Richard Dehmel

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Richard Fedor Leopold Dehmel (born November 18, 1863 in Hermsdorf near Wendisch Buchholz , Brandenburg province (today part of the municipality of Münchehofe ); †  February 8, 1920 in Blankenese ) was a German poet and writer .

Richard Dehmel 1905 on a photograph by Rudolf Dührkoop .
Richard Dehmel as a soldier in the First World War
Hans Anetsberger illustration for Der Arbeitsmann , in: Simplicissimus , 1896

origin

He came from a family of craftsmen who lived in the Hirschberg area (Silesia). His parents were Fedor Dehmel (1835–1932) and his wife Louise Fließschmidt (1829–1905). His father was a district and town forester in Hirschberg and near Kremmen (Mark).

Life

Richard Dehmel spent his childhood in the city of Kremmen , where his father was the city forester. Richard Dehmel went to school in Kremmen and lived in the old forester's house on the road to Sommerfeld . In 1872 he got the opportunity to move to the Sophien-Gymnasium in Berlin. Due to a dispute with the local director, Dehmel had to leave this school and switched to the city high school in Gdansk. After graduating from high school in Danzig in 1882, he studied natural sciences, economics and philosophy in Berlin and completed his studies with a doctorate in Leipzig in 1887 on a topic from the insurance industry. During his studies he became a member of the Hevellia Berlin fraternity in 1882 . He then worked as a secretary in the Association of Private German Insurance Companies in Berlin and traveled around Berlin naturalism .

In 1889 Dehmel married the fairytale poet Paula Oppenheimer , with whom he also wrote children's books. Shortly thereafter, his first volumes of poetry were published, Redemption (1891) and Aber die Liebe (1893). In 1894 he co-founded the magazine PAN , the following year he gave up his position with the insurance association and has lived as a freelance writer ever since . He met his later second wife Ida , née Coblenz , married Auerbach . In 1896 he published the poem Venus Consolatrix ( Latin for Venus as Comforter) in the volume of poems Woman and World , in which he describes a mystical sexual act with a female figure in which Mary, the mother of Jesus , Venus and Mary Magdalene merge. As a result, Börries von Münchhausen filed a complaint for blasphemy : The text had to be blacked out, but the scandal made Dehmel's name better known.

Dehmel house

After divorcing his first wife Paula in 1899, Dehmel traveled extensively across Europe with Ida Auerbach . In 1901 he took up residence in Hamburg near his close friend Detlev von Liliencron , and he married Ida Auerbach. In 1912 he suggested to the Kleist Foundation not to award the Kleist Prize based on a majority decision, but rather through the decision of a shop steward who was newly determined every year. In the same year he moved in Blankenese that according to his specifications by Walther Baedeker built Dehmel house . When the First World War broke out in 1914, Dehmel volunteered for military service ( Infantry Regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31 ) and served until 1916. He was one of the 93 signatories of the Manifesto An die Kulturwelt published in October 1914 . Shortly before the end of the war in 1918, he called on the Germans to hold out. He died on February 8, 1920 of phlebitis caused during the war.

family

In 1889 he married Paula Oppenheimer (1862–1918), a daughter of the rabbi of the Jewish reform community in Berlin Julius Oppenheimer († 1909). She was the sister of Franz Oppenheimer (1864–1943) and Carl Oppenheimer (1871–1941). Richard and Paula Dehmel had a son and two daughters and an adopted son. The daughter Vera (* 1890) married the painter and writer Otto Tetjus Tügel in 1918 .

After his divorce he married Ida Coblenz (1870-1942), divorced Auerbach, a daughter of the Kommerzienrat and wine wholesaler Coblenz († 1910) from Bingen in London in 1901 . The couple had no children.

Literary work, meaning

In the period before the First World War, Dehmel was considered one of the most important German-speaking poets. His often sensual and erotic lyric poetry shows “vitalistic impetuosity” and often thematizes “pleasure and the pain of parting”, but has altogether transfigurative traits and shows “ornamental linguistic decor”.

reception

literature

Richard Dehmel's influence on the young poets of his time, including the Expressionists , was "enormous".

music

Famous composers such as Richard Strauss , Jean Sibelius , Hans Pfitzner , Max Reger , Arnold Schönberg , Heinrich Kaspar Schmid , Anton Webern , Karol Szymanowski , Jan van Gilse and Kurt Weill set his poems to music or were inspired by them to compose like Schönberg to the famous transfigured Nacht op. 4 for string sextet from 1899 based on the poem of the same name from Woman and World (later included in Zwei Menschen. Roman in Romanzen ). This poem deals with Dehmel's main theme "love and sexuality" ( Eros ), which he stylized as a force that breaks bourgeois conventions. Some of the surviving song compositions by Alma Mahler-Werfel also set texts by Dehmel to music. The composer Heinrich Kaspar Schmid (1874–1953) set Op. 20 of his poems Guardian Angel for Voice and Piano . Furthermore, in Liederspiel zur Lute or also piano op. 31 the poems Harvest Song , The Separated , Lullaby for a Boy , and for male choir op. 49 the poem Not yet (Walter Homolka, Heinrich Kaspar Schmid Archive Landau / Isar). The composer Alexander von Zemlinsky set Dehmel's poem Die Magdalene to music under the title May flowers bloomed everywhere for soprano and string sextet.

Visual arts

  • Franz M. Jansen / Richard Dehmel: Two = people = pictures. Woodcuts. Compiled and provided with an afterword by Wolfgang Delseit. Cologne / Münster 1996.

