The gazebo

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Title page of the first issue of the Gazebo , 1853

The magazine Die Gartenlaube - Illustrirtes Familienblatt was a forerunner of modern magazines and the first large, successful German mass newspaper. It was published by Ernst Keil Verlag in Leipzig from 1853 with an initial print run of 5000 copies. The first editor was Ferdinand Stolle until 1862 , because Keil - a socially critical veteran of the 1848 revolution - had lost his civil rights due to a press offense . From 1862, Keil published the magazine itself. After his death in 1878 Ernst Ziel followed and later, in 1884, Adolf Kröner as editor. From 1853 to 1945 the magazine was distributed throughout the German-speaking area. The magazine appeared weekly up to and including 1889.

In 1861, Die Gartenlaube was the first German magazine ever to appear with a circulation of 100,000 copies. Under Ernst Keil it reached a print run of 382,000 copies in 1875. After the death of its columnist and leading designer Carl Ernst Bock , who had also contributed to a short-term Prussian ban on the gazebo with attacks that were critical of the system, the number of copies then fell again in 1874. Since the former system-critical and popular education magazine from 1875 onwards served more as common family reading and was also available in numerous lending libraries and cafes, the actual readership at their weddings is estimated at two to five million.

The gazebo is just as comprehensive as indispensable for many historical research fields source for German cultural history, also with regard to the published in the magazine serials .

  • The gazebo

  • Title page from 1908

  • The leaders of the women's movement in Germany 1894

  • In the expedition the "gazebo"

  • Bookseller's cart in front of the gate of the "Gazebo"

  • Cover picture 1880

  • Friedrich Rückert reads The Gazebo (1866)

Stages of the gazebo

The gazebo went through three phases in its first 50 years:

  • The early years up to the founding of the empire in 1871 followed the tradition of moral weeklies : entertainment and instruction were the two fixed points between which a broad spectrum of interests was conveyed. During the years of reaction , she made a name for herself in the aforementioned sense and, through the radical-liberal position of the publisher Ernst Keil, openly and actively advocated the establishment of a unified national state from the beginning of the 1860s. The bourgeois code of values was consolidated by contrasting it with the decline of aristocratic norms. Was known , the gazebo was mentioned at that time for its neutral to positive portrayal of Jews in the occasional Jewish family life as example to follow.
  • In the years after the founding of the Empire, Die Gartenlaube increasingly appeared as an advocate of Prussian politics. Her committed and extremely polemical participation in the Kulturkampf (which was triggered by the dogma of papal infallibility of 1870 proclaimed by Pope Pius IX ) served the defense of the liberal worldview in general and supported the arguments of the National Liberal Party in particular.
  • The years since around 1880 only resembled those of the two earlier phases in format and title, because the scope and content had changed fundamentally in the meantime. After Keil's death in 1878, Die Gartenlaube increasingly developed into a conservative entertainment paper under the direction of the new owner and editor Adolf Kröner . Political or religious topics were taboo after this repositioning. From a popular encyclopedia , the magazine turned into an entertaining paper at the turn of the century. Parallel to this change in content, the development from a magazine with individual illustrations to a magazine with an additional text section took place formally in the same period.

In 1904 the title was incorporated into the newspaper publisher of the right-wing national August Scherl and finally came to the media empire of Alfred Hugenberg , one of Adolf Hitler's pioneers , in 1916 . After the takeover by Scherl, the entire editorial archive was destroyed. Most of his press group was later taken over by Nazi publishers, where the paper (since 1938 with the changed title Die neue Gartenlaube ) was continued until 1944. After the war, Kelter-Verlag took over the rights to the magazine and published another 178 issues between 1974 and 1978 under the title Gartenlaube . The last attempt to re-establish the magazine was made in 1982 by the DLV belonging to the Kelter-Verlag. The new gazebo was discontinued in 1984.

The gazebo -like folk enlightening leaves were the people doctor , naturopath , German gazebo , home and over land and sea . The Pfennig magazine , which was competing with the gazebo, ceased to appear in 1855.

