Maha Vajiralongkorn

Maha Vajiralongkorn (2017)

Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun ( Thai มหา ว ชิ รา ลง ก รณ บ ดิน ทร เทพ ย ว ราง กู ร , RTGS Maha Wachiralongkon Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun ; pronunciation: [mahǎː waʨʰíraːloŋkɔːn bɔdintʰratʰêːppʰajawaraːŋkuːn] listen ^{? / I} ) or Rama X. (* 28. July 1952 in Bangkok , Thailand ) has been King of Thailand from the Chakri Dynasty since October 13, 2016 . He is the second child of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Queen Sirikit Kitiyakara . From 1972 to 2016 he was Crown Prince.

Vajiralongkorn is controversial because of his authoritarian leadership style and his hostility to democracy. He is the richest monarch in the world with total assets estimated at 100 billion euros .

Life

Vajiralongkorn has three siblings, the older princess Ubol Ratana Rajakanya and the younger princesses Maha Chakri Sirindhorn and Chulabhorn Walailak .

The prince first attended the school at Chitralada Palace and then private schools in England and Australia . In 1960 and 1961 he lived with his parents and sisters in Switzerland on Lake Geneva . He later graduated from the Australian Royal Military College Duntroon and then became an officer in the Thai army . He mostly resides near Munich .

Crown Prince

Vajiralongkorn's children Sirivannavari, Dipangkorn and Bajrakitiyabha (from left to right)

In December 1972, King Bhumibol solemnly appointed his son Crown Prince (Sayam Makut Ratchakuman) . On January 3, 1977 Vajiralongkorn married his cousin, Princess Soamsavali Kitiyakara , with whom he has a daughter, Princess Bajrakitiyabha (* 1978). After the child was born, the marriage broke up and they divorced in 1993.

In 1978 he went - like many male Thai people - to a Buddhist monastery as a novice for two weeks . In 1980 he continued his military training with the US Army . After he discovered his interest in aviation, he trained as a fighter pilot on the F-5E from 1982 . He then commanded his own swarm of three aircraft.

Since the late 1970s, the actress Sucharinee Vivatcharavong ( สุ จา ริ ณี geb วัชร วงศ์ , née Yuvadhida Polpraserth; * 1962) was his partner. With her he has four sons and a daughter: Prince Chudhavajra ( Mom Chao Chudhavajra Mahidol, หม่อมเจ้า จุฑา วัชร มหิดล , * 1979), Prince Vajraresra ( Mom Chao Vajraresra Mahidol, หม่อมเจ้า วัชร เร ศร มหิดล , * 1981), Prince Chakrivajra ( Mom Chao Chakrivajra Mahidol, หม่อมเจ้า จักรี วัชร มหิดล , * 1983), Prince Vajraravira ( Mom Chao Vajraravira Mahidol, หม่อมเจ้า วัชร วี ร์ มหิดล , * 1985) and princessSirivannavari Nariratana (* 1987).

In September 1987, Vajiralongkorn sparked diplomatic irritation between Thailand and Japan when, on an official visit to Japan, he demanded to be received with his then-partner, but this was refused with reference to the court minutes. Vajiralongkorn married Sucharinee - after his first marriage was divorced - in 1994, which was not officially announced, but she had previously appeared publicly at his side. In March 1996, the Crown Prince and his F-5 swarm blocked the plane of the Japanese Prime Minister and his delegation, the Bangkok for the Asia-Europe Meetingvisited. This was interpreted as revenge for his alleged bad treatment in Japan eight years earlier. Sucharinee left him in 1996 and fled with the five children to the United Kingdom , but Vajiralongkorn brought the youngest princess back to Thailand. She is the only child from this relationship who is still considered a member of the closer royal family. The marriage was annulled retrospectively. King Bhumibol's unofficial biographer Paul M. Handley therefore describes the year 1996 as an annus horribilis of the Thai royal family.

Vajiralongkorn remarried on February 10, 2001. His third wife, Srirasmi Suwadee, was also a commoner who was reported to have known the Crown Prince since 1992. On April 29, 2005, the first and only child from this relationship was born, Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti. On June 15, 2005, Srirasmi was named princess. As the only son born in wedlock, Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti is first in the ranking for the throne after his father.