Works (selection)

Hundred selected poems , Berlin, 1909
  • Redemptions . A Change of Soul in Poems and Sayings, 1891
  • But love . A husband and human book. With lid drawing by Hans Thoma and hand pictures by Fidus, 1893
  • Life sheets . Poems and other things. With drawings by Joseph Sattler, 1895
  • The fellow man . Drama, 1896
  • Woman and world. Poems and Fairy Tales , 1896; 1901
  • Lucifer . A dance and gloss game, 1899
  • Fitzebütze . All kinds of bells and whistles for children by Paula and Richard Dehmel. With pictures by Ernst Kreidolf , 1900
  • Two people . Roman in Romances, 1903
  • The colored check . A scrapbook of hearty art for the ears and eyes of German children. With pictures by Ernst Kreidolf , 1904
  • Fitzebütze . Dream game in 5 lifts. Set to music by Hermann Zilcher . Textbook, 1907
  • The metamorphoses of Venus . Rhapsody, 1907
  • Anno Domini 1812 . Poem, 1907
  • A life fair . Poetry. Set to music by Jan van Gilse , 1909
  • The night of God . An experience in dreams, 1911
  • Michel Michael . Comedy, 1911
  • Jesus and Psyche . Imagination at Klinger, 1912
  • Beautiful wild world . New Poems and Sayings, 1913
  • People's voice God's voice . War poems, 1914
  • The silent city , 1896
  • War Breviary . Island Library , 1917
  • The philanthropists . Drama, 1917
  • Hundreds of selected poems . Berlin: S. Fischer Verlag, 1909
  • Between people and humanity . Diary, 1919
  • The family of gods . Cosmopolitan Comedy, 1921
  • The changeable bird . A fairy tale. Pestalozzi-Verlag, 1924
  • The little hero . A seal for well-off brats and for everyone from the people. Pestalozzi-Verlag, 1924
  • My life . Autobiography, 1922 (posthumous)

Letters

  • Catherine Kramer (ed.): A Franco-German pen friendship: Richard Dehmel - Henri Albert. Correspondence 1893–1898 . Bautz, Herzberg 1998.

literature

Overviews

To the complete works

  • Walther Furcht: Richard Dehmel: his importance, his relationship to Goethe, Lenau and modernity . Minden 1899.
  • Julius Bab: Richard Dehmel . Gose & Tetzlaff, Berlin 1902.
  • Emil Ludwig: Richard Dehmel . Fischer, Berlin 1913.
  • Julius Bab: Richard Dehmel. The story of a life's work . Hermann Haessel , Leipzig 1926.
  • Fritz Horn: The love problem in Richard Dehmel's works . Kraus, Nendeln 1967.
  • Paul vom Hagen: Richard Dehmel: The poetic composition of his lyrical oeuvre . Kraus, Nendeln 1967.
  • Elisabeth Veith: Fiction and Reality in Poetry: Literary World Models between 1890 and 1918 in the poetry of Max Dauthendeys, Richard Dehmels and Alfred Momberts . Univ., Diss., Munich 1987.
  • Sabine Henning, Annette Langwitz, Mathias Mainholz, Rüdiger Schütt, Sabine Walter: WRWlt - o Urakkord. The worlds of Richard Dehmel . Bautz, Herzberg 1995. ISBN 3-88309-061-1
  • Roland Stark: The Dehmels and the children's book . Bautz, Nordhausen 2004.
  • Björn Spiekermann: Literary reform of life around 1900: Studies on Richard Dehmel's early work . Ergon, Würzburg 2007.
  • Marek Fialek: Dehmel, Przybyszewski, Mombert. Three forgotten people in German literature. With previously unpublished documents from the Moscow State Archives. Berlin 2009.

To individual works

  • Jens Aden : The will to ornament. Art Nouveau's conception of life and art using the example of Richard Dehmel's poem “In Flight” . Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-668-10562-1 [expanded print version of a lecture from 1993]
  • Jürgen Viering : A workers song ? About Richard Dehmels 'Der Arbeitsmann'. In: Harald Hartung (ed.): Poems and interpretations. Vol. 5: From naturalism to the middle of the 20th century (= RUB . No. 7894). Reclam, Stuttgart 2011 [first 1983], ISBN 978-3-15-007894-5 , pp. 53-66 [with references].

Web links

Commons : Richard Dehmel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Richard Dehmel  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Richard Dehmel  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julius Bab: Richard Dehmel. The story of a life work, Verlag Haessel Leipzig, 1926, p. 21f.
  2. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , pp. 128-131.
  3. ↑ Julius Bab: Richard Dehmel. The story of a life-work , Verlag Haessel Leipzig, 1926, p. 28, p. 36
  4. ↑ Venus Consolatrix on ngiyaw-ebooks.org, accessed December 30, 2019
  5. ↑ Martina Mehring: Dehmel, Richard - The lyrical work . In: Kindlers Literatur Lexikon 3rd, completely revised edition, Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2009, accessed from Bücherhallen Hamburg on December 31, 2019.
  6. ^ Martina Mehring: [work group article] Das lyrische Werk. In: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Hrsg.): Kindlers Literatur Lexikon. 3rd, completely revised edition. 18 vols. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2009, ISBN 978-3-476-04000-8 , vol. 2, pp. 464-466, here 465.
  7. ^ Martina Mehring: [work group article] Das lyrische Werk. In: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Hrsg.): Kindlers Literatur Lexikon. 3rd, completely revised edition. 18 vols. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2009, ISBN 978-3-476-04000-8 , vol. 2, pp. 464-466, here 466.
personal data
SURNAME Dehmel, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dehmel, Richard Fedor Leopold (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet and writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 18, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Hermsdorf at Wendisch Buchholz, Mark Brandenburg (now municipality Münchehofe district Hermsdorf , Dahme-Spreewald )
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1920
Place of death Blankenese