John Soane

Sir John Soane [ səʊn ] RA (born September 10, 1753 in Reading or Goring-on-Thames between Oxfordshire and Berkshire , † January 20, 1837 in London ) was a British architect and professor at the Royal Academy . Based on the tradition of classicism , his works are assigned to the Regency . The most important structural work was the establishment of the Bank of England . His thoughts on architecture can be found in the Royal Academy's twelve lectures from 1809 to 1836.

Thomas Lawrence:
Portrait of John Soane

The childhood

About the early childhood of John Soane we can only say something certain and later, for family reasons, Soane did not help to shed light on it. There is no evidence of it in the church register of Goring. He was probably born as the seventh child of Martha Soane, nee Marcy and John Soane '(older spelling Soan).

Training

From 1761, at the age of 8, Soane attended William Baker's school in Reading . In 1768 the parents and his sisters moved back to Goring-on-Thames. His older brother William continued the craft of his father, local builders , in Chertsey . John started working for him in 1767 as an apprentice mason. In 1768 he was introduced by James Peacock , a surveyor, to the architect George Dance the Younger , who accepted and promoted him. In 1771 Soane began to study architecture at the suggestion and through the mediation of George Dance. John Soane was one of the first professionally trained architects at the Royal Academy School of Architecture, founded in 1768 . At this led by Sir William Chambers and by George III. Soane studied until 1778. Soane won the silver medal in 1772 and the gold medal of the academy for study drafts. As an honor he was awarded a travel grant from the king in 1778.

Soane traveled to Rome with his college friend Thomas Hardwick Junior . In Rome he met the builder and bishop of Derry, Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol , whom he later accompanied to Ireland .

Two years later he returned to the Kingdom of Great Britain and founded his own architectural office.

The early work 1781–1792

From 1788 he was appointed by the sponsorship of William Pitt to succeed Sir Robert Taylor as architect and surveyor of the Bank of England.

The Middle Period 1792–1820

From 1811 to 1813 he was responsible for the construction of the gallery and the mausoleum in Dulwich . He was also involved in the design of the rooms at Downing Street No. 10 and 11 involved. On March 28, 1806 he was appointed professor of architecture at the Royal Academy . In 1831 John Soane was knighted. Soane had stored his art and collection objects in the house, which came from trips and auctions. Ancient sculptures , the sarcophagus of the Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I , paintings and models of his buildings can be found here .

In some rooms he had doors built into the walls to accommodate his many paintings. If you open it, new paintings appear behind it - and on the back of the doors. In order to present his ideas and building sketches to those responsible for the building, he had painters paint these buildings - they painted the buildings in jungle and fantasy landscapes for advertising purposes; and some paintings show exploded views of buildings - such as a bird's eye view of the Bank of England, with the walls and intermediate floors left out so that the viewer can learn something about the inner workings. Soane went to the builders with these paintings, which were revolutionary for the time.

The late work 1820–1833

Sir John Soane's mausoleum

Sir John Soane died in London in 1837 at the age of 84. His grave still exists in St Pancras Gardens , the former graveyard of Old St. Pancras . Soane designed the tomb himself after the death of his wife. For the architect Giles Gilbert Scott, the flat domed roof of the small mausoleum was the direct model for the roofs of the earlier red telephone boxes in Great Britain.

The influence of his work

Along with John Nash and Sir John Wyatvill, he is one of the most famous architects of the Regency. His work has influenced the work of architects in the 20th century, especially postmodernism .