In 2009, videos appeared in which Srirasmi almost naked fed Vajiralongkorn's poodle Foo Foo with the Crown Prince's birthday cake. Vajiralongkorn had named the poodle Chief Air Marshal of the Thai Air Force .

In December 2014, the royal family announced that Princess Srirasmi had resigned from her royal status. A short time later, Vajiralongkorn and Srirasmi were divorced. Sirasmi was placed under house arrest, her head was shaved and she was forced to wear white like a nun; nine members of her family were arrested, and her parents, her sister and her two brothers were sentenced to several years in prison for lese majesty . She received compensation of 200 million baht (approx. 5.5 million euros) from the Crown Property Bureau .

In the last few years before his father's death, Vajiralongkorn spent a large part of the time in Upper Bavaria with his partner Suthida Vajiralongkorn , a former stewardess . She was appointed commander of the prince's bodyguard in August 2014 and was promoted to colonel , major general and finally lieutenant general in quick succession . She received the surname Vajiralongkorn and the predicate na Ayutthaya , which is traditionally given by princes to women who are not befitting their rank. In international media reports in October 2016, she was referred to as his "wife".

king

After Bhumibol Adulyadej's death on October 13, 2016, Vajiralongkorn - although he was undisputed first in line to the throne - did not immediately have himself proclaimed the new king, but first asked for "time to mourn". The regency initially took over the chairman of the Privy Council , Prem Tinsulanonda . On December 1, 2016, exactly 50 days after his father's death, Vajiralongkorn was proclaimed the new king. The accession to the throne was officially dated back to October 13, 2016.

Vajiralongkorn initially did not accept the draft constitution drawn up after the military coup in May 2014 and passed by the military-related National Legislative Assembly. In January 2017, he called for changes. This delayed the drafting of the constitution and postponed the elections promised after the coup. In April 2017 he signed the new constitution with the changes that mainly affect the role of the king. King Vajiralongkorn also intervened in the run-up to the general election in March . The Thai Raksa Chart party had put up his older sister, the former Princess Ubol Ratana , as the top candidate. Ubol Ratana has been to an American since she married1972 no more royal titles. Nevertheless, the king criticized her candidacy as "inappropriate and unconstitutional", it violated "the royal traditions and the culture of the nation". Ubol Ratana submitted to her brother's "royal order".

On May 1, 2019, the king appointed his wife Suthida Vajiralongkorn as queen. It is not known when the couple married. Vajiralongkorn's coronation ceremony didn't take place until May 4, 2019. The celebrations lasted for several months. Before the coronation, more than 40,000 prisoners were pardoned.

In July 2019, Vajiralongkorn appointed his lover Sineenat Wongvajirapakdi , like Suthida, a former bodyguard and nurse of the king, to be his next-wife ( Chao Khun Phra ; sometimes referred to as " concubine "). Thai monarchs are allowed to have several wives, but Vajiralongkorn's predecessors (since Rama VII ) had opted for monogamy . He expelled Sineenat three months later, depriving her of all previously awarded titles and ranks and taking her to the infamous Klong Prem prisonlet throw. The reason he cited was disloyal behavior towards Queen Suthida. In September 2020, the King pardoned Sineenat. All royal and military titles were awarded to her again. Both women have often stayed in Germany with Maha Vajiralongkorn in the past .

Since King Vajiralongkorn lives mainly in Germany, he had the constitution changed so that he would not have to appoint a regent as a deputy during his stays in Bavaria . His villa property on Lake Starnberg was marked as diplomatic property after the death of his father, apparently with the aim of avoiding the payment of inheritance tax in Germany. In 2018, the federal government felt compelled to draw the king's attention to German laws. While he was in Germany, a person was executed in Thailand even though he had requested pardon from the king. The death penalty but is forbidden in Germany and foreign heads of state can be held accountable if they violate German laws on German soil - even if it involves decisions that concern the home country of the person concerned.