Well-known authors

Novels and longer short stories

In the first few years, only short prose works were printed in the "Gartenlaube", which could be completed within a few issues. This changed in 1861 with the publication of Otto Ruppius' emigrant novel Ein Deutscher . Serial novels and longer novels presented in sequels soon became regular contents of the magazine. Here is a list of titles up to 1899 (unless otherwise noted, only works that have appeared in at least 10 episodes are listed):

  • 1861 (Issues 10–35) - Otto Ruppius : Ein Deutscher
  • 1862 (1-12) - Fanny Lewald : The last of his tribe
  • 1862 (21–37) - Otto Ruppius: Zwei Welten
  • 1865 (12-25) - Hermann von Schmid : The Bavarian Hiesel
  • 1866 (1-19) - E. Marlitt : Goldelse
  • 1867 (21–38) - E. Marlitt: The secret of the old Mamsell
  • 1867 (37–50) - Hermann von Schmid: The Habermeister
  • 1869 (1-32) - E. Marlitt: Countess Gisela
  • 1870 (3–52) - Wilhelmine von Hillern : On her own
  • 1870 (27–38) - Levin Schücking : The sea swallow
  • 1871 (14-28) - E. Werner : A hero of the pen
  • 1871 (31-52) - E. Marlitt: Das Haideprinzesschen
  • 1872 (1-17) - E. Werner: At the altar
  • 1872 (31–52) - Friedrich Spielhagen : What the swallow sang
  • 1873 (1–23) - E. Werner: Glück auf!
  • 1873 (22–31) - Herman von Schmid: Der Loder
  • 1874 (1–21) - E. Marlitt: The second wife
  • 1874 (23-40) - E. Werner: Broken fetters
  • 1875 (27–37) - Herman von Schmid: Dog and Cat '
  • 1875 (37-46) - Emilie Tegtmeyer : Helene
  • 1876 ​​(1–26) - E. Marlitt: In the House of the Commerce Council
  • 1876 ​​(27-52) - E. Werner: Vineta
  • 1877 (22–31) - Herman von Schmid: Im Himmelmoos
  • 1877 (33–45) - Gustav von Meyern-Hohenberg : Teuerdank's Brautfahrt
  • 1877 (40-49) - Hans Warring: Junker Paul
  • 1878 (9–37) - E. Werner: At a high price
  • 1878 (40–52) - Wilhelmine Heimburg : Lumpenmüller's Lieschen
  • 1879 (1–12) - Georg Horn: Errende Sterne
  • 1879 (14–39) - E. Marlitt: In the Schillingshof
  • 1880 (7-17) - Robert von Bayer : The way to the heart
  • 1880 (19–34) - E. Werner: Spring messengers
  • 1881 (1–13) - E. Marlitt: Amtmanns Magd
  • 1881 (27-47) - A. Godin: Mother and Son
  • 1882 (14–24) - Levin Schücking: Law and Love
  • 1882 (30–39) - Stefanie Keyser: The war over the hood
  • 1883 (1–29) - E. Werner: Banned and redeemed
  • 1883 (40–50) - Ernst Wichert : The bride in mourning
  • 1884 (1–17) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: A poor girl
  • 1884 (3–13) - Ludwig Ganghofer : Dschapei
  • 1884 (14-25) - Ernst Eckstein : Salvatore
  • 1884 (23–49) - A. von der Elbe : years of brewing
  • 1884 (27–36) - Levin Schücking: The mistress of Arholt
  • 1884 (37-46) - Stefanie Keyser: Fanfaro
  • 1885 (1–20) - E. Marlitt: The woman with the carbuncle stones