Dealing with the structural inheritance

On April 20, 1833, two of the three neighboring houses, no. 12 and No. 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields, declared a Sir John Soane's National Museum . In the Act for setting and preserving Sir John Soane's Museum, Library and Work of Art, in Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, fort he Benefit of the Public, and for establishing a sufficient Endowment fort he Maintenance of the same was made by the Act of Parliament (3 ° Gul. IV, Cap iv) took into account the will of Sir John Soane to keep the work in its original state. He wrote: “One of the objects I had in view was to shew, partly by graphic illustration, the union and close connection between Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, - Music and Poetry; - Another purpose is, the natural desire of leaving these works of Art subject as little as possible to the chance of their being removed from the position relatively assigned to them, they having been arranged as studies for my own mind, and being intended similarly to benefit the artists of future generations. " The changes that occurred to Sir John Soane's total work of art after his death are intended to increase the authenticity of the building and the collection since 2004. In particular, later changes in the lighting and the spatial structure of the collection rooms are corrected. By 2012, the 200th birthday of the house, Soane's private apartment, destroyed in 1840 on the second floor of the main house No. 13 with its extensive collection of 80 historical architectural models and the missing visitor rooms (cloakroom etc.) in house no. 12 can be set up. House no. Sold by Soane's heirs. 14 was acquired by the Museum Foundation in 1997 and restored by 2006.

John Soane's summer house, Pitzhanger Manor in Ealing , London, which he designed in 1800 and had completed by 1804, is now also open to the public as a gallery and museum. The house received two additions around 1900 when it was used as a public library, which detracts from the original impression.

Fonts

• Soane, Sir John (1835) Memoirs of the Professional Life of an Architect between the years 1768 and 1835 written by Himself , London: Sir John Soane.
• Soane, Sir John (1830, 1832, 1835-6) Description of the House and Museum on the North Side of Lincoln's Inn Fields , London:….

Work overview

Fonts

• Sir John Soane (1835) Memoirs of the Professional Life of an Architect between the years 1768 and 1835 written by printed, London:….

1780

• Downhill, Co. Derry, 4th Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry.

1817

Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, late Sir Francis Bourgois

1820

• 16 Montague Place, London, Henry Hase.
• 14 New Burlington Street, London, Admiral Sir Joseph York.
• 156–170 Regent Street, London, John Robins and others.
• Wotton House, Buckinghamshire, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham.

1821

• Fan Grove, Berkshire, Admiral Sr. Henry Hotham.
• Wotton Manor, Somerset, Sir Alexander Hood.

1822

• Pet Wall, Staffordshire, Purney Sillitoe.

1825

• 10, 11, and 12 Downing Street, London, Office of Works.

1829

• Hardenhuish, Wiltshire, Thomas Clutterbuck.

1830

• 30 Belgrave Place, London, Sir Francis Chantry.

