Wei Dynasty
The Wei Dynasty ( Chinese 魏 , Pinyin Wèi , W.-G. Wei ; 220–265) was one of the Three Kingdoms into which China broke up after the collapse of the Han Dynasty . To distinguish it from other dynasties and states with the name Wei , it is also called "Cao Wei". The core of the Wei Empire lay in the central Chinese plain. It included the present-day Gansu , Hebei , Henan , Liaoning , Shaanxi , Shandong and Shanxi provinces . Its capital was Luoyang , the capital of the Late Han Dynasty .
history
When the central rule of the Han dynasty was lost, Cao Cao conquered northern China. He was the Chancellor of the last Han Emperor Xian and was appointed Prince of Wei ( 魏公 , Wèi Gong ) in 213 and Prince / King of Wei ( 魏王 , Wèi Wang ) in 216 .
220 Cao Cao died. His son and heir Cao Pi initially only succeeded him in his offices as Prince of Wei and Chancellor of the Emperor, but in the same year he deposed Emperor Xian and proclaimed himself Emperor of the Wei Dynasty. The southern warlords Liu Bei and Sun Quan quickly rebelled against him and in turn proclaimed themselves emperor. Liu Bei founded the Shu Han in 221 as a direct successor to the Han Dynasty, and Sun Quan founded the Wu Dynasty in 222 .
While the Xiahou and Cao families played an important role in the early years of government, their power declined rapidly, while the influence of the Sima family , who provided the chancellor, grew steadily. The beginning of this development lay with Sima Yi , the commander in chief of the Wei Army. He successfully fended off attacks by the Wu and Shu empires; none of Shu Chancellor Zhuge Liang's five Northern Expeditions were successful. In 249, Sima Yi overthrew Chancellor Cao Shuang and became regent for Emperor Cao Mao . In doing so, he laid the foundation for the power of his family.
Wei conquered Shu Han in 263. Two years later, Wei Chancellor Sima Yan declared the last Wei Emperor Cao Huan to be deposed and founded the Jin Dynasty .
Emperor of the Wei Dynasty
| Posthumous name ( Shìhào諡 號) |
Birth name ( Běnmíng本名) |
Period of government ( Zàiwèiqī在位 期) |
Periods of government ( Niánhào年號) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Wei" + posthumous title | |||
| Wendi | Cao Pi | 220 - 226 | Huangchu 220 - 226 |
| Mingdi | Cao Rui | 226 - 239 |
Taihe 227 - 233 |
| Shaodi; also King Qi of Wei | Cao Fang | 239 - 254 |
Zhengshi 240 - 249 |
| Gaoguixiang Gong | Cao Mao | 254 - 260 |
Zhengyuan 254 - 256 |
| Yuandi | Cao Huan | 260 - 265 |
Jingyuan 260 - 264 |