The equality
| The equality | |
|---|---|
|
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| description | proletarian feminist magazine |
| language | German |
| publishing company | JHW Dietz |
| First edition | 1892 |
| attitude | 1923 |
| Editor-in-chief | until 1917 Clara Zetkin , then Marie Juchacz |
| Editor | Emma yours |
| ZDB | 542922-5 |
The equality. Magazine for the interests of workers (later subtitled magazine for the women and girls of the working people ) was a social democratic women's magazine that appeared from 1892 to 1923.
history
This was preceded by the magazine “Die Arbeiterin”, founded by Emma her in 1890 . The paper was not very successful and the publisher Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz handed over the management to Clara Zetkin . Despite a lack of journalistic experience, she took over the editorial management, while yours acted as editor.
In the aegis of Zetkin, equality rose to become the leading journal of the social democratic women's movement . While the social democratic propaganda had previously emphasized the everyday needs of housewives and workers such as rising prices, Zetkin conceived the journal equality as a political training paper. She was less concerned with gaining new supporters than with bringing the line of the party closer to the previous social democrats.
She showed the German women the unjust wages and working conditions of their time. Demands included the 10-hour working day. At the same time, under Zetkin's leadership, the paper clearly distinguished itself from the bourgeois women's movement.
However, the theoretical approach of equality made it difficult to distribute the paper because the political articles were too long and the paper was considered too little entertaining. In order to increase the circulation, Zetkin was forced to introduce supplements that dealt, for example, with educational issues. However, the further decrease in circulation meant that Dietz wanted to place responsibility in the hands of Luise Zietz . Zietz was established in the prewar period as the successor to Zetkin, who defended herself against her competitor. However, during the First World War , Zetkin was still able to make the paper a mouthpiece for the opposition wing in the SPD. The party's board of directors, as the owner of the Dietz publishing house, then withdrew from Zetkin and handed it over to Marie Juchacz in 1917 .
Form and content
The magazine appeared biweekly and was about ten pages long. For 1900 a print run of 4000 copies was estimated. During the First World War , the number of subscribers rose to 125,000. This made the equality a mass newspaper. After Zetkin's departure and the associated switch to a war-affirming course, the circulation sank to 19,000 copies. The magazine was tightly printed, confusing and outwardly unappealing. There were almost no illustrations and other graphic design elements were largely dispensed with.
In terms of content, the magazine was divided into two parts. The first usually consisted of only five articles. The leading article was written by Zetkin's leadership and was usually published anonymously. The second part contained information on the women's and workers' movement from Germany and abroad under the heading "Kleine Nachrichten". Since the international women's conference of 1907 , the newspaper was the organ of the international socialist women's organizations. In addition, there were stories, stories or even fairy tales by other authors, which appeared as sequels and usually dealt with the lives of women workers. A note section was added in 1897, on which Lily Braun worked. Information on women's suffrage, working conditions for women workers, but also reports on the bourgeois women's movement, social legislation and care for women and children were published there.
The authors included: Ottilie Baader , Luise Zietz , Gustav Hoch , Edwin Hoernle , Auguste Hennig and Margarete Wengels . Occasionally, contributions from leading social democrats such as Rosa Luxemburg , August Bebel , and others were published. There were also numerous contributions from abroad. The editors paid particular tribute to August Bebel's services. In 1909 she filled out an entire number on the occasion of his birthday, and when Bebel died in 1913, she submitted a zero number that was exclusively dedicated to him. Karl Marx and August Bebel were the only socialist writers who received Die Equality intensively between 1891 and 1914. In doing so, she did not want to replace the reception of Marxism, but rather to encourage people to get involved in socialist thinking as the basis of a doctrine relevant to action.
literature
- Alexandra Zelfel: Education - the politics of women. Discourses on upbringing as reflected in women's magazines in the late 19th century. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn, 2004 ISBN 978-3-7815-1358-7 p. 96ff.
Web links
- Literature by and about the equality in the catalog of the German National Library
- Title page of equality dated June 8, 1917 with the justification for the replacement of Clara Zetkins as editor-in-chief
- Clara Zetkin: "Farewell to equality" , 1917
- About “female full men” and class warriors, women's history and female models in the proletarian women's magazine “Die Gleichheit” (1891–1923) Dissertation by Mirjam Sachse 2010.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sabine Richebächer: We are only missing one little thing. German proletarian women's movement 1890-1914 . Frankfurt M .: Fischer TB, 1982, ISBN 3-596-23724-6 , p. 123.
- ↑ Sabine Richebächer: We are only missing one little thing. German proletarian women's movement 1890–1914 . Frankfurt M .: Fischer TB, 1982, ISBN 3-596-23724-6 , pp. 124 and 143.