Lina Morgenstern

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Lina Morgenstern around 1900
Lina Morgenstern
"The leaders of the women's movement in Germany" in the gazebo in 1883. Lina Morgenstern in the middle row in the middle

Lina Morgenstern (née Bauer, born November 25, 1830 in Breslau , † December 16, 1909 in Berlin ) was a German writer , women's rights activist and social activist.

Live and act

Lina Morgenstern, raised in her family according to the laws of the Jewish faith , began her social commitment in 1848 with the foundation of the Pfennig Association to support poor school children .

After her husband Theodor Morgenstern, whom she married in 1854, got into financial difficulties, Lina Morgenstern began to write children's books in 1857 in order to secure the family's livelihood. In 1859 their daughter Olga was born. In the same year, Lina Morgenstern and Adolf Lette founded the Berlin women's association for the promotion of Fröbel'schen kindergartens , in order to counter the kindergarten ban that had been in force in Prussia since 1851 and to promote Friedrich Froebel 's kindergarten idea . From 1861 to 1866 she was the association's chairman; During this time, eight kindergartens and an educational institution for kindergarten teachers were opened.

Childhood Paradise , fifth edition cover, 1889

With the handbook for the training of kindergarten teachers, which she wrote, Das Paradies der Kindheit , one of the first specialist books on Froebel pedagogy, a public discussion about the upbringing of children in pre-school facilities developed. Lina Morgenstern wrote about the meaning and importance of kindergartens:

These institutions are nothing more than family associations in order to give their 3-6 year old children for a few hours under the supervision of a trained kindergarten teacher, who occupies them in healthy rooms according to their age and abilities, strengthens their body through movement games, guides their senses correctly , gives her awakening spirit the necessary nourishment and educates her mind by introducing it into the world of nature and man, thinking and creating, and stimulating them to self-satisfaction and self-activity .

In the run-up to the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Lina Morgenstern developed the proposal to mitigate the threatening social consequences of the war by setting up large kitchens and serving meals at cost. After a corresponding appeal for the establishment of the Volksküche in Berlin, the Association of Berliner Volksküche was founded ; the first opened on July 4, 1866. She also accompanied this initiative as a writer - in 1868 her book about the popular kitchens was published, which also listed tried and tested recipes in them. This later resulted in the Illustrated Universal Cookbook .

Memorial plaque for the “Suppenlina” in Friedrichstrasse. 9 in Berlin-Kreuzberg

When the newly founded people's kitchens became aware, the Prussian Queen Augusta also supported the work of Lina Morgenstern.

“The leaders of the women's movement”, illustration from Die Gartenlaube , 1894, Lina Morgenstern can be seen in the top row on the right.

Lina Morgenstern continued her social commitment. In 1868 an academy for further training of young women / academy for scientific further training for women followed, in 1869 that of a child protection association. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, Lina Morgenstern, popularly known as Suppenlina , took care of the soldiers traveling through Berlin and set up a field post office. She also organized the care of the wounded. Even after the war, Lina Morgenstern never tired of remedying existing social grievances by founding child protection associations, educational and nursing schools. She also founded the Berlin Housewives Association in 1873 , which ceased ten years later. As a result, Lina Morgenstern lost almost all of her fortune. Since 1874 she published the Deutsche Hausfrauen-Zeitung , which she looked after for over 30 years. In September 1876 she was one of the speakers at the 9th General German Women's Day in Frankfurt am Main with the topic “Women's work in the social and economic field” .

In 1896, together with Minna Cauer , she organized the International Congress for Women's Work and Efforts in the Red City Hall in Berlin and in 1897 became a member of the board of the German Peace Society .

Lina Morgenstern died on December 16, 1909 in Berlin. Her grave is in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee . It is dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honorary grave .

Today a street and a community school in Berlin remind of Lina Morgenstern.

On November 25, 2017 , a memorial plaque was unveiled at her former place of residence, Berlin-Schöneberg , Potsdamer Strasse 139 .

Works (selection)

Children's book: 100 stories from the children's world , new edition of Die Storchenstraße
Memorial plaque for Lina Morgenstern at the house at Linienstraße  47 in Berlin-Mitte
  • Bees . Breslau 1859
  • The Storchenstrasse. A hundred stories from the world of children . Wroclaw 1861
  • Childhood paradise through play, song and activity . Leipzig 1861
  • The ball. The first playful thing to play with the Froebel's childhood tools . In: The education of the present , 1861, H. 18, 149-151
  • The mother and the child, the most important relationship for a right upbringing . In: Kindergarten , 1861, no. 2, pp. 69–75
  • On the history of kindergartens . In: The education of the present 1862, no. 1, p. 7
  • The Froebel Festival in Berlin . In: Kindergarten , 1865, no. 2, pp. 78–80
  • The drawing school based on Fröbel's principles , Berlin 1866
  • The kindergarten and the school and in what way can the organic connection be established between the two? , Leipzig 1874
  • From Froebel's life and work , Leipzig 1874
  • Friedrich Froebel . Festschrift for the 100th birthday party, Berlin 1882
  • Johanna Goldschmidt . In: Kindergarten , 1885, no. 1, pp. 6-9
  • An open word about the medical study of women to Prof. Dr. W. Waldener . 1888 ( digitized version and full text in the German text archive )
  • Women's work in Germany . Part 1: History of the German women's movement and statistics of women's work in all areas accessible to it ; Part 2: Address book and statistics of women's clubs in Germany . Publishing house of the “Dt. Hausfrauen-Zeitung ”, Berlin 1893

literature

Fiction with Lina Morgenstern as the protagonist

Web links

Commons : Lina Morgenstern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Lina Morgenstern  - Quotes
Wikisource: Lina Morgenstern  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Morgenstern 1861, p. 30
  2. ↑ Deutscher Reichsanzeiger No. 224 of September 22, 1876
personal data
SURNAME Morgenstern, Lina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bauer, Lina (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer, women's rights activist and social activist
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1909
Place of death Berlin