Regency

A regency ( Latin regere - 'to rule', 'to direct', 'to lead') is the substitute rule by an uncrowned head of state in a monarchy in place of the ruler.

reasons

Reasons for reign are the minority of the legitimate monarch, his prevention by a serious illness (especially mental illness ) or imprisonment.

In most cases, the governor is the next appointed agnate capable of governing according to the primogeniture order . He then rules as Prince Regent . Often the mother of the future ruler - if she was a minor - was installed. Alternatively, a Regency Council is also an option. In the Holy Roman Empire, the imperial vicars were responsible for the continuation of current business for the period between the death of an emperor and the election of a new one.

Examples

The reigns of:

223-253: Zhuge Liang , Jiang Wan and Fei Yi for the Chinese Shu Han Emperor Liu Shan
249–265: Sima Yi , Sima Shi and Sima Zhao for the Chinese Wei emperors
395–408: Stilicho for the Western Roman Emperor Honorius
425–437: Galla Placidia for her son, the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III.
10th and 11th centuries: Japanese rulers of the Fujiwara family
1507–1516: Ferdinand II of Aragon for his daughter Joan of Castile
1560–1589: Caterina de 'Medici for her sons Charles IX. and Heinrich III. from France
1637–1650 Amalie Elisabeth von Hanau-Münzenberg for her underage son Wilhelm VI. from Hessen-Kassel
1715–1723: Régence : Philippe d'Orléans for Louis XV. from France
1811–1820: Regency : George IV for his insane father
1833–1840: Maria Christina of Naples and Sicily for her daughter Isabella II of Spain
1848/1849: Johann von Austria as provisional head of the then emerging German Empire
1885–1902: Maria Christina of Austria for her son Alfons XIII. from Spain
1886–1912: Prince regent time : Luitpolds of Bavaria for Ludwig II. And Otto
1890–1898: Netherlands: Emma zu Waldeck and Pyrmont for her daughter Wilhelmina von Oranien-Nassau
1916–1918: The reign of Poland , re-establishment of the Kingdom of Poland without the appointment of a monarch under the control of the Central Powers during the First World War
1945–1950: Charles of Belgium for his brother Leopold III.
1947–1975: Francisco Franco as the de facto head of state of the Kingdom of Spain , which he re-established in 1947 , but without having appointed a king.

Ottoman Empire

The states of Algiers (1659-1830), Tunis (1591-1881) and Tripoli (1603-1835), which were officially under the rule of the Ottoman Empire , were designated as regency in the western world . Often, however, these states acted independently or were treated as sovereign by other states. The Ottoman Empire regarded these states as privileged provinces ( eyalet-i mümtaze ). Due to their common geographic location, these were collectively referred to as barbarian states .

Web links

Regency in Meyer's Lexicon (1905) at zeno.org

Individual evidence

↑ Asma Moalla: The regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814. Army and government of a North-African Ottoman eyālet at the end of the eighteenth century. Routledge Shorton, London et al. 2004, ISBN 0-415-29781-8 , p. 12.
↑ Peter von Sivers: North Africa in the modern age. In: Ulrich Haarmann (Hrsg.): History of the Arab world. Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-31488-0 , pp. 502-590, here p. 523.

[1] Asma Moalla: The regency of Tunis and the Ottoman Porte, 1777-1814. Army and government of a North-African Ottoman eyālet at the end of the eighteenth century. Routledge Shorton, London et al. 2004, ISBN 0-415-29781-8 , p. 12.

[2] Peter von Sivers: North Africa in the modern age. In: Ulrich Haarmann (Hrsg.): History of the Arab world. Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-31488-0 , pp. 502-590, here p. 523.