Carl Ludwig Schleich

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Carl Ludwig Schleich
Bust by the sculptor Otto Stichling

Carl Ludwig Schleich (born July 19, 1859 in Stettin , † March 7, 1922 in Bad Saarow-Pieskow near Berlin ) was a German surgeon and writer. He developed a method of infiltration anesthesia .

Life

Carl Ludwig Schleich was a son of the Szczecin ophthalmologist and secret medical adviser Carl Ludwig Schleich (1823-1907), who had studied with Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach . His mother Constanze b. Küster (1832–1919) was a daughter of the landowner and lime burner Ludwig Küster (1765–1819) from Kalkofen auf Wollin and a sister of the surgeon Ernst Küster and the Berlin doctor Konrad Küster, who was respected as a medical guide and ethicist .

Schleich jun. passed the Abitur at the Sundischen Gymnasium in Stralsund in 1879 . He then studied medicine , initially at the University of Zurich , where he cultivated his musical talent and made friends with the poet Gottfried Keller . (Keller described him as "the Dütsche who suffe cha so wonderfully"). In Zurich he also became a member of a corps . He then studied at the University of Greifswald , where he completed his physics , and, until the first state examination in 1886, at the Charité in Berlin . There he was an assistant professor with Bernhard von Langenbeck , Ernst von Bergmann , Hermann Senator , Robert von Olshausen and Rudolf Virchow .

Schleich received his doctorate in Greifswald in 1887 under the surgeon Heinrich Helferich, a student of Carl Thiersch . He stayed there as an assistant until 1889. In the same year he opened a private clinic for gynecology and surgery with 15 beds in Berlin-Kreuzberg at Friedrichstraße 250 near Belle-Alliance-Platz , which he operated until 1901. He married his childhood sweetheart Hedwig Oelschlaeger, a daughter of Rudolf Oelschlaeger, the president of the Berlin-Stettiner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft .

Carl Ludwig Schleich was appointed professor (1899) and was honored with the title of privy councilor during the imperial era. From 1900 he took over the management of the surgical department at the district hospital in Groß-Lichterfelde , a rural community in the Teltow district that today belongs to the Berlin district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf .

In addition to his medical career, Schleich worked early on as a popular science writer and philosopher, initially exclusively in magazines such as Maximilian Harden's " Zukunft " or in the " Neue Rundschau ", published by Samuel Fischer . He published several small books before he published the volume "Es toll the bells" in 1912 with "Fantasies on the meaning of life". With increasing withdrawal from everyday medical practice, he then worked as an essayist in various weekly and monthly magazines such as “Arena”, “ Über Land und Meer ”, published by Rudolf Presber , and even in the gazebo . As a result, he achieved enormous popularity across the empire.

In 1920 he wrote a number of essays about his life and his teachers, which first appeared in the " Tage-Buch " published by Ernst Rowohlt , only to be published in the same year as a book by Rowohlt under the title "Sunny Past". The work reached millions of copies and became the young publisher's first bestseller, the last edition of which appeared in 1985. It is one of the most widely read memory books in the German language and helped shape the image of the bourgeois world in Germany in the decades before the First World War.

In his memoirs, Schleich also describes his first experience with animal experiments : “ When I was in the physiological seminar of Prof. Ludimar Hermann (in Zurich), the stubborn opponent of Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond , the act of beheading six frogs as an entre-act I had to watch paper cutouts and the lightning-like stitches in the cerebral spinal cord in some poor, cooing pigeons, and my enthusiasm for medicine was over. I felt angry and determined to say valet to her forever. It seemed impossible to me to go through these senseless atrocities. Out of pity I wanted to become Tor a doctor for those who suffer, and here I stood in horror in front of a teaching facility, yes, a cult of cruel indifference to suffering and death. "

The encouragement of his father, who was a respected doctor and headed the Pomeranian Medical Association and the Szczecin Medical Association for 35 years, saved him from taking this step. Although a little later Carl Ludwig Schleich took part in animal experiments with his teacher Rudolf Virchow at the Pathological Institute of the Charité in Berlin , he met this research method with skepticism throughout his life. In the magazine “Arena” he wrote: “ Without a doubt, the arguments of the anti-vivisectionists are worth considering for moral reasons and cannot simply be considered by pointing out the possible benefit that all of humanity may possibly benefit from vivisection for the purpose of finding Remedies, protective devices and basic hygienic laws could and have had to be refuted. Because never before has utilitarianity, the principle of usefulness, alone been decisive for the question of what is morally good or what is reprehensible ”.

