Nikolai Ivanovich Ryschkow

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Nikolai Ryschkow, 2019

Nikolai Iwanowitsch Ryschkow ( Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Рыжко́в , scientific transliteration Nikolaj Ivanovič Ryžkov ; born September 28, 1929 in Dylijiwka , Ukrainian SSR , today in Torezk , Ukraine ) is a Soviet or Russian politician. During the tenure of General Secretary Gorbachev he was chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1985 to 1991 and thus head of government of the Soviet Union .

Life

Ryzhkov rose from the welder of a factory in Sverdlovsk to the chief engineer and head of a railway department and became a mine director. He also attended the Urals Polytechnic Engineering Institute in Sverdlovsk and received his diploma in 1959. He was then deputy director and from 1965 to 1970 chief engineer of the Ultramaxzavod in Sverdlovsk, 1970 to 1971 director and 1971 to 1975 general director of the Uralmash combine for heavy engineering .

He joined the CPSU in 1956. In 1974 he was elected to the Union Soviet of the Supreme Soviet and received the office of Secretary of the Commission for Economic Planning and Budget. From 1975 he was also deputy minister for heavy and transport machinery and from 1979 first deputy chairman of the state planning commission Gosplan . In 1981 - sponsored by Andropov - he became a member of the Central Committee (ZK) of the CPSU without being a candidate , 1982 to 1985 Secretary and Head of the Economic Department of the Central Committee and 1985 to 1991 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. From April 1985 to 1990, under Mikhail Gorbachev, he was a full member of the highest political body, the Politburo, and from September 27, 1985, he was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers as the successor to Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Tichonow .

Ryzhkov was more of a technocrat without a distinctive political profile. But he supported Gorbachev in his attempt to decentralize planning , introduce new forms of economy and new technologies. In contrast, he was very reluctant to advocate the introduction of perestroika (transformation) and the new market mechanisms.

On the XXVIII. At the CPSU party congress in July 1990, Ryzhkov lost his seat in the Politburo. In 1991 he was replaced as head of government by Valentin Pavlov . In the first Russian presidential election in 1991 , he ran unsuccessfully for the Communist Party.

After the end of the Soviet Union , Ryzhkov was elected to the Duma in December 1993 and in 1996 chairman of the left-wing Patriotic Russian People's Party. He has been a member of the Federation Council since 2003 .

Awards

Works

  • XXVII. Congress of the CPSU - On the main directions of economic and social development of the USSR from 1986 to 1990 and for the period up to the year 2000. Rapporteur: NI Ryshkov. Progress Publishing House, Moscow 1986.
  • Do NATO crimes go unpunished? Conversation with the Russian politician Nikolai Ryshkov. In: Junge Welt . 4th August 1998.
  • "... I refuse to appear". Opinion of the Milosevic witness Nikolai Ryshkov on the violation of the Hague law. In: Junge Welt . September 9, 2004.
  • главный свидетель ("The Crown Witness"). Algoritm, Moscow 2010, ISBN 978-5-699-37037-5 .

literature

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Nikolai Tikhonov Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
1985–1991 		Valentin Pavlov
personal data
SURNAME Ryschkow, Nikolai Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Рыжко́в, Никола́й Ива́нович (Russian); Ryžkov, Nikolaj Ivanovič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian politician and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Dyliyivka