Edwin Hoernle

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Edwin Hoernle (born December 11, 1883 in Cannstatt , † July 21, 1952 in Bad Liebenstein ) was a communist politician, Marxist theorist, founding member of the NKFD and author. Pseudonym Georgi .

Life

The pastor's son Hoernle spent parts of his childhood in Mirat , India , where his father worked as a missionary. At the age of ten, Hoernle began to write poetry and ideologically to break away from his parents' house. After attending humanistic grammar schools in Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart , he passed the Abitur in 1902; then he did his military service in 1903. From 1904 to 1909 he studied theology at the universities of Göttingen , Berlin and Tübingen . In Berlin he came into contact with the SPD and met his future wife, Helene Hess, with whom he - despite hostility - initially lived together without a marriage certificate . In 1909 he took the theological examination and worked for three months as a vicar , after which he left the church and joined the SPD in 1910. In the following years he worked as a private tutor and wrote articles for social democratic papers such as Neue Zeit .

Hoernle soon belonged to the left wing of the SPD and was on friendly terms with Rosa Luxemburg , Franz Mehring and Friedrich Westmeyer . Up until the First World War, Hoernle was the editor of various social democratic publications, including the magazine Die Gleichheit published by Clara Zetkin . From 1912 he was features editor of the Social Democratic Swabian Tagwacht in Stuttgart, as this in 1914 after the start of World War I, a war and burgfriedenspolitik took the SPD criticizing attitude, Hoernle and his Mitredakteure were Jacob Walcher and Arthur Crispien reprimanded by the regional party leadership. Because of his anti-war activities, Hoernle, who had joined the Spartacus group , was arrested several times and sent to the front. During the November Revolution , Hoernle was a member of the Stuttgart Workers 'and Soldiers' Council and a founding member of the KPD , whose party organization in Württemberg he headed from 1919 to 1920.

In the KPD, Hoernle was considered an expert on educational as well as agricultural policy, at the same time he published several volumes of poetry. From 1921 to 1924 he was a member of the central leadership of the KPD, at the IVth World Congress of the Comintern in 1922 he was elected to the Executive Committee (EKKI) as the second German member alongside Clara Zetkin. After the failed Hamburg uprising in 1923, Hoernle, who was counted first to the "right wing of the party" around Heinrich Brandler and August Thalheimer , then to the "middle group" around Ernst Meyer , was removed from the party leadership in 1924. In May 1924, the new “left” leadership around Ruth Fischer initially prevented a candidate for the Reichstag. In December 1924 he was nevertheless elected to the Reichstag , to which he belonged until 1933.

From 1925 Hoernle, together with Heinrich Rau , was again active in the management of the central land department of the KPD. One of the employees was Ernst Putz . From 1927 to 1928 he was temporarily transferred to Stuttgart, where he directed the Süddeutsche Arbeiterzeitung ; one reason for this transfer was u. a. also Hoernle's protest against the exclusions (of the most important spokesman for the “left” wing of the party, whom he politically opposed) by the party leadership around Ernst Thälmann . From 1929 Hoernle's influence continued to decline in the phase of the ultra-left politics ( social fascism and RGO politics) of the Thälmann leadership, which he rejected. During this time he worked as a teacher at the Reichsparteischule of the KPD "Rosa Luxemburg" .

After the NSDAP came to power , Hoernle fled to Switzerland in April 1933 and emigrated to Moscow at the end of the year , where he worked for various economic and agricultural institutions and from 1943 was active for the National Committee Free Germany . In May 1945 he returned to the Soviet occupation zone in Germany, was Vice President of the Administration of the State of Brandenburg and, from September 1945, as President of the German Central Administration for Agriculture and Forestry, responsible for implementing the land reform . In 1949 he resigned from this post and served until his death as dean of the agricultural policy department at the administrative academy in Forst Zinna .

tomb

His urn was buried in the memorial of the socialists in the central cemetery Friedrichsfelde in Berlin-Lichtenberg .