Grave of Carl Ludwig and Hedwig Schleich in the south-west cemetery Stahnsdorf

The artist Schleich is still in the literature on the former Berlin Bohème with his table round in the notorious "wine and tasting room G. Turk" (better known as The Black Piglet ) in the new Wilhelmstrasse a place to which Richard Dehmel and August Strindberg , who were close friends with him , were among them. Carl Ludwig Schleich was good friends with Margarete and Reinhold Begas. Reinhold Begas' son, Werner Begas, created Schleich's grave monument in 1922 in the south-west cemetery of the Ev. Synodal Association in Stahnsdorf, Bahnhofstrasse. Schleich was also one of the regular visitors to Bertha von Arnswaldt's († 1919) salon on Nollendorfplatz. Schleich mentions the Begas and Bertha von Arnswaldt family in detail in his memoirs, "Sunny Past".

Carl Ludwig Schleich died during a stay in the Eibenhof sanatorium in Saarow-Pieskow and was buried in the Stahnsdorf south-west cemetery in the Erlöser block, garden block I, garden point 47. The grave was named the honor grave of the city of Berlin in 1952; the honorary grave status was revoked at the end of 2015. A street in the Stralsund district of Knieper Nord now bears his name. Of the monument erected for him on the so-called Comantschenberg on the road between Lebbin and Kalkofen on Wolin (Pomerania), only the base surrounded by field stones is left today.

The German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) awards a Carl Ludwig Schleich Prize for “significant work in the field of pain research”.

Infiltration anesthesia

As Schleich the method he developed the local anesthetic by infiltration anesthesia introduced first in the Medical Society, chaired by Virchow, you met him in disbelief and with stony silence, what Franz Oppenheimer wrote in his memoirs.

On June 11, 1892, Schleich presented his anesthetic method at the surgeons' congress in Berlin. In conclusion, according to the minutes of the negotiations, Schleich said:

“ Given the current state of local anesthesia, I no longer believe that I am justified in using chloroform anesthesia or another inhalation method during operations unless the fundamentally applied method of infiltration anesthesia has been tried beforehand. Only if this turned out to be inadequate in individual cases, or Experience has shown that it is not accessible for individual cases, only then does a special indication arise for anesthesia. But to carry out operations under anesthesia, which would certainly have been feasible with this or a similar form of local anesthesia, I must consider that from the point of view of humanity and that of the surgeon's moral and criminal responsibility, given the current state of infiltration anesthesia, to be absolutely unjustified. "

This statement was perceived as such an affront to those present that the congress leader Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben withdrew the floor after a vote contrary to customary and Schleich then left the meeting. It was only on the occasion of the congress in 1894 that Ernst von Bergmann invited his colleagues to an operation that Schleich was able to carry out in the university polyclinic. At the request of Friedrich von Esmarch , Bergmann reported the success to the congress. Since then, and since the method became known to a broad medical public with the book Painless Operations , infiltration anesthesia began to gain acceptance until around 1907. It is still used today in a modified form. Schleich also made significant contributions to war surgery, wound healing and hysteria.

Publications

  • Painless operations. Local anesthesia with indifferent fluids . Julius Springer, Berlin 1894 ( 1898 online edition  - Internet Archive ).
  • A New Method of Local Anesthesia (Infiltration Anesthesia). (Clinical lecture delivered at the University of Berlin, reported by H. Cleves Symmes) In: International Clinics. Fifth Volume, Volume 2, (July) 1895, pp. 177-192; also in: Faulconer, Keys (1965), pp. 787-800.
  • New methods of wound healing. Your terms and conditions and simplification for practice. Julius Springer, Berlin 1899; 2nd, improved edition there 1900.
  • The self-anesthesia of the wounded in war and peace. A humane suggestion. Springer, Berlin 1906 ( online  - Internet Archive )
  • From the soul. Essays . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1910
  • The bells are ringing. Fantasies about the meaning of life . Concordia Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Berlin 1912
  • Two years of war surgery experience from a Berlin hospital. German publishing company, Stuttgart / Berlin 1916
  • From Asklepios' workshop. Chats about health and illness . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart and Berlin 1916
  • Memories of Strindberg. In addition to obituaries for Ehrlich and von Bergmann . Georg Müller Verlag, Munich 1917
  • From the switchgear of thoughts. New insights and reflections on the soul . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1916 ( online  - Internet Archive )
  • Thought power and hysteria. Ernst Rowohlt, Berlin 1920
  • The wisdom of joy. And other selected fonts . Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1920
  • The problem of death . Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1920
  • The me and the demonies . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1920
  • Consciousness and Immortality . German publishing house, Stuttgart and Berlin 1920
  • Sunny past. Memoirs of a Doctor . Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1920 (on-line)
  • Seals . Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1924
  • From the estate . Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1924
  • The wonders of the soul. With a foreword by CG Jung . S. Fischer Verlag, Berlin 1934

