Regency
The term Regency describes an epoch in the history of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . In sub-areas of historical studies , the time period is delimited differently. The era of the Regency must be distinguished from the Regency in France.
term
In the political history of Britain, he describes the period from 1811 to 1820. It begins with the acquisition of the business of government by the Prince of Wales , George Augustus Frederick Hanover, later George IV. , And covers the period of his reign ( English : regency ) as Prince Regent ( Prince Regent ). Due to the metabolic disease porphyria , his father was George III. no longer able to exercise government. Politically, the Regency ended with the death of George III. and the enthronement of the Prince Regent as George IV.
The art history describes the Regency as style . The period differs from the nine years of the reign. In terms of art history, the beginning and the end of the Regency are justified differently. A delimitation refers to the period from 1783 to 1834. It begins with the entry of the Prince of Wales into Carlton House and ends with the publication of John Claudius Loudons (1783–1843) The Encyclopedia of Cottage, Farm, Villa Architecture .
features
The Regency was an era of great social, political and stylistic changes. New processes and machines were developed and patented. Materials such as cast iron created new branches of industry and others changed fundamentally through their use. The building trade received completely new possibilities through cast iron. The engineer gained in importance that the architect lost. With the development of substitute materials such as concrete , Coade stone , Sheffield plate or paper mâché , traditional crafts such as that of the English carvers , wood carvers and wood sculptors disappeared . The development of punching, planing, sawing and carving machines changed work processes and social life. The mechanization of handicrafts and the household had a particular effect on the development of society. The art changed the craft , the industry and the fashion sustainable.
In the transition from the 18th to the 19th century, many existing trends were further developed. In architecture, earlier developments of Gothic Revival or Classicism were taken up again. Also from the Egypt expedition Napoleon Bonaparte many impulses resulted in architecture and handicrafts. The Regency is characterized by a stylistic eclecticism and the juxtaposition of different styles. It thus marks the transition to historicism in the Kingdom of Great Britain .
Architects and architecture
- James Wyatt : Fonthill Abbey
- Benjamin Dean Wyatt : Apsley House
- Humphry Repton
- Henry Holland (1745–1806) important works were: Marine Pavilion , Brooks's Club , Carlton House , Woburn Abbey
- George Dance the Younger
- Thomas Hope : Duchess Street , Deepdene
- Sir John Soane : Pitzhanger Manor-House , Dulwich Picture Gallery , Soane House , Bank of England
- Michael Joseph Gandy
- John Nash : Royal Pavilion , Royal Lodge , Blaise Hamlet , Regent's Park , Regent's Street
- Sir Jeffry Wyatville Jeffry Wyatt
- Sir Robert Smirke
- George Stuart
Publicists and illustrators
- Rudolph Ackermann (1809-1828) The Repository of Arts , 40 volumes, (1829) Repository of Fashions , (1830) Upholsterer's repository .
- Edmund Aikin
- CA Busby (1833, 1835) Designs .
- John Crace
- Thomas Daniell (1795–1808) Oriental Scenery , 6-volume edition.
- Messrs. William F. Pocock (1811) Modern Finishings .
- George Smith (Illustrator) Household Furniture . (1826) Cabinet maker's guide .
- Nathaniel Whittock (1827) Painter's Guide .
- John Claudius Loudon (1833) The Encyclopedia of Cottage, Farm, Villa Architecture .
- Raimbach Abraham (1766-1834)
- George Cruikshank (1792–1878), (1827) Illustration of Time .
- Isaac Robert Cruikshank (1789-1856)
- P. Egan (1821) Life in London . (1820-1821) Real Life in London . (1829) Finish to Life in London.
- Daniel Thomas Egerton (c. 1800–1842) (1823) Man of Fashion , (1824) Fashionable Bores , (1824) Humorous Designs , (1825) Matrimonial Ladder.
- R. Heron (1807) Comforts .
- Theodore Lane (1800–1828) cartoonist.
- J. Leech (1825) Life of a Nobleman .
- Thomas Stothard (1755-1834)
painting
plastic
- Design John Flaxman
writer
- Thomas Love Peacock novella, Melincourt , (1817).
- John Claudius Loudon
- Lord Byron
- Richard Payne Knight Downton Castle
- Rev. William Gilpin
- Sir Uvedale Price
- Jane Austen
- The English writer Georgette Heyer (1902–1974) describes this epoch, although later alive, in her novels and short stories also very thoroughly and precisely with a lot of technical knowledge.
Landscape architecture
- Humphry Repton , designer of Russel Square, Attingham Park and Bloomsbury Square
Engineers
- Sir Samuel Bentham (1757–1831) was an architect, engineer, and inventor.
- Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849) was an engineer and inventor.
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) was an engineer.
Collections
- Richard Charles Seymour-Conway 3rd Marquess of Hertford .
- John Julius Angerstein was the founder of the National Gallery London
- Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet
- the Mayer Amschel Rothschild Mayer Amschel Bauer family
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Regency in literature
The most important literary works depicting the Regency period were written by Jane Austen . In the 20th century, following the novel by Georgette Heyer, the genre of Regency Romance , attributed to trivial literature , emerged .
literature
- Thomas Sheraton: The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Drawing Book. Praeger, New York, Washington, London 1794, 1970.
- John Morley: Regency Design 1790-1840. Zwemmer, London 1993.