrol

    → Main article: Military patrol

    The military patrol was part of the ski competition in 1924 and was never officially held as a demonstration competition. Nevertheless, it is still referred to as such in almost all statistics today. It was not until 1928 that it appeared in the official St. Moritz Olympic report alongside skijoring as a demonstration competition.

    Nordic skiing

    → Main article: Nordic skiing

    Anders Haugen (USA) was fourth in ski jumping behind Thorleif Haug . In 1974 the jury found a miscalculation and Anne-Marie Magnusson, Thorleif Haug's daughter, presented the now 86-year-old, 50 years late, with the bronze medal on September 12, 1974 in the Holmenkollen House in Oslo. The Norwegian Haug won both competitions in cross-country skiing (18 and 50 kilometers) as well as in Nordic combined.

    Alpinism honorary award

    → Main article: Honorary award

    At its founding congress in 1894, the IOC had already decided to award a prize for alpinism ( Prix ​​olympique d'alpinisme ). This was given for the first time in 1924 by the participants of the British Mount Everest Expedition in 1922 under the direction of Brigadier Charles G. Bruce .

    Outstanding athletes

    • Clas Thunberg (Finland) became the most successful athlete of the Games in speed skating with three gold, one silver and one bronze medals .
    • Thorleif Haug (Norway) won three gold and one bronze medals in Nordic skiing competitions , "King of the Skis" and the second best athlete at the Games. The bronze medal was stripped of him 50 years later, when it was found at a meeting of the still living Olympians in 1974 that the jury had been caught by a calculation error.
    • Roald Larsen (Norway) also won five medals in speed skating with two silver and three bronze medals.
    • The American Charles Jewtraw won the 500 m speed skating on January 26, 1924 and became the first Olympic champion at the Winter Games.
    • At 11 years and 196 days, Sonja Henie (Norway) was the youngest participant in the Winter Games. She was eighth in figure skating and won the gold medal in each of the three following Winter Games. Because of her carefree demeanor and her age, she became a crowd favorite.
    • Carl August Kronlund (Sweden) was the oldest participant in the Games at 58 years and 155 days. He and his team won the silver medal in curling .

    reporting

    88 journalists from 14 countries were accredited to report for the 1st Winter Olympic Games .

    literature

    Web links

    Commons : 1924 Winter Olympics  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Arnd Krüger (1996). The History of the Olympic Winter Games. The Invention of a Tradition. Matti Goksör, Gerd von der Lippe, Kristian Mo (eds.): Winter Games - Warm Traditions. Oslo: Norsk Idrettshistorisk Vörening 1996, pp. 101-122.
    2. ↑ http://www.aafla.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1924/1924.pdf
    3. ↑ IOC report 1924, Le sport d'hiver, p. 643ff. Retrieved February 25, 2014 .
    4. ↑ Chamonix 1924 Winter Olympics. Retrieved February 25, 2014 .