Ottilie Baader

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First conference of social democratic women on September 15, 1900 in Mainz. Ottilie Bader in the middle

Ottilie Baader (born May 30, 1847 in Raake (today: Raków, Oels district in the district of Breslau ), † July 24, 1925 in Berlin ) was a German women's rights activist and socialist . Alongside Clara Zetkin , she is one of the most important fighters for women's suffrage in Germany .

Life

Ottilie Baader was born the second of four children. Her father Gustav Baader (1812–1897) was a Zuckerscheider, her mother Johanna Baader, who died early of tuberculosis, was a seamstress. Ottilie was initially tutored by her father and, from the third grade onwards, attended a middle school in Frankfurt an der Oder for three years . At the age of 13, Ottilie moved with her family to Berlin and became a seamstress there. She worked in a factory and later at home to help support the family.

Initially, she was a member of Lina Morgenstern's civic workers' association . She came to social democracy by reading “ Kapitals ” by Karl Marx and August Bebel's “ Die Frau und der Sozialismus ” . In 1866 she took part in the struggle of the Berlin seamstresses against an impending increase in the sewing thread tariffs, in 1870/71 she and 50 sewing machine seamstresses in the Berlin collar and cuff factory that were ready to strike, achieved that the planned halving of wages was withdrawn.

Attending a church service led by Georg Wilhelm Schulze contributed to Ottilie Baader leaving the regional church with her father in 1877 and joining the Free Congregation.

Until 1908 women were not allowed to organize politically according to the Prussian Association Act. That is why social democrats invented the female “confidante” who was politically active but - as an individual - was not an organization that could have been banned or dissolved. From 1894 Ottilie Baader was a confidant in Berlin, from 1900 to 1908 “Central Confidant of the Comrades in Germany”. Ottilie Baader was one of the first full-time functionaries of the SPD . She set up the SPD's women's office and initially worked there on a voluntary basis for four years. It was not until 1904 that the SPD paid her a salary.

As a central ombudsman, Baader played a leading role in building a socialist women's movement. At numerous national and international assemblies and conferences she called for the introduction of women's suffrage, was committed to the protection of women and children and pleaded for better education for women. She wrote regularly for The Equality magazine . Her memoir "Ein Steiniger Weg" was published in 1921 and was published for the last time in 1979.

In 1911 Baader married August Dietrichs, a social democratic innkeeper from Oranienburg. On July 24, 1925, she died in the Rudolf Virchow Hospital in Weddingen and was buried in the Richtstrasse cemetery.

In 1996 a square in Berlin-Rudow was named after her.

Fonts

  • Women and girls of the working people! What do you have to do in the parliamentary elections this time? Berlin 1906
  • On the political work of proletarian women . In: Women's suffrage! Edited on the First Social Democratic Women's Day by Clara Zetkin. March 19, 1911, p. 6. ( digitized version and full text in the German text archive )
  • A rocky road: memoirs of a socialist . JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1921
    • A rocky road: memoirs of a socialist . JHW Dietz, Berlin 1931
    • A rocky road. Memoirs of a socialist. With an introduction by Marie Juchacz 3rd edition JHW Dietz Nachf., Berlin, Bonn 1979, ISBN 3-8012-0039-6 )

literature

  • Ilse Balg:  Baader, Ottilie. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 477 ( digitized version ).
  • S. Heppener: Baader-Dietrichs, Ottilie . In: History of the German labor movement Biographisches Lexikon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 17-18.
  • Wolfgang Schmierer: Ottilie Baader . In: Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexicon of German history . People, events, institutions. From the turn of the times to the end of the 2nd World War. 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-520-80002-0 , p. 78.
  • Roswitha Freude: Ottilie Baader. A biographical contribution to the history of the German proletarian women's movement . (phil. dis. Leipzig 1984) PDF file
  • Roswitha Freude: Your name lives on in the history of the proletarian women's movement . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement . 28th year Berlin 1986, No. 5, pp. 666-673.
  • Hans-Jürgen Arendt: Baader, Ottilie . In: Manfred Asendorf, Rolf von Bockel: Democratic ways. German résumés from five centuries. JB Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 1997, ISBN 3-476-01244-1 , pp. 32-34.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / archiv.spd-berlin.de
  2. ↑ Roswitha Freude: Ottilie Baader - a biographical contribution to the history of the German women's movement , 1985 (pdf), p. 16


personal data
SURNAME Baader, Ottilie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baader-Dietrichs, Ottilie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German women's rights activist and socialist
DATE OF BIRTH May 30, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Raake (District of Oels in the regional district of Breslau)
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1925
Place of death Berlin