After criticism from the German government, Vajiralongkorn and his court left the luxury hotel in Bavaria where he had lived during the corona crisis , returned to Thailand and arranged for the arrest on October 13, 2020, on the eve of the 47th anniversary of the student uprising of 1973 of opposition members. A state of emergency was declared on October 15, 2020 and the 22-year-old student leader Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul was also arrested.

title

His royal title is Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun ( Thai สมเด็จ พระเจ้าอยู่หัว มหา ว ชิ รา ลง ก ก รณ บ ดิน ทร เทพ ย ว ราง กู ร ). As Crown Prince, his title was Somdet Phra Boromma-orasathirat Chao Fa Maha Vajiralongkorn Sayam Makut Ratchakuman ( Thai สมเด็จพระบรม โอรสาธิ ราช เจ้าฟ้า มหา ว ว ชิ รา ลง ก รณ สยาม มกุฎราชกุมาร ). Furthermore, since 1992 he has been General of the Thai Armed Forces (Army), Admiral of the Royal Navy and General of the Royal Thai Air Force with the 904th Squadron under his own authority on the RTAFB Don Mueangin Bangkok .

See also : Thai nobility titles

Wealth and power building

Vajiralongkorn is considered the richest monarch in the world with an estimated fortune of up to 60 billion euros. He consolidated his power by expanding his own military unit, the King's Guard, appointed by him. He also increased his personal fortune enormously - the amendment to the Crown Property Act enabled the crown to put billions of dollars worth of royal fortune directly into its control. Shares in various Thai conglomerates - including Siam Cement Public Company and Siam Commercial Bank Public Company - have been transferred to the king's name. Since then, he has been the main shareholder of Siam Commercial Bank (23.5%), theSiam Cement Group (33.3%) and he owned the majority in the Kempinski hotel chain . The crown property , which had been administered by the Crown Property Bureau from 1937 (after the end of the absolute monarchy) , was transferred to Vajiralongkorn's personal control following a change in law in 2017. In addition, there are plots with a total area of ​​6560 hectares, some of them in the most valuable locations of the Bangkok business center. The royal budget was also increased significantly. Pavin Chachavalpongpun, Associate Professor at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyōto University, stated: "He has become the most powerful king in official power since 1932. Although his father had immense power, he wielded that power mainly through proxy. What makes Vajirilongkorn more powerful is that he has his power by himself exercises ".

public perception

Coronation in May 2019

Vajiralongkorn was by no means given the popularity and acceptance of his parents, even if this could not be discussed publicly at first due to the draconian Thai Lèse Majesté laws , which punish libel with up to 15 years imprisonment. The relevant laws are considered to be the military's sharpest weapons to intimidate the people. One of the reasons for his unpopularity was his changeable private life. In the European and German perception, above all, his great wealth and his relationship with women were emphasized.

In 2020, mostly young people began to demonstrate for civil rights, democracy, the end of the military dictatorship and a new constitution. The role of the king, who lived largely in Germany and led a bizarre life, was also questioned. Open expressions of protest against the royal family were completely new in Thailand. The king was mocked as " Lord Voldemort ", the villain from the Harry Potter children's book series . The protesters in Bangkok also parodied a scene that took place at Munich Airporthappened in July 2016, when the king received the salute of his Air Force officers in a cropped undershirt and jeans with tattooed upper arms, while he was carrying his new white poodle in his arms and therefore could not salute . They would have been arrested for this six months earlier.

In autumn 2020, protesters called for the new constitutional regulation to be withdrawn, which allows the king to exercise his powers even when he is outside Thailand and has not appointed a regent.

Stays in Germany and Switzerland

Vajiralongkorn often visited the Munich area for a long time, is the owner of two villas in Tutzing and Feldafing on Lake Starnberg and used the Villa Stolberg property as his residence until his father's death in October 2016 . His son and hereditary prince lives there and also goes to school in the region. The property, located in a 5600 square meter park, was built in 1926 and is a listed building . In this context, German local and tabloid media repeatedly reported on his private life, which would not be permitted in Thai publications. Vajiralongkorn also regularly visits Switzerland , where his parents had stayed for several years.

The aircraft seized in 2011

In July 2011, Vajiralongkorn's Boeing 737 was seized by the judiciary at Munich Airport and was no longer allowed to take off. The reason for this were claims totaling 36 million euros for the Don Mueang Tollway toll highway built by a German company , which Thailand, contrary to the decision of a Swiss arbitration tribunal, had not paid. On August 1, Maha Vajiralongkorn's office announced that he would trigger the plane himself and deposit a security deposit of 20 million euros. The next day, the Thai government relented. Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya confirmed that the Thai government will take responsibility for providing security.

In 2016, playing children shot at the king from a private garden with toy guns when he was riding a bike through Erding accompanied by his entourage and shortly afterwards drove past the then 13 and 14-year-old boys again. The king did not file a criminal complaint, but his companions reported the incident to the authorities. An investigation against the older boy was discontinued because the projectiles were not dangerous and there was no intention to injure himself.