  • 1885 (10–21) - Sophie Junghans : Under the gate of honor
  • 1885 (21–32) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Trudchen's marriage
  • 1885 (27–38) - Wilhelm Raabe : Restless guests
  • 1885 (33–41) - Theodor Fontane : Under the pear tree (in 9 episodes)
  • 1885 (42–52) - Ludwig Ganghofer: Edelweißkönig
  • 1886 (1–39) - Friedrich Spielhagen: What does it want to be?
  • 1886 (1-14) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: The other
  • 1886 (14-23) - Stefanie Keyser: The Lora-Nixe
  • 1886 (14-26) - Alexander Baron v. Roberts: Idolatry
  • 1886 (24-52) - E. Werner: Sankt Michael
  • 1886 (25–35) - Arnold Kasten: Magdalena
  • 1887 (1–17) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: heart crises
  • 1887 (34–53) - Ludwig Ganghofer: Der Unfried
  • 1888 (1-25) - E. Marlitt, Wilhelmine Heimburg: The Owl House
  • 1888 (24-50) - E. Werner: Die Alpenfee
  • 1888 (40–49) - Stefanie Keyser: German style, faithfully preserved
  • 1889 (1–19) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Lore von Tollen
  • 1889 (14-29) - Ida Boy-Ed : Not on track
  • 1889 (30-39) - Ernst Pasqué : Gold-Aninia
  • 1890 (1-14) - E. Werner: Flammenzeichen
  • 1890 (7-18) - Reinhold Ortmann: Madonna in the Rosenhag
  • 1890 (19-28) - Marie Bernhard : Solstice
  • 1891 (1–21) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: An insignificant woman
  • 1891 (17-29) - Ida Boy-Ed: Lea and Rahel
  • 1891 (36-52) - Marie Bernhard: An idol
  • 1892 (8-18) - Ludwig Ganghofer: The monastery hunter
  • 1892 (20–28) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Mamsell Unnütz (in 9 episodes)
  • 1893 (1-23) - E. Werner: Free path
  • 1893 (14–34) - Sophie Junghans: Iris
  • 1893 (33–41) - Marie Bernhard: "For my sake!" (In 9 episodes)
  • 1894 (1–30) - Ludwig Ganghofer: The Martinsklause
  • 1894 (1-20) - Marie Bernhard: The pearl
  • 1894 (27-35) - Klaus Zehren: The Brothers (in 9 episodes)
  • 1894 (36–52) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: To the debt of others
  • 1895 (14-29) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Beetzen House
  • 1896 (1-24) - E. Werner: Fata Morgana
  • 1896 (24–44) - Ludwig Ganghofer: The running mountain
  • 1897 (1–20) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Defiant hearts
  • 1897 (1–9) - Ernst Muellenbach : The Hansebrüder (in 9 episodes)
  • 1897 (20–37) - Ernst Eckstein: The Witch of Glaustädt
  • 1897 (31-53) - O. Verbeck: Einsam
  • 1897 (40-48) - Adolf von Wilbrandt : Das Kind (in 9 episodes)
  • 1898 (1-14) - Wilhelmine Heimburg: Antons Herben
  • 1898 (15–24) - Marie Bernhard: Josephsthal Castle
  • 1899 (1–12) - Ludwig Ganghofer: The silence in the forest
  • 1899 (9-18) - Ida Boy-Ed: Just a human
  • 1899 (19–28) - Jakob Christoph Heer : The King of Bernina