See also

• Sir John Soane's Museum

literature

• Academy Editions: John Soane. Academy Editions / St. Martin's Press, London / New York 1983.
• Peter Bexte: The Museum of a Lonely Man. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine. Magazine, January 1986.
• John Britton: The Union of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting. London 1827.
• Stefan Buzas: Sir John Soane's Museum, London. Wasmuth, Tübingen / Berlin 2002.
• Stefan Buzas: Sir John Soane's Museum. London / Tübingen / Berlin 1994.
• Gillian Darley: John Soane at Accidental Romanic. Yale University Press, New Haven / London 1999.
• Anneke de Maat: Sir John Soane's Museum: de Poëzie van de Architectuur. Vernissage (Holland), October 1997.
• Helen Dorey (Ed.): Crude Hints towards an History of my House ..., edition of the 1812 manuscript written by John Soane with introductory essay and notes. In: Exhibition catalog Visions of Ruin. Sir John Soane's Museum, 1999.
• Helen Dorey: The house of the architect John Soane in London after the renovation. German construction newspaper. 1994.
• Helen Dorey: Sir John Soane's Courtyard Gardens at Lincoln's Inn Fields. The London Gardener, 1999-2000.
• John Elsner: A Collector's Model of Desire: The House and Museum of Sir John Soane. In: John Elsner, Roger Cardinal (Eds.): The Cultures of Collecting. 1994.
• Wolfgang Ernst: Frames at work: Museological Imagination and Historical discourse in Neoclassical Britain. Art Bulletin, 1993.
• Susan G. Feinberg: The Genesis of Sir John Soane's Museum Idea: 1801-1810. In: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. Volume 43, October 1984, pp. 225-237.
• Rudi Fuchs: Het museum is green verzameling witte wanden: Het pleidooi meer draamtische museum architectuur. Museum architecture, 1987.
• Helene Furjan: The Specular Spectacle of the house of the Collector. Assemblage 34, 1997.
• Mario Gerosa: Le Stanza dell'Anima…, Sir John Soane's Museum. Bell'Europe, August 1984.
• Thomas Hine: The Gallery without end: British Architect Sir John Soane's Eccentric Legacy. Almanac, 1988 Antico postmoderno: Il gusto bizzarro di Sir John Soane considerato il “padre” degli architetti ingelsi. Architectural Digest, 1988.
• Anthony Jackson: The Facade of Sir John Soane's Museum: a Study in Contextualism. In: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. Volume 51, December 1992, pp. 417-29.
• James Kirklington: The Soanian Sonnet. Interiors, 4/1982.
• Johann Kräftner: Petrified Passion: Sir John Soane's house in London. Parnassus, April 1990.
• Richard Lorch: The Architectural Order of Sir John Soane's House. In: International Architect. Volume 2, No. 9, 1982, pp. 43-48.
• Susan Feinberg Millenson: Sir John Soane's Museum. Ann Arbor 1987.
• Nick Molok: The Soane Museum: Architecture and voyage. In: World's Architecture. 5, Moscow 1996.
• Susan Palmer: The Soanes at Home: Domestic Life at Lincoln's Inn Fields. London 1998.
• Royal Academy exhibition Catalog, MaryAnne Stevens, Margaret Richardson (Eds.): John Soane Architect: Master of Space and Light. Royal Academy Publications, 1999.
• Margaret Richardson: Model Architecture. Country Life, September 21, 1989.
• Eva Schumann-Bacia: The Bank of England and its architect John Soane. Artemis, Zurich / Munich, 1989.
• Sir John Soane's Museum: Description of the Residence of Sir John Soane, Architect. London: 1830, 1832, 1835.
• Sir John Soane: Memoirs of the Professional Life of an Architect between the years 1768 and 1835 written by printed. London 1835.
• Sir John Soane's Museum (1955, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1991, 2001): A New Description of Sir John Soane's Museum. The Trustees, London.
• Dorothy Stroud: Sir John Soane, Architect. Giles de la Mare, London 1984.
• John Summerson : Change, Decay and the Soane Museum. In: Architectural Association Journal. 10/1949, pp. 50-53.
• John Summerson: Sir John Soane 1753-1837. Art and Technics, 1952.
• John Summerson: The Union of the Arts. Lotus International, 35, 1982 II.
• Peter Thornton : Lit up with Gorgeous Hues. Country Life, December 19, 1985.
• Peter Thornton: An Architectural Kaleidoscope: Sir John Soane's Museum in London. In: The Magazine Antiques. New York, January 1987.
• Peter Thornton: Color in Soane's House. Pa Klassisk Grund: Meddelelser fra Thorwaldsens Museum, Copenhagen, 1989.
• Peter Thornton: The Soane as it was. In: Sir John Soane's Museum: A Special Issue of Apollo. Volume 81, April 1990, pp. 228-232.
• Peter Thornton, Helen Dorey: A Miscellany of Objects from Sir John Soane's Museum. London, 1992.
• Ilse Trechsel: The Soane House in London. In: Eduard Huttinger (Ed.): Kunstler Hauser. Zurich / Munich around 1984.
• David Watkins: Un labyrinths "pittoresque". Beaux Arts Magazine, France 1985.
• David Watkins: Sir John Soane: The Royal Academy Lectures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000.
• Todd Willmert: Heating Methods & their impact on Soane's work: Lincoln's Inn Fields and Dulwich Picture Gallery. In: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. March 1993.
• Soane, Sir John . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 25 : Shuválov - Subliminal Self . London 1911, p. 296 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).

Archives

• Drawings by Sir John Soane in the Archives of the Sir John Soane Museum .
• The Parish Rate Record. The Parish of St Giles in the Fields, starting ~ 1800.
• The Campden City Council Local Studies and Archives Library, Holborn Library. Starting ~ 1800.
• The Kelly's London Street Directory, beginning 1802.
• Census Returns, beginning 1801, issued once a decade.

Web links

Commons : John Soane  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Soane Museum, London
• Portraits of Soane at the National Portrait Gallery