During the coronavirus pandemic , Vajiralongkorn moved to Garmisch-Partenkirchen and rented the Grand Hotel Sonnenbichl, which had been closed due to the coronavirus crisis, as accommodation for himself and his entourage in March 2020 . For the move from Tutzing to the luxury hotel, he received special permission from the Garmisch-Partenkirchen District Office , as the residents are a closed group of people and the hotel remains closed to the usual accommodation operations during the king's stay. Critical comments on social networksin Thailand, which address the king's stay in Germany during the epidemic, led to government warnings with reference to the Thai libel laws. The king's travel activities received negative media coverage despite the exit restrictions in force in Bavaria and the Europe-wide entry ban for non-EU citizens.

On October 7, 2020, the German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas had to answer a question from the opposition in the Bundestag as to how it could be that a foreign head of state ruled his country from Germany and had little contact with his own people. Maas said: “We have made it clear that politics affecting the country of Thailand should not be based on German soil. ... If there are guests in our country who conduct their state affairs from our country, we would always want to clearly counteract that. "

However, research by WDR and Süddeutscher Zeitung in December 2020 confirmed the suspicion that the Thai king was also doing his official business from Bavaria. The media used flight trackers to examine the movements of the king's planes and evaluated publications from, among others, the Thai legal gazette and the palace in Bangkok. From January to mid-October 2020, it was documented on the palace's official website for only nine days that the king was in Thailand. Nevertheless, he also developed political activities in the rest of the period. When he was in Germany, for example, he appointed some generals by royal decree or congratulated the Greek presidentto take office. There were also indications that he ordered from Bavaria that the police unit under his control could be used against protesters. The Thai dissident Junya Jimprasert carried out an even more comprehensive evaluation . After their reconstructions, the king sent 100 letters to other heads of state and issued 40 ordinances.

Awards

• 1987: Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III. (Spain)
• 1996: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (Great Britain)
• 2001: Knight of the Elephant Order (Denmark)
• numerous awards in the system of Thai orders and decorations

ancestors

Pedigree of Maha Vajiralongkorn
Great grandparents	King Rama V. Chulalongkorn (1853–1910) ⚭ 1878 Queen Savang Vadhana (1862–1955)		Chu ⚭ Kham		Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana , Prince of Chanthaburi (1874–1931) ⚭ 1895 Princess Apsarasaman Kitiyakara born. Devakula (1877-1939)		Chao Phraya Wongsanupraphan (MR Sathan Sanitwong; 1866–1940) ⚭ Thao Wanida Phicharini (Bang Sanitwong na Ayutthaya; 1886–1970)
Grandparents	Prince Mahidol Adulyadej , Prince of Songkhla (1892–1929) ⚭ 1920 Mom Sangwal Mahidol na Ayutthaya, later Princess Mother Srinagarindra (1900–1995)				Prince Nakkhatra Mangala , Prince of Chanthaburi (1897–1953) ⚭ 1928 ML Bua Kitiyakara b. Sanitwong (1909-1999)
parents	King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927–2016) ⚭ 1950 Queen Sirikit (* 1932)

Web links

Commons : Maha Vajiralongkorn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

 Wikinews: Maha Vajiralongkorn  - on the news

• Thailand's king seeks to bring back absolute monarchy The Economist , October 14, 2020 (critical biography by Vajiralongkorn)

Individual evidence

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3. ↑ Finances100: Assets revealed: Thai king is obviously much richer than expected. Retrieved October 26, 2020 . 
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5. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press, New Haven 2006, ISBN 0-300-10682-3 , p. 302.
6. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, p. 321.
7. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, p. 399.
8. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, p. 402.
9. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, pp. 403-404.
10. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, p. 394.
11. ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. 2006, p. 442.
12. ↑ Caroline Graham: How future queen of Thailand (wearing only a tiny G-string) let her poodle Foo Foo eat cake: As coup rocks Bangkok, video reveals royal couple's decadent lifestyle Daily Mail , May 24, 2014.
13. ^ Gordon Rayner: WikiLeaks cables: Thailand's royal pet . In: The Daily Telegraph , February 5, 2011;
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78. ↑ Boletín Oficial del Estado , No. 25683, November 17, 1987