Publications

  • Behind the scenes of a royal court stage. A contribution to the social and economic situation of German stage artists . Schimmel, Stuttgart 1914.
  • From war and dungeon . Spartakus Verlag, Stuttgart-Degerloch 1918.
  • Socialist youth education and socialist youth movement . Publishing house "Junge Garde", Berlin 1919.
  • The communist school. School program of the Free Socialist Youth of Germany (draft). Publishing house "Junge Garde", Berlin 1919.
  • The Fables of Oculi . Oskar Wöhrle, Stuttgart 1920. Digitized
    • Oculi. A selection . Ed., Epilogue by Hansgeorg Meyer. Children's book publisher, Berlin 1980.
  • The Jew is to blame [!]. A serious word to all small farmers, cottagers and farm workers! . Berlin and Leipzig 1921. (Polemics against anti-Semitism)
  • The working class and their children. A serious word to the working class parents . International youth publisher, Berlin 1921.
  • Workers, peasants and Spartacus. A stage play in an elevator. Publishing house "Junge Garde", Berlin 1921.
  • The work in the communist children's group . Verlag der Arbeiterbuchhandlung, Vienna 1923.
  • Red songs. Poems. Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Vienna 1924.
    • Red songs. Poems. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1963.
    • The heart has to beat . With a foreword by Alexander Abusch . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar 1968.
  • The industrialization of German agriculture, a new phase of capitalist monopoly rule . Internationaler Arbeiter-Verlag, Berlin 1928.
  • Basic questions of proletarian education . Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Berlin 1929.
    • Basic questions of proletarian education . Edited by Lutz von Werder and Reinhart Wolff. March Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1969 (= March Archi 5)
    • Basic questions of proletarian education . Edited by Lutz von Werder and Reinhart Wolff. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 1973. ISBN 3-436-01878-3 .
  • Peasants under the yoke. Narration . Publishing Cooperative of Foreign Workers in the USSR, Moscow 1936.
  • German farmers under the swastika . Editions Promethee, Paris 1939.
    • German farmers under the swastika . Edited by Lothar Berthold and Dieter Lange. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1983. (= Antifascist literature in probation . Volume 6)
  • Wilhelm Pieck, Edwin Hoernle: Democratic land reform; . Neuer Weg publishing house, Berlin 1945.
  • The land reform. A way to democracy and peace. Deutscher Bauernverlag, Berlin 1946.
  • The practical test of the democratic land reform . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1947. Digitized
  • Basic questions of proletarian education. Educational and educational policy writings . Selected and introduced by Wolfgang Mehnert. People and Knowledge, Berlin 1958.
  • A life for peasant liberation. Edwin Hoernle's work as an agricultural politician and a selection of his writings on agricultural policy . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965.
  • The little king and the sun . Children's book publisher, Berlin 1976.

literature

  • Wolfgang Mehnert: Edwin Hoernle . People and knowledge, Berlin 1963. ( Life pictures of great educators )
  • Hoerle, Edwin (Ps. Georgi) . In: Lexicon of socialist German literature. From the beginning to 1945. Monographic-biographical presentations . Leipzig 1964, pp. 226-228.
  • Birgit Leske: Hoernle, Edwin : In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 213-216.
  • Karl-Heinz Ruch: Edwin Hoernle . In: Karl-Heinz Leidigkeit (editorial director): Communists in the Reichstag. Speeches and biographical sketches . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1979, pp. 416-423 and pp. 341-350.
  • Frank Schumann: Edwin Hoernle (1883–1952) - father of land reform . In: Junkerland in peasant hands: the German land reform and its consequences . edition ost, Berlin, 2005, pp. 59–81, ISBN 3-360-01066-3
  • Peter Erler , Helmut Müller-Enbergs :  Hoernle, Edwin . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Edwin Hoernle: Collective farm fairy tales . In: Der Spiegel . No. 48 , 1947, pp. 5 ( online - November 29, 1947 ).

Web links

Commons : Edwin Hoernle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Branko Lazitch, Milorad M. Drachkovitch: BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF THE COMINTERN ( English ). Hoover Institution - Stanford University, Stanford 1986, ISBN 0-817-98401-1 (Retrieved June 5, 2011).
  2. ↑ Alois Hönig: Ernst Putz, a communist peasant leader . Phil. Diss. V. October 25, 1969, Philosophical Faculty of the University of Rostock 1969. Quoted from: Peter Dudek: "That I went my way out of innermost conviction." . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement (BzG), 3 (2011), pp. 91–120., Quotation point: p. 103.
  3. ↑ Edwin Hoernle: Speech in the second deliberation of the Osthilfegesetz and other laws in the 50th session of the fifth electoral period on March 24, 1931.
personal data
SURNAME Hoernle, Edwin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Georgi (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD, KPD), MdR, author
DATE OF BIRTH December 11, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Cannstatt
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1952
Place of death Bad Liebenstein