Gosplan

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Gosplan ( Russian Госпла́н ; IPA : [gʌˈsplan] ) was the committee for economic planning in the Soviet Union , comparable to the State Planning Commission in the GDR. The word "Gosplan" is a acronym : The full name of the institution changed frequently, mostly in connection with changing subordination of the Committee, a basic component, however, was from 1923 to 1948 and from 1955 to 1957 Gos sudarstwennaja plan owaja komissija (Russian Государственная плановая комиссия , literally State Planning Commission ), from 1948 to 1955 and from 1957 to 1991 Gos sudarstwenny plan owy komitet (Russian Государственный плановый комитет , literally State Planning Committee ). The main tasks lay in drawing up the five-year plans for the USSR.

history

The Gosplan was established by decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on February 22, 1921. The original goal of the newly created organization was the implementation of the GOELRO electrification plan and the restructuring of the national economy . In the first few years the task was to draw up plans for the development of foreign trade and transport. Over time, an institution that was only intended as a provisional arrangement became a firmly established structure of the state administration, whose main task from 1927 was the development of the five-year plan of the USSR. For this purpose, a central commission for future planning was established within the Gosplan, which was headed by leading economic experts. In the same year all similar organizations in other Soviet republics were subordinated to the Central Gosplan in Moscow.

From 1930 to 1948, in addition to his other tasks, Gosplan was responsible for carrying out statistical surveys and, from 1939 to 1948, was in control of innovation and rationalization measures in the economy.

During the Second World War , Gosplan directed all plans to mobilize and convert the economy to war production and coordinated the relocation of hundreds of factories from the western regions of the Soviet Union affected by the German advance to the eastern regions, to Central Asia and Siberia . Gosplan was responsible for distributing strategically important resources and often took direct control of particularly important factories and works. From August 1943 onwards, it dealt with the plans for the reconstruction of destroyed areas and the relocation of evacuated companies.

Since 1957, Gosplan was the sole competent authority for current and future economic planning. During the reforms initiated by the then head of government of the Soviet Union Kosygin in the mid-1960s , Gosplan had to carry out both the territorial and production-related planning and developed a scheme for the even distribution of various industries across the entire territory of the Soviet Union. At the same time an attempt was made to promote long-term economic planning, with the goal of being predictable for the next 20 years, and paying special attention to the "underdeveloped" areas of the country in this regard.

During this time, several semi-autonomous commissions were created within the Gosplan, such as B. the State Expert Commission , in which all the leading economists of the country were active, the Economic Institute, the Institute for Planning and Standardization, the Institute for Complex Transport Problems , the Central Computer Center, which calculated the planning capacities for the entire Soviet Union, etc.

The endeavor to control everything and to plan it down to the smallest detail led to an unnecessary centralization of the economy and deprived the on-site managers of any initiative and influence. The bureaucratisation resulted in inefficiency and wasted resources, which in turn led to bottlenecks in the supply of consumer goods.

Gosplan changed its official name several times. From 1921 to 1923 it acted under the name of the State General Planning Commission at the Council for Labor and Defense and from 1923 to 1946 as the State Planning Commission at the Council of People's Commissars . Between 1955 and 1957 Gosplan was divided into two independent organizations: the State Economic Committee for the ongoing planning of the national economy and the State committee for the future planning of the national economy. From 1962 it was called Gosplan , which was not changed until the collapse of the Soviet Union .

The chairmen of Gosplan were members of the respective government of the USSR and since 1938 almost without exception also deputy or first deputy chairperson of the Council of People's Commissars or the Council of Ministers .

Five year plans

Soviet slogan: “The plan is law. Its fulfillment is a duty. We are honored to be over-fulfilled! "

From 1928, Gosplan developed and monitored the five-year plans (Russian: pjatiletka ), which were approved by the respective congresses of the Communist All- Union Party ( Bolsheviks ) , from 1952 the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). A seven-year plan was in effect from 1959 to 1965.

  • 1. Five-year plan from 1928 to 1932; approved in 1927 by the XV. Party congress
  • 2. Five-year plan from 1933 to 1937; approved in 1934 by the XVII. Party congress
  • 3. Five-year plan from 1938 to 1942; approved in 1939 by the XVIII. Party congress
  • 4. Five-year plan from 1946 to 1950; approved by the Supreme Soviet in 1946
  • 5. Five-year plan from 1951 to 1955; approved in 1952 by the XIX. Party congress
  • 6. Five-year plan from 1956 to 1960; approved 1956 from XX. Party congress
  • 7. Five-year plan from 1959 to 1965; approved in 1959 from XXI. Party congress
  • 8. Five-Year Plan from 1966 to 1970; approved in 1966 from XXII. Party congress
  • 9. Five-year plan from 1971 to 1975; approved in 1971 by the XXIV Party Congress
  • 10. Five-year plan from 1976 to 1980; approved in 1976 by XXV. Party congress
  • 11. Five-year plan from 1981 to 1985; approved 1981 by XXVI. Party congress
  • 12. Five-year plan from 1986 to 1990; approved 1986 by XXVII. Party congress
  • 13. Five-year plan from 1991 to 1995; no longer realized

See also:

Chair of the Gosplan

Postage stamp from Krzyzanowski

Institute at the Gosplan of the USSR

  • Economic Institute 1955–1991
  • Council for the Study of Economic Forces 1960–1991
  • Institute for Complex Transport Problems 1954–1991
  • Institute for Complex Energy and Fuel Problems 1974–1991
  • Institute for Planning and Standardization 1960–1991
  • Institute for Economic Research 1929–1938
  • Central Institute for Technical Information of the Coal Industry 1957–1959
  • Institute for the design of non-ferrous metal metallurgy "Giprozwetmet" 1957–1960

Commissions of the Gosplan

  • Special Commission on Trust Administration Matters, 1923–1925
  • State Expert Commission
  • The Inter-Ministerial Commission on Economic Reforms
  • The concession award committee
  • The Council for Technical-Economic Expertise.

See also

literature

  • Article about Gosplan in: Great Russian Encyclopedia (Russian: Bolschaja rossijskaja enziklopedija), Vol. 7, Moscow, 2008.
  • Spuler: Regents and Governments of the World , Minister-Ploetz Vol. 4 u. 5, 1964 and 1972, ISBN 3-87640-026-0
  • Mikhail Gorbachev: Memories , Siedler-Verlag, Berlin, 1995, ISBN 3-88680-524-7 : Glossary

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