Grigori Alexejewitsch Jawlinski

Grigori Jawlinski (2011)

Grigori Alexejewitsch Jawlinski ( Russian Григо́рий Алексе́евич Явли́нский ; born April 10, 1952 in Lviv , now Ukraine ) is a Russian liberal politician and economist . He was chairman of the Yabloko party from 1993 to 2008 and was his party's presidential candidate several times.

biography

Jawlinski grew up in Lviv . His father was an officer in the Soviet Army , his mother a chemist. In 1969, Jawlinski began studying economics at the Plekhanov Academy of Economics in Moscow with a focus on labor economics and graduated in 1973. He then worked there as a research assistant and defended his dissertation on the subject of "The perfecting of the division of labor among workers in the chemical industry". In 1976 he moved to a research institute for coal mining, where he worked in the human resources department. From 1980 to 1984 Jawlinski worked as the head of the heavy industry department in the State Labor and Social Research Institute and from 1984 to 1989 as a department head in the Soviet State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs. In 1989 he was appointed to the Council of Ministers of the USSR , where he worked on the conception of economic reforms under the sign of " perestroika ".

Political career

In 1990 Jawlinski worked with several other economic experts , including the later Finance Minister Mikhail Sadornov in the RSFSR Council of Ministers, a reform program for the liberalization of the Soviet economy, which was named 500 days . The program aimed at a rapid transition from a planned economy to a market economy , while social benefits should be guaranteed. This program was approved by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, but failed because of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , which relied on an economic program of the Prime Minister of the USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov . This program stipulated that heavy industry, the energy sector and banks would remain in state hands under the control of the CPSU . Finally, on the initiative of the head of state Mikhail Gorbachev , a compromise program was agreed that contained concepts from the two programs. Jawlinski rejected this compromise and therefore resigned from his post in the Council of Ministers on October 17, 1990.

Jawlinski meets with People in 1997

Thereupon he founded an economic research institute, which developed another reform program in 1991, which however was not implemented. After the August putsch , in which Jawlinski supported Boris Yeltsin , Gorbachev appointed Jawlinski as deputy prime minister, who was responsible for reforms of the Soviet Union's economy, which has now almost come to a standstill. His working group developed a concept for a unified economic area for the former Soviet republics, which Boris Yeltsin rejected. After the final dissolution of the Soviet Union , Jawlinski resigned from the government.

In 1992 he again proposed a liberalization program as an alternative to the economic reforms of that time under Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar . However, this was only implemented on a trial basis in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast with the governor Boris Nemtsov . In the 1993 Duma elections, Jawlinski refused to join an election bloc with other democratic reformers, including the Gaidar group. An alliance of both groups would have clearly won the election; But as it was, the Liberal Democratic Party of Vladimir Shirinovsky was victorious . Jawlinski was then blamed by other reformers for the split in the democracy movement.

During the First Chechen War , Jawlinski appeared against Yeltsin's policies several times and tried to negotiate with rebel chief Jokhar Dudayev . In 2001 he stated that at heart Putin was a Soviet person and therefore in good company; all heads of government up to then had been former members of the Central Committee of the KpdSU or high officials of the secret service KGB : The misfortune that befell the Russians did not come from NATO , not from the Americans or “the Jews ”. It comes from its own political elite.

In August 2014 he complained that the political leadership was making purely political decisions without considering the economy; the goal is only to preserve the system with its corruption, TV lies and self-adulation. In 2015 he wrote that the war, which was openly waged in Ukraine, was in fact waged throughout the former Soviet Union. In Novaya Gazeta , the pacifist formulated an analogy between the last 5 years of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the events in 2014. The situation in Russia in 2014 with its backward orientation was not only in the political sense, but - as a victim of politics - also in the economic sense not the slightest positive perspective. The business world understood that this policy was leading to a crisis, but it was linked in a deadly way to government policy.

In the summer of 2017 he began collecting signatures for the withdrawal of Russian troops from Syria. The underlying idea was that it was necessary to end the adventures of foreign policy in order to solve the internal problems in the social and economic field.

Yabloko

In 1993 Jawlinski founded Jabloko , which was initially registered as an electoral bloc and later as a political party. In the parliamentary elections in 1993 , Yabloko received 7.86% of the vote.

In the 1996 and 2000 elections, Jawlinski ran for the presidential election, but did not get over 7.4% and 5.8% of the vote. The Yabloko party was represented in the Duma from 1993 to 2003. In the 2003 elections she missed the five percent hurdle with 4.3% , as was the case in the 2007 Duma elections , when Yabloko missed the threshold clause raised to 7% with 1.7%.

On June 22, 2008, Jawlinski resigned as chairman of the party. His successor was Sergei Mitrochin , who until then had headed the Moscow regional department of Yabloko. In the 2011 Duma elections , Yabloko again missed the threshold, which was raised to 7%, with 3.43%. Nevertheless, the party got more than at the previous elections, which guarantees it state funding. Yabloko also managed to send MPs to three regions, including the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg : here the party received 12.5 percent of the vote and 6 seats. Jawlinski, who also headed the party list at these elections, has agreed to head the Yabloko faction in St. Petersburg. He received the mandate on December 14, 2011.

Electoral commission prevents candidacy in 2012

After the announcement of his candidacy for the presidential elections on March 4, 2012 , he was refused admission to the presidential election in January 2012 because, according to the Russian election administration, around 25% of the two million supporters' signatures were forged.

Others

Jawlinski lives in Moscow, is married and has two grown sons.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Biographical information, unless otherwise stated, according to the website Jawlinskis Kratkaja biografija www.yavlinsky.ru
2. ↑ Programma “500 dnej” (1990) ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. yabloko.ru 
3. ^ Burkhard Touché: Economic and political conceptions in the Soviet Union in the course of change. Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 1993, pp. 185–192.
4. ^ Richard Rose / Neil Munro: Elections Without Order: Russia's Challenge to Vladimir Putin. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 115.
5. ↑ Rezul'taty wyborov v Dumu I sozyva website of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation
6. ↑ The Russian political scientist Kirill Rogov wrote about him: " Jawlinski is known for his unwillingness to coordinate his strategy with other forces of the opposition ", Putin's tired power, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung , September 26, 2016, p. 2.
7. ↑ Stegherr, Marc, Liesem, Kerstin: The Media in Eastern Europe - Media Systems in the Transformation Process, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, ISBN 978-3-531-17482-2 , page 326
8. ↑ Jawlinski's homepage ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , August 20, 2014; "the economic potential of the present political system has been exhausted and there are no signs that the leaders of the country think about thorough economic reforms or at least steps towards them. Instead of this they adopt only" political "decisions targeted at one thing only : so that not to change anything, preserve the system of budget partitioning, kickbacks, budget stealing, TV lies and endless self-admiration. " 
9. ↑ Jawlinski's homepage ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2. March 2015; "The war's location is far broader than the area of ​​military operations in east Ukraine. It covers the whole of Russia and the former USSR. 
10. ↑ Grigory YAVLINSKY: Economy cannot survive these political decisions ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Novaya Gazeta, February 9, 2015; "This situation does not have even the least positive perspective. (...) The economy of our country was made a victim of policy."  
11. ↑ "Time to Go Home" , Novaya Gazeta, July 1, 2017
12. ↑ Moscow accuses Ashton of meddling in the election process in Russia at RIA Novosti on February 2, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Grigori Jawlinski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website yavlinsky.ru