Reading samples

  • Ferdinand Stolle, Ernst Keil: To our friends and readers . In: Gazebo . Issue 1, 1853, pp. 1 ( full text [ Wikisource ] - preface from the first issue of the magazine).
  • A paper statistic of the "Gazebo" . In: Gazebo . Issue 1, 1886, p. 20 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).

literature

  • Johannes Proelß : On the history of the gazebo 1853-1903 , Leipzig 1904
  • Hanna Meuter : The family paper , in generations of women in pictures. Ed. Emmy Wolff. Herbig, Berlin 1928, pp. 89-96
  • Hermann Zang: The "Gazebo" as a political organ. Fiction, pictorial works and literary criticism in the service of liberal politics 1860–1880 . Roßteuscher, Coburg 1935.
  • Saxon cuneiform script . In: Der Spiegel . No. 16 , 1963, pp. 67 ( online ).
  • Heinz Klüter (Ed.): Facsimile cross-section through the gazebo . Scherz, Bern 1963
  • Heide Radeck: On the story of the novel and the story in the "Gartenlaube" 1853 to 1914. Heroism and idyll as an instrument of national ideology . University of Erlangen , Erlangen 1967, DNB  482199547 ( dissertation ).
  • Dieter Barth: The family sheet - a phenomenon of the entertainment press of the 19th century. In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens Volume XV (1975), Sp. 121-314 (the gazebo in particular, Sp. 165-214)
  • Hazel Rosenstrauch : For example “Die Gartenlaube” In: Annamarie Rucktäschel, Hans-Dieter Zimmermann (Ed.): Trivialliteratur . Fink, Munich 1976, pp. 169–189, ISBN 3-7705-1392-4 (= Uni-Taschenbücher , volume 637, library of the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e.V. ).
  • Heidemarie Gruppe: “People” between politics and idyll in the “Gartenlaube” 1853–1914 . Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-261-01939-5 (= European university publications series 19, volume 11)
  • Anne-Susanne Rischke: The poetry in the "Gazebo" 1853-1903. Investigations into subject matter, form and function . Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-8204-6258-9 (= European university publications , series 1, volume 516)
  • Alfred Estermann: Content-analytical bibliographies of German cultural journals of the 19th century. Volume 3. The Gazebo (1853–1880 [–1944]) . Saur, Munich 1995
  • Kirsten Belgum: Popularizing the nation. Audience, representation, and the production of identity in "Die Gartenlaube" 1853–1900 . University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln NE 1998, ISBN 0-8032-1283-6 .
  • Ruth Lindner : The gladiator in the 'gazebo'. In: Nürnberger Blätter zur Archäologie, issue 16, year 1999/2000, pp. 175–194
  • Undine Janeck: Between the Gazebo and Karl May. German reception of America in the years 1871–1913 . Shaker , Aachen 2003, ISBN 3-8322-1494-1 .
  • Marcus Koch: National identity in the process of nation-state orientation, illustrated using the example of Germany through the analysis of the family magazine “Die Gartenlaube” from 1853–1890 . Lang, Frankfurt 2003, ISBN 3-631-51423-9 (= European university publications , series 22, volume 389)
  • Matthias Leupold: Artistic sequence of images on the ideological content of the widely read sheet "Leupold's garden gazebo - lovers' recordings in memory of a German family paper 1994" . In: The past has only just begun . Schaden, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-932187-28-8
  • Margit Baumgärtner: The dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine as seen in the illustrated family magazine “Die Gartenlaube” 1853-1944 . (PDF) Dissertation University of Munich , Institute for the History of Medicine 2004.
  • Fayçal Hamouda (ed.): The publisher Ernst Keil and his gazebo . Edition Marlitt, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-938824-03-4 .
  • Florian Mildenberger : Medical instruction for the middle class. Medicinal cultures in the magazine "Die Gartenlaube" (1853–1944). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2012 (= medicine, society and history. Supplement 45), ISBN 978-3-515-10232-2 ; and in addition: Gundolf Keil: Review of: Florian Mildenberger: Medical instruction for the bourgeoisie. Medicinal cultures in the magazine "Die Gartenlaube" (1853–1944). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2012 (= medicine, society and history. Supplement 45), ISBN 978-3-515-10232-2 . In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 306-313.
  • Claudia Stockinger: At the origins of popular seriality. The family sheet "Die Gartenlaube" . Wallstein, Göttingen 2018.
  • Christian Erlinger, Jens Bemme: The data arbor of the gazebo. Open up 'Die Gartenlaube' in Wikisource in a structured manner with Wikidata - a workshop report . In: diedatenlaube.github.io . November 18, 2019 ( github.io ).
  • Jens Bemme, Christian Erlinger: Die Datenlaube: New knowledge and data from old texts - With Wikisource, Wikidata and with Commons , # vBIB20 lecture on May 28, 2020.
  • Johannes Franzen: Here the poet has a say . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 26, 2020, p. N 3 .

Web links

GDR postage stamp, 1988: Bark "Die Gartenlaube" (1872), see: (Q98248087) .
Wikisource: The Gazebo  - Sources and full texts
Commons : The Gazebo  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
Wikisource: List of authors  - sources and full texts
Wikisource: List of illustrators  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Subtitle from 1890 in modernized spelling Illustrated Familienblatt Titelblatt 1/1890 .
  2. ^ W. Faulstich: Media change in the industrial and mass age 2004. P. 66 u. a. Graf: Family and entertainment magazines in the Empire. In: Jäger: Geschichte d. German book trade , Volume 1, 2 2003, p. 427, the number of copies relates to the year 1875
  3. ↑ Hugh McLoad: secularization in Western Europe, from 1848 to 1914 . European Studies Series, New York 2000, ISBN 0-312-23511-9 , p. 102.
  4. ↑ Urszula Bonter: The popular novel in the successor of E. Marlitt. Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 2005 page 83
  5. ^ Gundolf Keil: Review of: Florian Mildenberger: Medical instruction for the bourgeoisie. Medicinal cultures in the magazine "Die Gartenlaube" (1853–1944). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2012 (= medicine, society and history. Supplement 45), ISBN 978-3-515-10232-2 . In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 306-313, here: pp. 306 and 308 f.
  6. ^ Scan of a page in Die Gartenlaube from 1882, p. 269
  7. ↑ From Marshal Forward Among the Teachers. From Director Wichard Lange in Hamburg . In: Gazebo . Issue 43, 1865, pp. 682–684 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  8. ↑ On the centenary of Friedrich Froebel's birthday - A sketch by Wichard Lange . In: Gazebo . Issue 1, 1882, pp. 4–9 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  9. ^ Meuter reproduces a program by E. Keil, after his reactionary turn, on the content of the future "Gartenlaube", p. 90. The magazine forms the focus of Meuter's remarks.