Nathan Mayer Rothschild (banker)

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Nathan Mayer Rothschild (since 1817: von Rothschild , since 1822 Baron von Rothschild ) (born September 16, 1777 in Frankfurt am Main , † July 28, 1836 ibid) was a German-British banker.

Nathan Rothschild

Life

Nathan Mayer Rothschild was the fourth child and third son of the founder of the Rothschild dynasty Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812) and Gutle Rothschild , née. Schnapper (1753-1849). Born in the Frankfurt Judengasse ghetto , he became the founder of the English branch of the family.

Between 1790 and 1800 he went to Manchester as a textile merchant . His marriage to Levi Barent Cohen's daughter Hannah in October 1806 made him the son-in-law of an influential London merchant and increased his capital through a sizeable dowry. In 1808 he bought a house in London and founded the NM Rothschild & Sons bank , which still exists today. Under Nathan's leadership, the Rothschilds became the most important bankers in Europe in less than 20 years.

The Napoleonic Wars , specifically the Iberian campaign of the Duke of Wellington , gave Nathan the opportunity to offer himself as a banker to the British government. By supplying Wellington with gold, shipping it to Portugal (to enable Wellington to pay his soldiers their wages) and smuggling gold during the continental blockade , the effects of which the French underestimated and therefore tolerated, he made a fortune and became one of the most influential British Government Financier. The fact that Rothschild is said to have become the richest man in the world with loan transactions in 1815, because he was the first to know of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo , is today an anti-Semitic legend that transports the stereotype of Jews as patriotic war profiteers .

With patent of nobility from September 29, 1822 Emperor raised him Francis I of Austria as Baron Rothschild (also Baron de Rothschild ) in the Austrian baron .

In June 1836 Rothschild traveled from London to Frankfurt am Main to attend the wedding of his son Lionel Nathan Rothschild with Charlotte von Rothschild (1808–1879), the daughter of his brother Carl Mayer von Rothschild . He suffered from a painful boil or abscess on his buttocks that he had cut in Frankfurt. He then suffered sepsis - it can no longer be determined whether the cause was the abscess itself or a contaminated scalpel. Nathan Rothschild died on July 28, 1836. The message "Il est mort" is said to have been transmitted to his headquarters in London by carrier pigeon . Nathan Rotschild was transferred to England and buried in London.

children

He and his wife, Hannah Barent Cohen, had seven children (four sons and three daughters).

  • Charlotte von Rothschild (1807-1859); married Anselm Salomon von Rothschild (1803–1874) in 1826 and joined the Vienna branch.
  • Lionel Nathan Rothschild (1808-1879); he continued the business in England and in 1858 became the first Jewish member of the House of Commons . His grandson of the same name ( Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1840-1915) became the first Baron Rothschild in 1885 and the first Jewish member of the House of Lords .
  • Anthony de Rothschild (1810-1876); married the banker's daughter Louise Montefiore (1821–1876) in 1840 and had Aston Clinton Castle built.
  • Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870); went to Paris and married Charlotte de Rothschild (1825–1899) there in 1842. He buys the Chateau Mouton winery. In 1855 he suffered a hunting accident and was paralyzed and later blind.
  • Hanna Mayer de Rothschild (1815–1864); married in 1839 with Henry FritzRoy (1807-1859) the son of Lord Southampton and converted to Christianity.
  • Mayer Amschel de Rothschild (1818–1874); married Juliane Cohen (1831–1877) in 1850, had the dream castle Mentmare Towers built.
  • Louise de Rothschild (1820-1894); married in 1842 with Mayer Carl von Rothschild (1820–1886) to Frankfurt am Main.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777–1836)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jan-Philipp Pomplun: War and crisis profiteers . In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus . Vol. 2: People . De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-44159-2 , SS 181. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  2. ↑ David S. Landes : Prosperity and Poverty of Nations. Why some are rich and others are poor. Siedler, Berlin 1999, p. 13.
personal data
SURNAME Rothschild, Nathan Mayer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-British banker
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1777
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH July 28, 1836
Place of death Frankfurt am Main