literature

in order of appearance

  • Julius Pagel : Schleich, Karl Ludwig . In: Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1901, column  1503 . and addendum , Col. 1983
  • Paul Massler: The research of Carl Ludwig Schleich and the religious experience. Grewe, Berlin 1921.
  • Michael Charol: Carl Ludwig Schleich . In: Unser Pommerland , Vol. 7 (1922), pp. 37–40.
  • Paul Massler: Carl Ludwig Schleich. Grewe, Berlin 1922.
  • Erich Seichl: CL Schleich and Wollin . In: Unser Pommerland , Vol. 12 (1927), pp. 242–246.
  • Jürgen Thorwald : The world empire of surgeons . European Book Club, Stuttgart 1957, pp. 364-375.
  • Albert Faulconer, Thomas Edward Keys: Karl Ludwig Schleich . In: Foundations of Anesthesiology , 2 volumes. Charles C Thomas, Springfield (Illinois) 1965, Vol. 2, pp. 786-800.
  • Wilfried Hammacher: Reborn. Life paths of August Strindberg and Carl Ludwig Schleich . Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 1994, ISBN 3-7235-0734-4 (play).
  • Volker Hess:  Schleich, Carl Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 46 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Jochen Schulte am Esch, Michael Goerig: Carl Ludwig Schleich - pioneer exclusively of infiltration anesthesia? In: Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Schmerztherapie , Vol. 28 (2008), No. 2, pp. 113–124.

Web links

Commons : Carl Ludwig Schleich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Own information in his autobiography
  2. ↑ Own information in his autobiography ; mentioned as a stepped fox in: Johannes von Muralt : The Corps Tigurinia Zurich . 1850-1940 , Zurich 1940, p. 269.
  3. ↑ Hans Killian , Gertrud Krämer: Master of Surgery and the Surgery Schools in Germany. Germany, Austria, German Switzerland . Thieme, Stuttgart 1951, p. 86.
  4. ↑ Ralf Chr. Beig: Private hospitals in Berlin 1869-1914, On the history of a medical institution in the field of tension between private initiative and state control, Diss. Med. Berlin 2003, p. 94 ff.
  5. ↑ The supplement, column 1983 by Pagel (see literature) names the year 1900.
  6. ↑ Sunbathing Past, Memoirs of a Doctor, p. 112, Ernst Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin 1930
  7. ↑ 1000 Doctors Against Vivisection, p. 81, Association of Swiss Associations Against Vivisection, Basel, Bern, Zurich, 1935
  8. ↑ Ulrike Höhne-Wieynk: Foray through the sights of Bad Saarow and Pieskow. Bad Saarow 2010.
  9. ↑ http://usedom-wollin.eu/kalkofen,_vietzig,_lebbin.htm
  10. ↑ Friedrich Bartels: Everything is due to God's blessing: Lebbin - a topography of blessing , Grieppommer-Verlag, p. 26
  11. ↑ Schleich himself had developed an inhalation anesthetic, Schleich's anesthetic , which was composed of chloroform, sulfur ether and petroleum ether and had a boiling point corresponding to body temperature. See Faulconer, Keys (1965), p. 786.
  12. ^ Friedrich Trendelenburg : The first 25 years of the German Society for Surgery . Julius Springer, Berlin 1923, p. 111.
  13. ^ Axel Hinrich Murken : Carl Ludwig Schleich , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann: Doctors Lexicon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2006, p. 291, ISBN 978-3-540-29584-6 (print), ISBN 978-3-540-29585-3 (online).
personal data
SURNAME Schleich, Carl Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schleich, Karl Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Doctor and writer, inventor of infiltration anesthesia
DATE OF BIRTH July 19, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Szczecin
DATE OF DEATH March 7, 1922
Place of death Bad Saarow